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 Kroenke - MIS Essentials 4th Ed - Instructor’s Manual 1

..

6
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..
..
.. The Cloud
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LEARNING OBJECTIVES

1. Describe why the cloud is the future for most organizations.

2. Describe how organizations use the cloud.
3. Explain how AllRoad Parts can use the cloud.
4. Explain how organizations can use cloud services securely.
5. Discuss what the cloud means for your future.

CHAPTER OUTLINE

▪ Why is the cloud the future for most organizations?

 What is the cloud?
 Why is the cloud preferred to in-house hosting?
 Why now?
 When does the cloud not make sense?
▪ How do organizations use the cloud?
 Cloud services from cloud vendors
 Content delivery networks from cloud vendors
 Use Web services internally
▪ How can AllRoad Parts use the cloud?
 SaaS services at AllRoad
 PaaS services at AllRoad
 IaaS services at AllRoad
▪ How can organizations use cloud services securely?
 Virtual private network (VPN)
 Using a private cloud
 Using a virtual private cloud
▪ What does the cloud mean for your future?
▪ How does the knowledge in this chapter help you?

Experiencing MIS InClass EXERCISE 6

Copyright © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.

 Kroenke - MIS Essentials 4th Ed - Instructor’s Manual 2

What, Exactly, Does that Standard Mean?

1. Search the Internet for ISO 27001. Explain the purpose of this standard.

The ISO 27001 standards engage both technical and business managers to examine all
aspects of the management system. Security requirements are created, implemented
and monitored by management in cooperation with technical professionals. The joint
monitoring fosters better business alignment within the company.
Source: What Are the Benefits of ISO 27001? | eHow.com http://www.ehow.com/list_6936896_benefits-iso-
27001_.html#ixzz2FijtSty6, accessed 12/20/12.
(LO: 1, Learning Outcome: Describe different methods of managing IS security,
AACSB: Analytic Skills)

2. Does compliance with ISO 27001 mean that a data center is secure? Does it mean
that no security threat against compliant data centers will be successful? What does it
mean?

ISO 27001 helps organizations stay current by establishing consistent security

product and process evaluation, implementation, monitoring, review and maintenance
procedures. Applying a standard process to the selection and maintenance of existing
and new security procedures that involves both management and information
technology (IT) personnel helps prevent problems before they occur. It also addresses
legal compliance through standardized internal and external audits. ISO 27001
provides additional opportunities for benchmarking, helping companies more readily
implement best practices and reach stretch goals. Detailed, expanded comparisons
with others in the same industry lead to breakthrough improvements.

Complying with ISO 27001 does not mean that a data center is secure or that no
threats against a data center will be successful. However, it does mean that the
organization has adopted management practices that include attention to security
issues and that the organization is committed to a security management system that
involves both technical and management perspectives. (LO: 1, Learning Outcome:
Describe different methods of managing IS security, AACSB: Analytic Skills)

3. Search the Internet for evidence that Microsoft Azure complies with ISO 27001.
Summarize your findings.
The Microsoft cloud has obtained ISO/IEC 27001:2005 certification and SAS 70 Type 1 and II attestations.

Note:
ISO/EC 27001:2005 is a standard that specifies requirements for establishing, implementing, operating,
monitoring, reviewing, maintaining and improving a documented Information Security Management System. You
can find out more about it here.

Note #2:
Statement on Auditing Standards (SAS) 70 is an auditing standard developed by the American Institute of Certified
Public Accountants, which provides guidance for independent auditors to issue an opinion on a service or
organization’s disclosure of its control of activities and processes.

Copyright © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.

 Kroenke - MIS Essentials 4th Ed - Instructor’s Manual 3

(LO: 1,
Source: http://www.windowsecurity.com/articles/Microsoft-azure-security-Cloud.html, accessed 12/20/12.
Learning Outcome: Describe different methods of managing IS security, AACSB:
Analytic Skills)

4. Search the Internet for evidence that Amazon’s EC2 complies with ISO 27001.
Summarize your findings.
SAS 70 is an auditing standard that provides guidance for an auditor issuing a
report about internal controls implemented by a cloud services provider. However, to
assess the adequacy of a data center controls, it is necessary to read and analyze the
report that was prepared in accordance with SAS 70.

Amazon has received the ISO 27001 certification for its Infrastructure as a Service platform:
EC2. Amazon received this certification after completing a SAS 70 type II audit a year earlier.

ISO 27001 certification is an information security standard. Its full name is: ISO/IEC
27001:2005 – Information technology — Security techniques — Information security
management systems — Requirements. ISO 27001 specifies the management system needed
to bring information security under explicit management control. SAS 70 certification specifies
the depth of security and controls by thorough investigation and testing of each defined control.

Goal of this certification is that Amazon can prove to its customers a certain maturity for its
cloud computing platform EC2.

Source: http://cloudcomputing.info/en/news/2010/11/amazon-ec2-receives-iso-27001-certification.html, accessed

12/20/12. (LO: 1, Learning Outcome: Describe different methods of managing IS
security, AACSB: Analytic Skills)

5. Search the Internet for evidence that Microsoft’s auditors have issued a report in
accordance with SAS 70. Summarize your findings.

See answer to item 3 above. (LO: 1, Learning Outcome: Describe different methods
of managing IS security, AACSB: Analytic Skills)

6. Search the Internet for evidence that Amazon’s auditors have issued a report in
accordance with SAS 70. Summarize your findings

See answer to item 4 above. (LO: 1, Learning Outcome: Describe different methods
of managing IS security, AACSB: Analytic Skills)

7. Compare and contrast your answers to questions 3/4 and 5/6. Does your comparison
cause you to believe that there are significant differences with regard to security and
control between Azure and EC2?

Based on the research here, both Azure and EC2 are meeting the ISO 20071 standard
and the SAS 70 audit standard. (LO: 1, Learning Outcome: Describe different
methods of managing IS security, AACSB: Analytic Skills)

Copyright © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.

 Kroenke - MIS Essentials 4th Ed - Instructor’s Manual 4

8. Many small businesses operate with local servers running in storerooms, broom
closets, and the like. Summarize the major risks of this situation. How can using a
cloud vendor that is scores well according to the standards discussed help such
companies?

Servers stored in closets are not particularly well protected in terms of physical
security or restricted access and are unlikely to meet the security standards discussed
here. Clearly the cloud services provide a much higher level of security attention and
sophistication than does the security practices of many small businesses. (LO: 1,
Learning Outcome: Describe different methods of managing IS security, AACSB:
Analytic Skills)

9. Suppose a publicly traded large organization operates its own Web farm and has
certifications indicating that it has complied with ISO 27001 and has issued a
statement of controls in accordance with SAS 70 that indicates controls are at least
adequate. Is there any reason to believe that the organization’s data assets on that
Web farm are more or less secure than they would be if stored in Azure or EC2?
Explain your answer.

About all we can say is that the in-house data assets are stored with a management
system in place that is comparable to the management system in place at several large
cloud vendors. One could argue that the cloud vendors have only one line of
business—cloud storage—and hence are more focused on the security of their data
resources. They also have more to lose if breaches occur. However, without knowing
more about the in-house hosting, we really can’t say it is any worse or any better than
the cloud options. (LO: 1, Learning Outcome: Describe different methods of
managing IS security, AACSB: Analytic Skills)

10. Based on your answers to these questions create a general statement as to the
desirability, considering only data security, of storing data on Azure and EC2 as
compared to storing it on servers managed in-house.

Cloud data security is provided by the cloud vendors and satisfies the standards for
data security that are available today. It is possible for in-house hosted data security
to conform to the same standards if the organization has devoted sufficient resources
and attention to its security management. For smaller organizations with fewer
resources devoted to data security, the cloud-based data storage may provide a much
higher level of security than is currently provided with in-house systems. (LO: 1,
Learning Outcome: Describe different methods of managing IS security, AACSB:
Analytic Skills)

USING YOUR KNOWLEDGE

6-1. Define cloud and explain the three key terms in our definition. Using Figure 6-3 as a
guide, compare and contrast cloud-based and in-house hosting. In your opinion,

Copyright © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.

 Kroenke - MIS Essentials 4th Ed - Instructor’s Manual 5

explain the three most important factors that make cloud-based hosting preferable to
in-house hosting.

The cloud is the elastic leasing of pooled computer resources that are accessed via
Internet protocols.
• Elastic: the amount of resources leased can be increased or decreased
dynamically, programmatically, in a short span of time and organizations pay for
just the resources they use.
• Pooled computer resources: many different organizations use the same physical
hardware; the hardware is shared through virtualization.
• Internet protocols: resources are accessed using standard rules that enable cloud-
hosting vendors to provide processing capabilities in flexible, yet standardized,
ways.

In-house hosting provides the organization the most control over its data resources
and enables the organization to design and implement its own security and disaster
preparedness programs. This control and assurance about security comes at a high
dollar cost, plus saddles the organization with an inflexible infrastructure with a
degree of obsolescence risk.

Cloud-based hosting provides lower-cost, flexible computing resources that can

quickly scale up or down as needed. The downside of the cloud-hosted option is
dependency on the cloud vendor, loss of control over the data location, and the
inability to directly see the true security and disaster preparedness capabilities of the
vendor.

The three factors that make cloud-based hosting preferable today are: cheap
processors, data communication and data storage; virtualization technology that
makes it possible to create a new virtual machine almost instantaneously; and Web
service standards that enable cloud-hosting vendors to provide processing capabilities
in flexible yet standardized ways. (LO: 5, Learning Outcome: Compare and contrast
different ways of connecting to the Internet, AACSB: Analytic Skills)

6-2. Apple invested more than $1 billion in the North Carolina data center shown in
Figure 6-2. For Apple to spend such a sum, it must perceive the iCloud as being a key
component of its future. Using the principles listed in Figure 3-2 (page 57) explain all
the ways that you believe the iCloud will give Apple a competitive advantage over
other mobile device vendors.

The iCloud enables Apple to offer significant enhancements to its mobile device
product line. The ability to synchronize each device’s content is an incredible
advantage, and relieves users of a common frustration when the content of their
various devices is not synchronized. This definitely differentiates Apple’s mobile
device offerings from others.

The iCloud will help to lock in customers, who will not consider moving to another

Copyright © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.

 Kroenke - MIS Essentials 4th Ed - Instructor’s Manual 6

providers devices and hence give up the advantages of the iCloud. Apple has already
moved to lock in suppliers by only accepting apps developed by committed Apple
developers. This huge investment in the iCloud data center will be difficult for new
entrants in the market to duplicate, thus raising barriers to entry. Apple should
experience lower costs with the almost self-managing data center it has created. (LO:
5, Learning Outcome: Explain how IS can be used to gain and sustain competitive
advantage, AACSB: Reflective Thinking Skills)

6-3. Suppose that you work at AllRoad Parts and Kelly tells you that she doesn’t believe
that cheap, elastic provisioning of servers is possible. “There has to be a catch
somewhere,” she says. Write a one-page memo to her explaining how the cloud
works. In your memo, include the role of standards for cloud processing.

The cloud is based on the Internet as its foundation. It also utilizes a design
philosophy called the service-oriented architecture (SOA). According to this
philosophy, all interactions among computing devices are defined as services in a
formal, standardized way. This philosophy enables all the pieces of the cloud to fit
together. For many organizations to use the cloud and to be able to mix and match
Web services, they need to agree on standard ways of formatting and processing
service requests and data. That leads us to cloud protocols and standards. The
protocols that run the Internet also support cloud processing. Four standards that are
used for Web services and the cloud are:

• WSDL (Web Services Description Language)

A standard for describing the services, inputs and outputs, and other data
supported by a Web service. Documents coded according to this standard are
machine readable and can be used by developer tools for creating programs to
access the service.
• SOAP
A protocol for requesting Web services and for sending responses to Web service
requests.
• XML (eXtensible Markup Language)
A markup language used for transmitting documents. Contains much metadata
that can be used to validate the format and completeness of the document, but
includes considerable overhead.
• JSON (JavaScript Object Notation)
A markup language used for transmitting documents. Contains little metadata and
is preferred for transmitting volumes of data between servers and browsers. While
the notation is the format of JavaScript objects, JSON documents can be
processed by any language.
(LO: 5, Learning Outcome: Compare and contrast different ways of connecting to the
Internet, AACSB: Use of Information Technology)

COLLABORATION EXERCISE 6

Copyright © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.

 Kroenke - MIS Essentials 4th Ed - Instructor’s Manual 7

1. Using the knowledge of this chapter and the intuition of the members of your team,
summarize threats that cloud services present to such ISVs.

If our business has been focused on creating and maintaining an IT infrastructure for
other businesses, it is likely that we will experience difficult times as existing
customers and new businesses choose to utilize cloud-based computing resources.
The cloud is a viable, inexpensive alternative to owning and managing computing
resources, hence, our traditional business services will no long be needed. (LO: 2,
Learning Outcome: Learning Outcome: Describe the effects of e-commerce on the
modern business world, AACSB: Reflective Thinking Skills)

2. Suppose your team owns and manages one of these ISVs. You learn that more and
more of your clients are choosing SaaS cloud services like Google for email, rather
than setting up local email servers.

a. What, if anything, can you do to prevent the encroachment of SaaS on your

business?

There is probably very little we can do to prevent the encroachment of SaaS on

our business. The economics are overwhelmingly in favor of the SaaS providers.
Perhaps we could try and keep our customers in the dark about their options that
now include the cloud, but eventually they will become aware of it and they might
resent that we were not forthcoming about the most cost effective ways for them
to obtain their computing resources. (LO: 2, Learning Outcome: Explain how IS
can be used to gain and sustain competitive advantage, AACSB: Reflective
Thinking Skills)

b. Given your answer to question 2a, identify three alternative ways you can
respond.

We could just abandon the work we have always done completely. However,
companies will still need help in determining the right cloud-based computing
options. They will need help in building their databases on the cloud. They will
need help in learning to use the cloud-based resources and they will still need
training so that their people are comfortable with the systems obtained from the
cloud vendors. (LO: 2, Learning Outcome: Explain how IS can be used to gain
and sustain competitive advantage, AACSB: Reflective Thinking Skills)

c. Which of the three responses identified in your answer to question 2b would you
choose? Justify your choice.

Students’ ideas on the responses and the best response will vary. There will be a
significant change in the ISV’s business. Under existing conditions, the business
emphasizes technical expertise. Now the ISV business will need to emphasize
detailed understanding of their customers’ needs for the cloud-based environment.
The focus will be on what you can DO with cloud-based offerings to make the

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 Kroenke - MIS Essentials 4th Ed - Instructor’s Manual 8

business more efficient and effective, not just providing the technical expertise to
create the infrastructure. Services will be very people-oriented and will be much
less technically-oriented. It is not likely that everyone on the ISV’s staff can adapt
to the more people-centered focus of the business. Some highly technical folks are
not well suited to providing training and support to business people. Some
students may feel the outlook is too pessimistic, but others will most likely focus
on new opportunities associated with helping small businesses take advantage of
the cloud successfully. (LO: 2, Learning Outcome: Explain how IS can be used to
gain and sustain competitive advantage, AACSB: Reflective Thinking Skills)

3. Even if SaaS eliminates the need for email and other local servers, there will still
remain viable services that you can provide. Name and describe those services.

Students’ ideas for services that could be provided for each of these components will
vary, but will most likely include training and support to help organizations fully
utilize these resources. (LO: 2, Learning Outcome: Explain how IS can be used to
gain and sustain competitive advantage, AACSB: Reflective Thinking Skills)

4. Suppose instead of attempting to adapt an existing ISV to the threat of cloud services,
you and your teammates decide to set up an entirely new business, one that will
succeed in the presence of SaaS and other cloud services. Looking at businesses in
and around your campus, identify and describe the IS needs those businesses will
have in the cloud services world.

Students’ ideas are likely to cover a wide range of options. For example, if your
university has a medical school, they may identify ways to create and support
telemedicine-related businesses. (LO: 2, Learning Outcome: Explain how IS can be
used to gain and sustain competitive advantage, AACSB: Reflective Thinking Skills)

5. Describe the IS services that your new business could provide for the business needs
you identified in your answer to question 4.

The purpose of telemedicine is to extend the expertise of medical specialists to

underserved locations. If we specialized in this field, we could help attract medical
talent interested in this practice, train them on how to utilize the telemedicine
capabilities, and recruit and train medical personnel in the remote areas to participate
in the telemedicine initiatives. (LO: 2, Learning Outcome: Explain how IS can be
used to gain and sustain competitive advantage, AACSB: Reflective Thinking Skills)

6. Given your answers to questions 1–5, would you rather be an existing ISV attempting
to adapt to this new world or an entirely new company? Compare and contrast the
advantages and disadvantages of each alternative.

Student responses to this question will vary. Clearly, an existing ISV will face
challenges in “reinventing” itself, especially adapting to new training roles rather than
more technical roles. A business making a fresh start doesn’t have that baggage, but
also doesn’t have the established client base as a foundation for the business. (LO: 2,

Copyright © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.

 Kroenke - MIS Essentials 4th Ed - Instructor’s Manual 9

Learning Outcome: Explain how IS can be used to gain and sustain competitive
advantage, AACSB: Reflective Thinking Skills)

7. Changing technology has, for centuries, eliminated the need for certain products and
services and created the need for new products and services. What is new, today,
however, is the rapid pace at which new technology is created and adapted. Using
cloud services as an example, create a statement of the posture that business
professionals should take with regard to technology in order to thrive in this fast-
changing environment. Notice the verb in this assignment is thrive, and not just
survive.

The most important lesson to be learned here is that technological change is constant.
While the changes can be confusing and even frightening, business professionals
should welcome the opportunities provided by new technological options and look to
the future instead of trying to cling to the past. The information technology world is
one of constant change and evolution. No company can assume their market will
remain constant over time, no matter how large it is. (LO: 2, Learning Outcome:
Explain how IS can be used to gain and sustain competitive advantage, AACSB:
Reflective Thinking Skills)

CASE STUDY 6

FinQloud Forever … Well, at Least for the Required Interval …

6-4. In your own words, summarize the dealer-broker record retention requirements.

The dealer-broker retention requirements have three elements: records of financial

transactions cannot be altered after the fact; the records must be retained for a certain
time period, and indexes must be created that permit record searches. (LO: 4,
Learning Outcome: Describe different methods of managing IS security, AACSB:
Reflective Thinking Skills)

6-5. Reread the SEC’s 2003 interpretation. In your own words, explain the difference
between “integrated hardware and software control codes” and software
applications that use “authentication and approval policies, passwords, or other
extrinsic controls.” Give an example of each.

Integrated hardware and software control codes refers to systems that combine
control features for both the hardware and software used in the system. Software
controls alone that might prevent records from being overwritten or erased through
passwords do not prevent a record from being changed or deleted. (LO: 6, Learning
Outcome: Describe different methods of managing IS security, AACSB: Analytic
Skills)

6-6. Clearly, in the view of the SEC, the likelihood of compromise of an integrated system

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 Kroenke - MIS Essentials 4th Ed - Instructor’s Manual 10

of hardware and software is considerably less than the likelihood of compromise of a

system of authentication, passwords, and procedures. Justify this view

The SEC’s position is that extrinsic controls could be readily misused to overwrite
records. The SEC believes it would be far easier to compromise such extrinsic
controls like passwords than it would be to tamper with a system of integrated
hardware and software controls. (LO: 4, Learning Outcome: Describe different
methods of managing IS security, AACSB: Analytic Skills)

6-7. Do you agree with the view in question 6-6? Why or why not?

Students may take positions on both sides of this issue, but it is not hard to believe
that systems that rely to a considerable degree on human behavior (such as the
safeguarding of passwords) is more vulnerable. (LO: 4, Learning Outcome: Describe
different methods of managing IS security, AACSB: Analytic Skills)

6-8. Investigate Jordan & Jordan (www.jandj.com) and Cohasset Associates

(www.cohasset.com). If you were a consultant to a financial institution, to what
extent would you rely on the statements of these organizations?

It will be difficult for students to answer this question just by looking at their Web
sites. They both appear to have expertise in this arena. Whether they have the
technical knowledge to evaluate the security of specific integrated hardware and
software security solutions is harder to judge. Try pushing the students beyond what
the words on the Web sites say to discover the research they would want to conduct
before relying on the statements of these organizations. (LO: 4, Learning Outcome:
Describe different methods of managing IS security, AACSB: Reflective Thinking
Skills)

6-9. If you were a consultant to a financial institution, what else might you do to verify
that FinQloud complies with the SEC ruling and its 2003 interpretation?

I would consider hiring an independent firm to perform its own assessment of

compliance. It is hard to just take the word of the companies hired by NASDAQ
OMX at face value – they had a vested interest in finding a result that made FinQloud
look good. (LO: 4, Learning Outcome: Learning Outcome: Describe different
methods of managing IS security, AACSB: Reflective Thinking Skills)

6-10. Explain how the knowledge that you have gained so far in this course helps you to
understand the SEC’s 2003 interpretation. Summarize how your knowledge would
help you if you worked for a financial institution. Cast your answers to this question
in a way that you could use in a job interview.

At this point in the course, students will be able to appreciate the vulnerability of
systems that are protected by extrinsic methods (passwords and authentication and
approval policies). The human factor introduces risk that an integrated system of

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 Kroenke - MIS Essentials 4th Ed - Instructor’s Manual 11

hardware and software controls does not share. (LO: 4, Learning Outcome: Describe
different methods of managing IS security, AACSB: Reflective Thinking Skills)

MyMISLab

6-11. Suppose you manage a sales department that uses the SaaS product
Salesforce.com. One of your key salespeople refuses to put his data into that system.
“I just don’t believe that the competition can’t steal my data, and I’m not taking that
risk.” How do you respond to him?

While this is an understandable concern, the salesperson should be reassured that the
vendor, SalesForce, is a well-established provider of CRM products. SalesForce
could not survive if its customers could not rely upon the safety and security of their
data. Perhaps the reluctant salesperson has other reasons for his resistance to this
change. I will try to determine the real underlying causes of his concerns about the
CRM product we are adopting. (LO: 4, Learning Outcome: Describe different
methods of managing IS security, AACSB: Reflective Thinking Skills).

6-12. Go to http://aws.amazon.com and search for AWS database offerings. Explain the
differences among Simple Database Service, Amazon Relational Store, and
MongoDB. Which of these three would you recommend for storing AllRoad Parts’ 3D
printing design files? (By the way, whenever you query the Internet for any AWS
product, be sure to include the keyword AWS in your search. Otherwise, your search
will result in Amazon’s lists of book about the item you’re searching for.)

These three DBMS products are part of Amazon’s Platform as a Service EC2 DBMS
offerings. Customers can obtain DBMS software as a part of the platform it obtains
from Amazon. Simple Database Service provides a DBMS that is a simple, limited-
capability, table-oriented product. Amazon Relational Store can provide either a full
version of the MySQL open-source DBMS product or a full version of the Oracle
DBMS product. MongoDB is a no-SQL DBMS product that stores objects in JSON
format. Since MongoDB is designed to be a document-storage database, it may be the
most appropriate for storing AllRoad’s 3D printing design files. (LO: 2, Learning
Outcome: Discuss best practices for using and managing databases, AACSB:
Analytic Skills)

6-13. Supposed Lucas wants AllRoad to set up a private internet, and he justifies this
request on the basis of better security. Explain why that is not a good decision, and
rebut his claim about security by suggesting that AllRoad use a VPC. Justify your
suggestion.

The major cloud service vendors employ thousands of highly trained, skilled
specialists to create, manage, administer, and improve their cloud services. It is nearly
impossible to imagine that the security they provide could be done better in a private
internet managed by the IT department at AllRoad. If security is paramount, AllRoad

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 Kroenke - MIS Essentials 4th Ed - Instructor’s Manual 12

should consider a Virtual Private Cloud, which is a subset of a public cloud with
highly restricted, secure access. (LO: 4, Learning Outcome: Describe the major types
of computer hardware and software used by companies, AACSB: Analytic Skills)

6-14. In five sentences or less, explain how the cloud will affect job prospects for you in
the next 10 years.

There will be fewer small companies providing information systems services to their
local communities. The number of employees involved in managing the computing
infrastructures associated with the cloud is relatively small. Because of the
availability of cheap computing infrastructure, there may be more startup businesses
that can quickly and cheaply acquire the computing infrastructure they need. The
demand for people who know how to create, use, and manage information systems
will continue to be strong. (LO: 5, Learning Outcome: Describe the effects of e-
commerce on the modern business world, AACSB: Reflective Thinking Skills)

Copyright © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.

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not long after his death some resident artists were discovered
counterfeiting Millet’s works and selling them to those who were
supposed to have been familiar with what he had done for more
than thirty years. The punishment meted out to these rascally
imitators was only two months in prison, and even then there were
those who regarded the penalty as too severe for the offense.
There were still more troubles to come, for Millet tried to do
some sketching out of doors, but the authorities prevented him.
Writing to Sensier in September, 1870, he says: “It is utterly
impossible for me to make a single mark of the pencil outside of the
house. I should be immediately cut down or shot. I have been
arrested twice and brought before the military authorities, and was
released only after they had inquired about me at the mayor’s office,
though they advised me strongly not even to show an indication of
holding a pencil.”
The following extracts from other letters to Sensier will illustrate
the precious patriotism of these military authorities when their own
comfort was in question, as well as let a little light upon their ardent
efforts to sustain their struggling country in its darkest days of
1870–71. He says:
“What a chance those miserable Prussians have for devastating
the country! I fear that, though touching Paris lightly at present,
they will still hold it so that they may continue their work in other
places. I fear that they will make believe to attack Paris, and under
the shadow of that pretense devastate the country of everything it
has that they need. During this time Paris will exhaust its provisions,
and, famine once there, they will do with it as they please. In
supporting the Prussians the country will eventually exhaust itself;
then will come universal famine. What do they think of all this at
Tours? There is one thing I wish to tell you: for a long time they
have sent from here to England sheep, pigs, potatoes, and every
kind of provisions, but since the war these exports have increased. A
good deal of complaint has been made, and for my part I ask myself
how they can send these things to strangers abroad—and probably
by indirect ways to the enemy—when we have so great a need for
them. How can they rob a country now given to misery, as ours is?—
for a large part of France is not only devastated but is prevented
from planting crops for the coming year.
“Naturally, you know of Gambetta’s circular for preventing the
exporting of provisions. That circular did not give details of
everything that should not be exported. The authorities here have
slyly dodged that and have permitted things to be sent away that
were not mentioned in the circular. This has almost made a
revolution. The people tried to prevent the embarking of these
articles, but the national guard surrounded the dock and the
shipment was made. I think these authorities are horrible. They let
eggs, butter, and fowls be sent away. The mayor and the prefect
should be whipped. If you can only tell Gambetta this! It appears
that a great quantity of cannon is in the arsenal here, of which no
use is made. They say that the chassepôts that came from England
were left out of doors in the rain and mud. The maritime authorities
do nothing, and the people cry out against them. It is said that there
are eight thousand sailors here who wish to go into action, but not
one is permitted to leave.
“Neither will the authorities send the cannon to Lille—those that
were ordered to be sent long ago—and Lille begs for them. Eleven
hundred cannon here, and not one used or sent away to the places
where they are needed! There are also several gunboats which the
officers say could be employed on the rivers, but they, too, are idle,
although certain officers are doing their best to have something
done with them. Why not tell Gambetta all this, so that he could give
rigid orders? Durand Ruel has sent me a thousand francs. It was
time! Oh, it was time! It will be quickly spent; and so I must work to
get more when I need it.”
Before Millet returned to Barbizon he went with his family to look
for the last time upon the scenes of his youth, to walk over the fields
that his forefathers had tilled for generations, to visit the church
where his dead had worshiped, and to sit beside their graves. It was
a pilgrimage that deeply touched every chord of his nature as it
never had been touched before.
He was conscious that he had lived an unusual life, that he had
contributed his share to his country’s glory, and that, too, when
rarely released from the awful chain of untoward circumstances. Yet
no word of bitter complaint ever escaped his lips, nor did he fully
confide his thoughts to any one. He knew that some tidings of him
had reached his native hamlet and had given pleasure to its humble
dwellers. “He longed,” says his son François, “to see whether he
could again feel his youth. I think he did, for he never seemed to be
present, not even when he told us children of the wondrous legends
of the priory of Greville.”
The following is a part of François’ story of their journey to
Gruchy.
“When we all went to Gruchy we stopped on the way at Vauville,
and as we came to the little inn we were met by a large and fine-
looking old woman who approached us as if we were princes, and
after saluting us she said very humbly: ‘Gentlemen, we haven’t
much for the table.’ ‘Haven’t you soup?’ asked Father. ‘Oh, yes!’ she
replied, ‘but do you care for that?’ ‘Certainly, we like soup,’ was the
answer. ‘Very well, then, you shall have some soup.’ ‘Have you any
butter?’ ‘Yes, we have butter.’ ‘Very well, we like butter.’ ‘Then,
gentlemen, you shall have butter, and you can eat as we do.’ ‘But I
am very hungry,’ said one of my brothers. ‘Then,’ said the woman,
‘we will kill a rabbit for the boy.’
“While we were waiting for our food we sat around a fireplace in
which was burned a kind of dry brush, thrown into it with a
pitchfork. It made a tremendous blaze, giving Father much pleasure,
and he said that that was the way they had fire when he was a boy
in the old home.
From the collection of the late Quincy A. Shaw. Half-tone plate engraved by C. W. Chadwick

THE SHEPHERD
FROM THE PASTEL BY JEAN FRANÇOIS MILLET
❏
LARGER IMAGE
 “After we had eaten we went out to make some sketches of the
church and priory. Soon after our arrival, a peasant, eighty-seven
years old, who had known my grandfather, came to the hotel to find
us and to renew his acquaintance with Father. He invited us to come
to the priory and take breakfast with his son, who lived there and
had charge of the property. We accepted the invitation, and just
before it was time to go the old man came with two carts, a large
one with rude board sides for Father, Mother, and the older children,
and a small one for the younger ones and the servant. In this way
we were trundled off to the priory, where we were very warmly
welcomed by the old man’s son.
“The dining-room was very large, with an enormous fireplace,
and great iron locks were on the doors. Our breakfast consisted of
little beans and butter. While we were eating, a half-crazy uncle of
our host sat in the fireplace, watching, as he said, for a headless
prior who continually visited the convent, entering it through the
chimney. ‘I must not let him come down,’ he said, ‘so I watch him;
but he must not know that I see him.’
“The priory is very rich in legends concerning every phase of the
life that has been lived in it for many generations. This man had
cared for it since it had been used as one of the buildings of a farm;
and, in cultivating the ground, had lived so secluded a life, and dwelt
so constantly upon the history of the priory, that he had become
insane, his head turned in faithfulness to duty.
“The priory is on a hill, while the village of Vauville is below, near
the sea, and hidden from the building.
“On entering the church at Vauville we encountered the curé,
who appeared very curious and desirous to talk with strangers, as
they very seldom come there. While Father was looking at the
picture over the altar, he said, ‘It is not bad; it has good color’;
whereupon the curé, who had come up hurriedly, remarked, ‘You are
looking at the picture, I see. It seems to interest you.’ ‘Yes,’ said
Father. ‘Ah, well, I can tell you who painted it—one Mouchel, a child
of Cherbourg. I don’t know how much he is known away from us,
but he had a pupil who was helped by the city of Cherbourg and has
now become known as a man of great talent.’
“The curé was very polite, and he conducted us to the door
without dreaming that he had seen the pupil of Mouchel, though
Father was that person.
“One day when we were in the café of the inn, a little old man
with large blue eyes came to the door and looked at Father, and said
in the patois of the locality, which consists more of movements of
the head, peculiar accents of words, and of pauses, than of a full
language, ‘Ah! do you know? Yes.’ Then Father’s chin moved upward
in deep emotion. ‘Ah! I knew you when you were a little toad. We
are old now. Ah, changes have come! You know it.’ ‘Come in,’ said
Father, still more affected, pointing to a chair and table. Then
turning to me, with his head close to my ear, he whispered, ‘It is
Peter, our old servant. He took care of my father when he died, as
well as all the rest of the family.’ After Father had become somewhat
composed, he said to the innkeeper, ‘Give Peter all he wants.’ ‘Oh, I
want nothing now, but to see you. To go back into the years. Ah, we
are old now!’ This was too much for Father, and, rising to go out, he
said quietly to the innkeeper, ‘He is now a drunkard, but give him
everything.’
“One night at the little inn, the wind blew a real tempest; it was
fearfully dark and the roar of the sea was something terrific, so the
proprietor said to his servant, who was putting thorns on the fire to
make a great blaze, as if to calm the elements outside, ‘How would
you like to go on such a night as this to the priory?’ ‘Oh, I don’t
know,’ he replied, ‘there are things you cannot reason about, and
happenings you had better keep away from. Perhaps it would be
better to stay at home on a night like this. The old boy up there is
not a good sleeper. He is out and around nights like this, watching
his stacks of grain, for he, as you know, though very learned, is in
league with the devil in some way. At any rate, the devil has
something to do with him. He always looks at me suspiciously, as if I
had stolen his wheat, though he knows well enough that it was the
devil that did it. For, even in the daytime, when he counts his
sheaves, there are always some lacking, and in the night still more
are missing. He can’t even drink his own cider without the devil
hiding his pitcher and playing all sorts of tricks with him. No, it’s
better to stay indoors when things outside are so uncertain.’

From the collection of the late Quincy A. Shaw. Half-tone plate engraved by H. Davidson
 THE LESSON IN KNITTING
FROM THE PAINTING BY JEAN FRANÇOIS MILLET
❏
LARGER IMAGE

“The proprietor of the inn had been a cook in Paris, but had
returned to his native hamlet to live the rest of his days. He soon
began to talk, perhaps to please us, as we said nothing. ‘They are
strange men, those of this country,’ he began; ‘I myself have been in
Paris, and I have seen many things; but I could not stay away from
here, and so I came back. You see, sir, we people of these parts
cannot live away. I don’t know why, but there is no place like our
own land. So I came back from Paris to spend the time still left to
me. But there was one who did not come back. Nor is this country
without its interest. Many years ago a young fellow named Millet
lived near here, and he had the strange fancy to be a painter,
making pictures on cloth, sir, and, almost incredible as it may seem,
he went to Paris. Going to Paris nowadays is nothing, but then it was
a very serious matter. They do say that though he had much trouble
he had courage also, and has succeeded, so that he is on the road
to celebrity and has become a great honor to his country. A man of
much talent, of whom we are all very proud.’ Father said nothing,
but I saw he was smiling broadly. When we left the inn for good, the
proprietor looked at Father very carefully, as if he suspected that he
had not entertained an ordinary traveler; and finally, his suspicions
evidently growing, he said, ‘I remember the physiognomy of the
Millets, who were well known along this coast as fine-looking men.’
We could see that he was ready to ask whether Father was not the
young fellow who went to Paris. His curiosity was gratified later.
From the collection of the late Quincy A. Shaw. Half-tone plate engraved by G. M. Lewis

PEASANT WOMAN AND CHURN

FROM THE DRAWING BY JEAN FRANÇOIS MILLET
❏
LARGER IMAGE
 “When we visited the graveyard at Greville, where our ancestors
were buried, and found their graves, which had no headstones and
the wooden crosses of which had long ago gone to dust, we saw
that they were covered thickly with weeds nearly as high as our
heads. I said nothing, but pointed to them as if asking which
member of the family each grave contained; and Father, also
pointing, simply said, ‘Father, Mother, Grandmother,’ and so on
through the family category. Waiting awhile, much affected, he
repeated, as only he could, the words, ‘Oh, the high weeds where
sleep the dead!’
“In a few days we went there again and found a man cutting the
weeds. Father asked him why he was doing so. ‘To sell them,’ he
replied. ‘Sell!’ exclaimed Father. ‘Do you say that you are selling the
weeds from the graves?’ ‘Yes.’ ‘Does the curé know of it?’ ‘Know of
it? Of course he does. He consents to it and thinks it a good thing to
do.’ Then, as if speaking to himself, Father said, ‘Ah! the heart has
left this place. You are men no more. And the curé—!’
“It was in November, 1870, that Father made the sketch of the
superb marine, which he painted in the spring of the next year and
sent to Ruel.[1] He made also a great number of sketches and
drawings of places near Greville and Vauville, as well as of the priory.
Father loved every inch of the earth of his native hamlet. It is a
wonderful land.
“We lived in M. Feuardent’s house in Cherbourg, Father doing his
work in an ordinary room with no special light facilities. He desired
very much to make some pictures of the country and sea around
Cherbourg, but the authorities told him that he must not even carry
a pencil or a note-book. It was in Cherbourg that he made the
drawings of ‘The Milk-maid,’ from sketches taken in Greville.”

[1] Owned by the estate of the late Quincy A. Shaw, of

Boston, Massachusetts.
HOUSE-WITHOUT-ROOF
BY EDITH M. THOMAS
HOUSE-WITHOUT-ROOF my house I called,
Whether in palaces I dwelt
Or lowly cot, clay-paved and walled;
And, if at wayside cross I knelt,
Or if at shrine, for me the place
Dissolved into hypæthral space.

Beside the fire on mine own hearth,

While household hours slipped softly by,
With those most dearly loved on earth,
Still would the ceiling fade on high;
And, as the sparks my fire up-sent,
My soul escaped above, unpent.

The lightnings oftentimes she drew,

And crossed the wingèd migrants’ flight;
She sought her roof in midday blue,
Where tender cloud-weft fails from sight—
In evening-red’s ethereal bars—
Or vault of night with brede of stars.

She sought—but higher yet must rise

The courses of her mansionry;
Beyond these skies to Other Skies,
Its walls cut through so sheer, so free;
Beyond the brede of stars, aloof,
I look—but nowhere find a Roof!
 THE MAN WHO DID NOT GO TO
HEAVEN ON TUESDAY
BY ELLIS PARKER BUTLER
Author of “Pigs is Pigs,” “Long Sam ‘Takes Out,’” etc.

U NCLE NOAH PRUTT, sitting in the front row of seats, leaned

forward and put his hand behind his ear, vainly seeking to hear
what his wife was saying to Judge Murphy. From time to time he
stood up, trying to hear the better, but each time the lanky
policeman pushed him back into his seat.
“Judge, yer Honor,” said the policeman, after the fifth time, “this
man here has nawthin’ t’ do with th’ case, an’ he’s disthurbin’ th’
coort. Shall I thrun him out?”
“Let him be, Flaherty, let him be!” said the justice, carelessly, and
at the words Uncle Noah arose and came forward to the black
walnut bar that separated the raised platform of the justice from the
rest of the room.
“Ah pleads not guilty, Judge!” said Uncle Noah, laying one
trembling hand on the rail and pushing forward his ear with the
other. He was a coal black Negro, with close-kinked white hair that
looked like a white wig. His nose was large and flattened against his
face, and his eyeballs were streaked with brown veins that gave him
a dissipated look. He was the type of Negro that, at fifty, claims
eighty years of age, and, so judged, Uncle Noah Prutt might have
been anywhere between sixty and one hundred and ten. As he stood
at the bar his black face bore a look of the most deeply pained
resentment, and his thick lower lip protruded loosely as a sign of
woe.
 “Sit down!” shouted both the justice of the peace and the
policeman, and, with his lip hanging still lower, Uncle Noah backed
into his seat. He sat as far forward as he could, and leaned his head
still farther forward.
“Who is that man?” asked the justice of no one in particular.
“Him? He’s mah husban’,” said the young colored woman, with a
slight up-tilt of her nose. “Yo’ don’ need to pay no ’tention to him at
all, Jedge. Ah ain’ ask him to come yere. He ain’ yere in no capacity
but audjeence, he ain’.”
“He has no connection with this case?” asked the justice.
“No, sah!” said the young woman, decidedly.
“If he makes any more trouble, Flaherty,” said the justice, “put
him out of the court. Now, what is this trouble, Sally?”
The young woman standing against the bar was fit to be classed
as a beauty. Well-formed, with a rich yellow skin through which the
blood glowed in her cheeks, with masses of black hair and her head
carried high, she was superb, even in her cheap print wrapper. Even
the fact that her feet were hideous in a pair of broken and run-down
shoes of the sort worn by men did not impair her general
appearance of an injured brown Venus seeking justice, and when
she glanced at the prisoner her bosom heaved with anger and her
brown eyes glowed dangerously.
The prisoner sat humped down in a chair in an attitude of the
most profound dejection. He was of a darker brown than the
woman, and so loose of joint that when he moved he flopped. His
feet were so large as to be almost grotesque, and he was so thin
that the bones of his shoulders were outlined by his light coat. But
as he sat in the prisoner’s seat his face was the most noticeable
feature. It was thin and long for a Negro, but with such high and
prominent cheek-bones that his eyes seemed hidden in deep caves,
and the eyes were like those of a dog that knows he is to be beaten.
His wide mouth hung far down at the corners. He was a picture of
the utterly crushed, the utterly helpless, the utterly hopeless. He was
the shiftless Negro, with the last ray of hope extinguished. He had
but one thing to look forward to, and that was the worst. As the
justice asked Sally the question the prisoner’s mouth sagged a bit
farther at the ends, and his eyes took a still sadder dullness.
“Yo’ ain’ miss it none when yo’ asks whut am dis trouble, Jedge,”
said Sally, angrily. “Dis yere ain’ nuttin’ but trouble, an’ I gwine ask
yo’ to send dis yere Silas to jail forebber an’ ebber. Yassah! An’ den
he ain’ gwine be in jail long enough to suit me. An’ Ah gwine ask yo’
to declare damages ag’inst him, fo’ huhtin’ mah feelin’s, an’ fo’ tryin’
to drown me, an’ fo’ abductin’ me away from dat poor ol’ no-’count
Noah whut am mah husban’, an’ fo’ alieamatin’ mah affections, on’y
he couldn’t. When Ah whack him awn de head wid dat bed-slat—”
“Now, one minute,” said the justice, raising his hand. “Flaherty,
what do you know about this case?”
“Well, yer Honor,” said the policeman, in the confidential tone an
officer of the law assumes when he feels that he, and he only, can
explain matters, “th’ way ut was was this way: I was walkin’ me beat
up there awn Twilf’ Strate this mawrnin’, like I always does, whin I
heard a yellin’ an’ a shoutin’. So I run into th’ lot—”
“What lot?” asked Justice Murphy.
“’Twas betwane Olive an’ Beech Strates, yer Honor. This here deff
man, Noah Prutt, lives in a shack-like there, facin’ awn th’ strate. Th’
vacant lot is full iv thim hazel-brushes an’ what all I dunno.”
“You said there was a shanty on the lot. How could it be a vacant
lot if there was a shanty on it?” asked the justice.
“Now, yer Honor,” said Flaherty, with an ingratiating smile,
“there’s moore than wan lot in th’ wurrld, ain’t there? Th’ lot this
Noah Prutt lives awn is wan iv thim. And th’ nixt wan is another iv
thim. An’ th’ nixt wan t’ that is th’ third iv thim, an’ th’ ould Darky
owns all iv thim, and iv th’ three iv thim but wan is vacant, and
that’s th’ middle wan. There’s a shanty awn th’ furrst wan, and
there’s a shanty awn th’ thurrd wan, an’ as I was sayin’, there’s
nawthin’ awn th’ vacant wan excipt brush-like, an’ mebby a few
trees, an’ some tin cans, an’ whatnot.”
“Very good!” said his honor. “Go ahead.”
“Well, sor,” said Flaherty, “this Prutt an’ this wife iv his lives in th’
furrst shanty, but th’ other wan is vacant excipt whin ’t is occupied.
Th’ ould man rints ut now an’ again, an’ a dang lonely habitation ut
is, set ’way back fr’m th’ strate, like ut is. So here I was, comin’
along, whin I hear th’ racket in th’ vacant lot, an’ whin I got there
amidst th’ hazel-brush here was this Sally a-hammerin’ this Silas
over th’ head wid a bed-slat, an’ him yellin’ bloody-murdther. So I
tuck thim up, th’ bot’ iv thim, yer Honor.”
“And that’s all you know of the case?” asked the judge.
“Excipt what she tould me,” said Flaherty.
“And what was that?” asked Judge Murphy.
“Ut was what previnted me from arristin’ her for assault an’
batthery,” said Flaherty, “for if iver a man was assaulted an’
batthered, this same Silas was. She can wield a bed-slat like a
warryor.”
“Ah’d ’a’ killed him! Ah’d ’a’ killed him shore!” said Sally.
“She w’u’d!” said Flaherty, briefly. “Thim Naygurs have th’ harrd
heads, but wan more whack an’ he’d iv had a crack in th’ cranyum.
So I wrested th’ bed-slat from her. Th’ place looked like there’d been
a war, yer Honor. Plinty iv thim hazel-brushes she’d mowed down
wid th’ bed-slat thryin’ t’ murdther him. An’ whin I heard th’ sthory, I
did not blame her.”
“I have been waiting patiently to hear it myself,” said the justice.
“Accordin’ t’ th’ lady,” said Flaherty, “she’s a respictable married
woman, yer Honor, bound in th’ clamps iv wedlock to this Noah
Prutt, an’ niver stheppin’ t’ wan side iv th’ path iv wifely duty or to
th’ other. ’Tis nawthin’ t’ us why a foine-lookin’ gurrl like her sh’u’d
marry an’ ould felly like him. Maybe him havin’ two houses
atthracted her. I dunno. But, annyway, she’s had t’ wash th’ wolf
from th’ doore.”
“Had to do what?” asked the justice.
“Go out doin’ week’s wash t’ kape food in th’ house,” explained
Flaherty. “For th’ ould man will not wurrk much. He’s got that used t’
livin’ awn th’ rint iv th’ exthra shanty, ye see. An’ there’s been no rint
comin’ in this long whiles, for th’ prisoner at th’ bar has been th’
tinint iv th’ shanty, an’ he ped no rint at all.”
“Why not?” asked the justice.
“Well, sor,” said Flaherty, rubbing the hair at the back of his neck
and grinning, “th’ lady here says he’s been that busy coortin’ her
he’s had no time t’ wurrk. ’Twas nawthin’ fr’m wan ind iv th’ week till
th’ other but, ‘Will ye elope wid me, darlint?’ an’, ‘Come now, l’ave th’
ould man an’ be me own turtle-dove!’”
“Ah tol’ him Ah gwine murder him ef he gwine keep up dat-a-way
of proceedin’!” cried Sally, shrilly. “Ah tol’ him! Ah say, ‘Go on away,
you wuthless deadbeat Nigger! Wha’ don’ you pay yo’ rent like a
man, befo’ yo’ come talkin’ ’bout supportin’ a lady?’ Dass whut Ah
tol’ him, Jedge. An’ whut he say? He say, ‘Sally gal! Ah gwine nab yo’
an’ hab yo’. Ah gwine steal yo’ an’ lock yo’ up, an’ nail yo’ up, an’
keep yo’!’ Dass whut he say. An’ he done hit!”
“Stole you, and locked you up?” asked the judge.
“Yassah!” cried Sally, glaring at the trembling Silas. “He lock me
up, an’ he nail me up, an’ he try to drown me, ef Ah ain’ say whut he
want me to say. Dat low-down, hypocritical Nigger! Yassah! Ah tole
him, ‘Silas, ef yo’ don’ go way an’ leave me alone Ah gwine tek mah
hands an’ Ah gwine yank all de wool right offen yo’ haid!’ Dass whut
Ah say, Jedge. An’ Ah say, ‘Ef yo’ don’ shet up Ah gwine tear yo’ eyes
out!’ An’ Ah means it. Talkin’ up to me like dat! An’ den whut he do?”
She held out her hand toward the dejected Silas and shook her
finger at him.
 “Den whut he do? He see Ah ain’ to be coax’ dat-a-way, ’cause
he a no-’count Nigger, an’ he let on he purtind he get religion an’
wuk on mah feelin’s. Yassah! ’Cause he know Ah’s religious mahsilf
an’ he cogitate how he come lak a snake in de grass an’ cotch me
whin Ah ain’ thinkin’ no meanness of him. So long come dish yere
prophet-man, whut call hisself Obediah, whut get all de Niggers wuk
up an’ a-shoutin’ over yonder on de ol’ camp groun’s. Ah am’ tek no
stock in dat Obediah prophet-man, Jedge, ’cause Ah a good Baptis’,
lak mah husban’ yonder; but plinty of de black folks dey run to him,
an’ dey hear him perorate an’ carry on, an’ dey get sot in dere minds
dat dey gwine to hebben las’ Tuesday night whin de sun set. Yassah,
dass whut dey think, ’cause de prophet-man he pretch dat-a-way.
An’ dis yere Silas he let on he gwine to hebben along wid de rest of
de folks.”
She let her lip curl scornfully.
“Him a-gwine to hebben!” she scoffed. “But Ah ain’ but half
believe he got religion lak he say. Ah say, ‘Luk out, Sally! Ef he gwine
to hebben nex’ Tuesday let him go; an’ if he ain’ gwine, let him
alone.’ But yo’ look at him, Jedge! Jes look at him! He ain’ look so
dangeroos, is he? An’ whin he come to me an’ say, ‘Sally, Ah done
got quit of de ol’ Nick whut was in me, an’ Ah gwine be lak dat no
mo’,’ Ah jes got to believe him. Yassah! He dat pernicious meek an’
lowly an’ sorrumful-like dat Ah ain’ suspict no divilment at all. ‘Ah
feel troubled in mah conscience,’ he say, ‘’cause Ah been tryin’ to
lead yo’ on de wrong paff, an’ Ah can’t go to hebben nex’ Tuesday
les’ yo’ forgib me,’ he say, an’ he look so downheart’ an’ seem lak he
so set on gwine to hebben wid de rest ob de folks, dat Ah say, ‘All
right, Silas, Ah don’ hold no hard feelin’s. Ef yo’ don’ bodder me no
more, Ah forgib yo’ whut is pas’ an’ done for, but ef yo’ gwine to
hebben yo’ better clean up yo’ house an’ put hit in order, lak de Book
say, before yo’ start, ’cause ef yo’ don’ yo’ gwine get sint back,
shore!’ So he let on lak dat how he think, too. He purtind to thank
me kinely fo’ dat recommindation, an’ he ask’ c’u’d Ah lind him a
scrub pail an’ a mop an’ a broom, twell he clean up he house. An’ I
so done.
 “Dass all right! He scrub, an’ he wash, an’ he clean, an’ he move
all he furniture out in de lot, an’ he clean, an’ he wash, an’ he scrub!
He ain’ wuk lak dat fo’ months, Jedge. So den Ah think shore he got
religion, lak he let on. So, come Monday, Ah got a job down to Mis’
Gilbert’s scrubbin’ her house, an’ Ah jes got to hab dat pail an’ dat
mop an’ dat broom. So Ah tell Noah whut job Ah got, an’ Ah say,
‘Noah, Ah gwine down to Mis’ Gilbert’s house, fo’ to help clean
house, an’ ef she want me, Ah gwine stay right dah twell de house
all clean’ up.’ Cause dat a long perambulation down to Mis’ Gilbert’s
house, Jedge, an’ ef she ask me to stay a couple o’ days, Ah gwine
save mah breakfas’ an’ mah suppah whilst Ah stay down yonder. So
Ah go outen de house an’ Ah walk down de street twell Ah come to
de gate whut lead up to Silas’ house, an’ Ah walk up de paff, an’ Ah
knock on de do’. Nobody say nuffin’! Ah knock ag’in. Nobody say
nuffin’! Ah open de do’ gintly, an’ Ah peek in. Ain’ nobody in de
shack at all. So Ah steps in, fo’ to get mah pail an’ mah mop an’ mah
broom.
“Dab dey set, right by de do’, an’ excipt fo’ dem, dey ain’ nuffin’
in de shack at all but de straw outen Silas he’s bed, an’ dat all
scatter aroun’ lak to dry an’ air out. Excipt dey one bed-slat whut Ah
calculate Silas he keep handy fo’ to whack at de rats, which am
mighty pestiferous about dat shack. So whin Ah seen he done clean
up yeverything as neat as a pin, my heart soften unto him. Ah jes
gwine feel sorry fo’ him, de leas’ little bit. So Ah gwine look in de
cupboard to see ef he got plenty to eat—an’ he ain’ got nuffin’ in de
cupboard but a box of matches, an’ dat all! So Ah feel right smart
sorry I been scold him lak I do, an’ Ah gwine pick up mah pail an’
mah mop an’ mah broom whin—bang!—de do’ go shut an’ Ah all in
de dark.”
“Some one shut the door?” asked the justice.
“He shet de do’!” shouted Sally, shrilly, pointing her finger at the
trembling Silas. “He shet de do’, an’ he lock de do’, an’ he start to
nail de do’, lak he say he would! Yassah! Ah bang mahsilf ag’inst de
do’ an’ Ah yell an’ shout, an’ de do’ don’t budge, ’cause hit locked.
An’ all de while—bam! bam! bam!—he nailin’ de do’ from de outside.
Ah poun’ wif mah fists an’ Ah peck up mah pail an’ slam at de do’
twell de pail all bus’ to pieces, an’ Ah bang mah mop to pieces, but—
bam! bam! bam!—he go on nailin’.”
She paused for breath, and Silas opened his mouth, as if to
speak, but closed it again.
“Yassah!” she shrilled, glaring at Silas, “he nail up de do’ so Ah
can’t budge hit, an’ whin Ah try de windows, dey nailed up too.”
“There’s two iv thim doors,” explained Flaherty, “an’ both iv thim
open outward. He’d nailed sthrips acrost thim. Th’ two windys has
wooden shutters, and he’d nailed thim fast.”
“What!” exclaimed Justice Murphy. “He nailed the woman in?”
“He did, sor!”
“But—but this is outrageous!” exclaimed the justice.
All three glared at the dejected Silas, and did not see Noah Prutt
as he arose from his chair.
“Make him pay, Jedge! Make him pay!” cried Noah, eagerly.
“Sit ye down!” cried Flaherty, in a voice of thunder, and Noah
subsided. On the edge of his chair he nodded like a toy mandarin.
He understood that things were going badly for Silas, and that was
enough to please him. Sally turned to him and shouted in his ear.
“Shet up an’ stay shet!” she cried. “This is none of yo’ business,
Noah. Ah gwine manage this mahsilf!”
The old man smiled and nodded his willingness. As she turned
away he touched her on the arm.
“Thutty dollahs,” he said, and nodded and smiled again.
“Thutty nuffin’s!” she muttered. “Ah guess yo’ Honor will know
whut Ah ought to get from dat Silas, an’ whut he ought to get from
yo’. ’Cause Ah suffer a heap o’ distress of min’ an’ body whilst Ah
been shet up in dat shanty dem three days.”
 “Three days!” exclaimed the justice.
“Yassah! Ah been nail up in dat shanty three days an’ three
nights,” said Sally, “an’ all dat time Ah been pestered an’ annoyed.
Ah been sploshed on mah feet an’ Ah been hungry an’ col’, an’ Ah
been insulted. Dat Silas he jus’ hong roun’ dat shanty to make me
mizzable, but Ah ain’ give in one bit. No, sah! Ah’d a-died fus’. Fus’
off Ah bang on de do’ an’ Ah bang on de windows, an’ Ah keep
wahm, an’ whin Ah get col’ Ah pile some straw in de fireplace an’ Ah
get dem matches an’ Ah mek me a straw fire. An’ prisintly Ah hear
Silas scramble-scramble on de roof. ‘Whut he up to now?’ Ah say;
‘He gwine try climb down de chimbly? Ef he do Ah whack him wid de
bed-slat twell he mighty sorry he try dat.’ But he ain’ try hit. No, sah!
Splosh! come a pail of wahtah down de chimbly, an’ out go mah fire,
an’ mah feet suttinly get sopped. An’ Silas he say, down de chimbly,
lak he voice all clog up wif laughin’, ‘Ain’ gone to hebben yit! Ain’
gone to hebben yit!’ an’ splosh! yere come anudder pail of wahtah.”
“Why, this is no case for me,” said the justice. “This man should
be bound over to the Grand Jury!”
“Ah don’ care whut yo’ bind him to, so as yo’ bind him good an’
strong,” said Sally, vindictively. “Yevery time Ah try to get wahm by
makin’ a fire, down come dat pail of wahtah an’ splosh mah feet,
twell Ah think he try to drown me. ‘Ain’ gone to hebben yit!’ he
shout’. Hit right col’ in dat shanty, Jedge. Hit pernicious col’. Dat
wahtah freeze on de flo’, an’ hit freeze on mah shoes, an’ Ah get
hungrier an’ hungrier, an’ Ah shout an’ Ah rage, an’ all he say is, ‘Ain’
gone to hebben yit! Ain’ gone to hebben yit!’ Ah bet he ain’! Whin de
time come he gwine somewheres ilse!”
“How did you get out, finally?” asked the justice.
“Ah keep maulin’ at de do’ wif dat bed-slat all de whiles,” said
Sally. “Dat a mahty fine piece of bed-slat, dat is. An’ prisintly, whin
Ah about to drap wid hunger an’ col’ an’ die where Ah drap, Ah beat
a hol’ in de do’. ‘Ain’ gone to hebben yit!’ he ’low, an’ whack at de
bed-slat wif a club, but Ah right smart mad, an’ Ah pry an’ Ah wuk,
an’ prisintly Ah pry off one board. An’ when he see Ah gwine win out
he scoot. Yassah! He scoot. Ah ’low he run away ’cause he afraid,
but dass not hit. No, suh! He gwine fotch an ax, fo’ to nail up dat do’
ag’in. So prisintly Ah wuk dat do’ open an’ Ah step out, an’ whut Ah
see? Ah see dat Silas a-standin’ yere in de paff, wid he ax in he hand
an’ he mouf wide open, lak Ah been a ghos’. ‘Ain’ gone to hebben
yit, her?’ Ah say; ‘Well, if yo’ ain’ gone yit, yo’ gwine mighty soon!’
an’ I wint fo’ him wif de bed-slat, an’ he yell lak blazes whilst Ah
gwine murder him. An’ dat how-come de pleeceman heah him an’
save he life.”
The justice folded his hands, his fingers working nervously, as if
they longed to take hold of the throat of the dispirited prisoner.
“In all my experience,” he said, “this is the most outrageous case
I have ever met! I am only sorry I am not the proper official to try
this case. I hope this man gets the full penalty of the law. I can’t
express—”
He shook his head.
“Whatever possessed you?” he asked the shrinking Silas.
“His Honor is speakin’ t’ ye!” cried Flaherty, poking Silas with his
baton. “Spake up whin he addrisses ye! Why did ye do ut?”
“Ah—” began Silas, in a thin, scared voice.
“Sthand up whin ye addriss th’ coort!” said Flaherty, and Silas
stood.
As he stood there was nothing about him that suggested the
fiery lover. His drooping shoulders and general air of long-permanent
shiftlessness almost gave the lie to the idea that he could have taken
the trouble to carry a pail of water to a roof. He looked as if to walk
at a shambling gait was about the extreme of any exertion of which
he was possible.
“Ah didn’ do hit,” he said weakly, and sat down again.
“Now! now!” said Justice Murphy, sharply. “None of that!”
 “Sthand up whin his Honor addrisses ye!” said Flaherty.
“Ah don’ know nuffin’ about hit, Jedge,” said Silas, in a squeaky
voice as he half lifted himself out of the chair. “Ah’ll tell yo’ all whut
Ah know. Ah wint away from mah shanty Monday, ’cause Ah got to
yearn a dollar fo’ to buy a white robe fo’ to go to hebben in Tuesday,
an’ Ah chop a cord ob wood an’ yearn mah dollar an’ buy mah white
robe. An’ dat night all de prophet’s folks spind de night on de hilltop,
a-waitin’ fo’ de dawn ob de great day, an’ a-prayin’ an’ a-singin’ an’
a-fastin’. An’ Tuesday Ah spint awn de hilltop like dat, a-prayin’ an’ a-
singin’ an’ a-fastin’ twell de sun sh’u’d set. An’ whin de sun set
nuffin’ happen. No, sah. Nobody go nowheres, an’ dey ain’ no
prophet no mo’, fo’ he wint away wid whut he done collicted up
endurin’ de revival. So whin dat come about Ah quite pertickler
hungry, an’ Ah go fo’th t’ yearn some money fo’ to get mah food an’
to pay whut Ah owe Noah, ’cause he been pesterin’ me about he
rint. So Ah get some wood to chop, an’ I chop hit. An’ bime-by, whin
Ah chop all dat wood, Ah guess Ah’ll go home, an’ Ah go home. An’
whin Ah retch mah shanty, Ah see de do’ bruk, an’ somebody a-
yammerin’ on hit, an’ whilst Ah look, out sprong dis Sally Prutt an’
whack me on de haid wid a bed-slat, an’ holler, ‘Ain’ gone to hebben
yit! Ain’ gone to hebben yit!’ lak she done gwine crazy, an’ ebbery
time she whack she holler, an’ ebbery time she holler she whack. So
I gwine get away from dere quick, an’ whin Ah run, she run, an’ she
shore gwine murder me, ef dish yere pleeceman am’ come an’ stop
her.”
“Just so!” said Justice Murphy, sarcastically. “And you were not
near the shanty at all? And you did not nail this woman in it? And
you did not pour water down the chimney?”
“No, sah,” said Silas, in a frightened voice.
“Oh, you brack liah!” said Sally, angrily.
“And I suppose you never said, ‘Ain’t gone to heaven yet!’ did
you?” said the judge. “You never heard those words, did you?”
 Silas looked from side to side, and his lower lip trembled. His
back took a more disconsolate droop. There are no words in the
English language to describe how utterly downcast and hopeless and
woe-saturated he looked. Milton came near it when he said
something about “Below the lowest depths still lower depths—” In
woe Silas was in depths a couple of stories lower than that.
“Well?” said the justice, sharply.
“Answer his Honor whin he addrisses ye!” shouted Flaherty, and
Silas moistened his lips and gulped.
“No, sah! Ah—Ah ain’ hear them wuds perzackly, nevah befo’. Ah
ain’ heah, ‘Ain’ gone to hebben.’ Ah jes heah ‘Ain’ gwine to hebben.’”
“Oh, you did hear that, did you?” said the justice. “Who said
that?”
Silas stared at his boot. He blinked a couple of times, and then
spoke.
“Ol’ Noah, he say thim wuds,” he said. The judge turned to the
old Negro on the chair in the front row, and pointed at him.
“That Noah?” he asked. “Is that the man?”
“Yassah,” said Silas, sadly. “Dass de man. He say hit.”
Old Noah, seeing that the conversation was veering his way,
arose and came forward, his hand behind his ear and expectation in
his face.
“Thutty dollahs, Jedge!” he said eagerly. “Dass de right amount.
Thutty dollahs.”
“You go set down!” yelled his wife in his ear, but the old man
shook his head.
“Ain’ he gwine pay hit?” he asked resentfully. “Ain’ de jedge
gwine mek him pay hit? Whaffo’ Ah nail up de shack ef he ain’ gwine
pay hit?”
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