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Module 2

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Lesson 2

The Internet
The Internet or “net” (network of network) is the largest
computer network in the world that connects billions of
computer user. The word internet comes from
combination between “interconnection” and “network”.

Network is a collection of computers and


devices connected via communication
channels and transmission media allow to
share resources (hardware, software, data,
information). Generally, nobody owns the
internet.
A. Brief History of Internet

ARPA – Advanced Research


Project Agency, January 2, 1969
– started an experimental
computer network.
Concept – No server, but equal
importance/participation to
every computer in the network.
In 1982 the word internet started.
1986 – First “ free net” created in Case Western Reserve
University
1991: US government allowed business agencies to connect
to internet. Now all people can connect to the internet and
improve their life and work quality.
Vinton Gray Cerf is an American Internet pioneer and is recognized as
one of "the fathers of the Internet", sharing this title with TCP/IP co-
developer Bob Kahn.
B. Major Components of the Internet

1. Servers – is a computer program that provides service to


another computer program and it’s user.

TYPES OF SERVERS
1. Application Server
2. Web Server
3. Proxy Server
4. Mail Server
5. File Server
6. Policy Server
Application Server
a program in computer that
provides the business logic for an
application program.
An application server is a
special type of server that allows
both web apps development and
server environment for running
them.
It is a platform for building and
running software that is used by
users.
Among the popular application server platforms
are J2EE, WebLogic, Glassfish, JBoss Enterprise
Application Platform, Apache Tomcat, and Apache
Geronimo, to name but a few.
Web Server

It is a computer where the web


content is stored. Basically web
server is used to host the web
sites but there exists other web
servers also such as gaming,
storage, FTP, email etc. On a web server, the HTTP server is
Web site is collection of web responsible for processing and
pages while web server is a answering incoming requests. Upon
receiving a request, an HTTP server first
software that respond to the
checks if the requested URL matches an
request for web resources. existing file. If so, the web server sends the
file content back to the browser. If not, an
application server builds the necessary file.
Proxy Server

is a software that acts as


an intermediary between
an endpoint device, such
as computer and another
server from which a user is
requesting.
A proxy server acts as a
gateway between you and Proxies provide a valuable layer of
the internet. It’s an security for your computer. They can
intermediary server be set up as web filters or firewalls,
separating end users from protecting your computer from
the websites they browse. internet threats like malware.
Mail Server
It is an application that receives
incoming e-mail from local users
and remote senders and forward
outgoing e-mail for delivery
A mail server (or email server) is a
computer system that sends and
receives email. In many cases, web
servers and mail servers are
combined in a single machine.
However, large ISPs and public
email services (such as Gmail and
Hotmail) may use dedicated
hardware for sending and receiving
email.
File Server

is a computer responsible for central storage and


management of data files so that other computer on the
same network can access them.
Policy Server

is a security component of a policy-based network that


provides authorization services and facilities tracking and
control of files.
2. IP Address
(Internet Protocol) –
is a numerical label
assigned to each
device. This provides
identity to a network
device.

3. Browser – is an application
rogram that provides a way to look
information
on the web.
4. Domain Name System (DNS) – is the phonebook of internet.
We access information online through domain names.

Example of DNS:
www.facebook.com,
www.pup.edu.ph,
www.academia.edu
Nae Entity
.com commercial
.org organization
.net network
.edu education
.gov National and State
Government Agencies
.ph Philippines
.au Australia
5. Internet Service Provider (ISP) – is an organization
that provides services for accessing, using or participating
in the internet.
Two types of ISP:
National ISP – provided internet access to a specific
geographic area.
Regional ISP – business that provides internet access in
cities and towns nationwide.

Example of ISP: Sky Broadband, PLDT, Converge


C. USES OF INTERNET
• Look for information
• School works, jobs, and home purposes
• Send and receive electronic mail
• Video teleconferencing (video call, video
chat)
• Buy and sell product
• Social networking
• Watch & post videos
• Games
• Take college courses
• Monitor home while away
• Financial transactions
• Download music and movies
Internet Terms and Definition
• Internet - A global network of thousands of computer
networks linked by data lines and wireless systems.
• Web – a collection of billions of webpages that you can view
with a web browser
• Email – the most common method of sending and receiving
messages online
• Social media – websites and apps that allow people to share
comments, photos, and videos
• Online gaming – games that allow people to play with and
against each other over the Internet
• Software updates – operating system and application
updates can typically downloaded from the Internet

• HTML - Hypertext Markup Language is a coding language


used to tell a browser how to place pictures, text,
multimedia and links to create a web page. When a user clicks
on a link within a web page, that link, which is coded with
HTML, links the user to a specific linked web page.

• URL - Uniform Resource Locator is a web address used to


connect to a remote resource on the world wide web.
Bit - is a single digit in the binary numbering system (base 2). For
example: 1 is a bit or 0 is a bit.
• Byte - generally consists of eight bits.
• Upload - To upload is to transfer data from your computer to
another computer.
• Download - To download is to transfer data from another
computer to your computer.
• HTTP - is the acronym for Hypertext Transfer Protocol, the data
communication standard of web pages. When a web page has this
prefix, the links, text, and pictures should work correctly in a web
browser.
• HTTPS - is the acronym for Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure.
This indicates that the web page has a special layer of encryption
added to hide your personal information and passwords from
others.
• Router- modem combination is the hardware device that acts as
the traffic cop for network signals arriving at your home or business
from your ISP. A router can be wired or wireless or both.
• Encryption - is the mathematical scrambling of data so that it is
hidden from eavesdroppers. Encryption uses complex math formulas
to turn private data into meaningless gobbledygook that only
trusted readers can unscramble.
• Web Bot - A term that applies to programs/applets (macros and
intelligent agents) used on the Internet. Such bots perform a
repetitive function, such as posting messages to multiple
newsgroups or doing searches for information.
• Search Engine - specialized software, such as Google and Yahoo,
that lets www browser users search for information on the web by
using keywords, phrases.
Thank you!

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