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Malloc

The document explains different types of memory allocation in C programming, including static, register, external, auto, malloc, calloc, and realloc. It provides code examples for each type, illustrating how they are used to allocate and manage memory. Additionally, it mentions the use of 'free' to deallocate memory and prevent memory leaks.

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6 views6 pages

Malloc

The document explains different types of memory allocation in C programming, including static, register, external, auto, malloc, calloc, and realloc. It provides code examples for each type, illustrating how they are used to allocate and manage memory. Additionally, it mentions the use of 'free' to deallocate memory and prevent memory leaks.

Uploaded by

realmonyet69
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Malloc

Static
Memory allocated during compile time.

Ex:

#include<stdio.h>

int helpme(){
static int y = 0;
y++;
return y;
}

int main(){
int t = 10;
for (int i = 0; i < t; i++)
{
printf("Helped me for %d time\n", helpme());
}

return 0;
}
Register
Memory allocated inside a register.

Ex:

#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
register int i = 20;
int* a = &i;
printf("%d", *a);
return 0;
}

External Variable
Memory allocated elsewhere and not within the same block where it is used.
Ex:
main.cpp

#include<stdio.h>
extern int n;
int main(){
printf("%d", n);
return 0;
}

Ext.cpp

int n = 12;

Auto
Memory allocated within the block/function they have been declared (which defines their scope).
Ex:

#include<stdio.h>
int main(){
auto t = 10;
for (int i = 1; i <= t; i++)
{
printf("Helped me for %d time\n", i);
}

return 0;
}
Malloc
Used to dinamically allocate a single large block of memory.

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

int main()
{
int* ptr;
int n, i;

printf("Enter number of elements:");


scanf("%d",&n);
printf("Entered number of elements: %d\n", n);

ptr = (int*)malloc(n * sizeof(int));

if (ptr == NULL) {
printf("Memory not allocated.\n");
exit(0);
}
else {
for (i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
ptr[i] = i + 1;
}

printf("The elements of the array are: ");


for (i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
printf("%d, ", ptr[i]);
}
}

return 0;
}
Calloc
Used to dynamically allocate the specified number of blocks of memory of the specified type.

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

int main()
{
int* ptr;
int n, i;

n = 5;
printf("Enter number of elements: %d\n", n);

ptr = (int*)calloc(n, sizeof(int));

if (ptr == NULL) {
printf("Memory not allocated.\n");
exit(0);
}
else {
printf("Memory successfully allocated using calloc.\n");

for (i = 0; i < n; ++i) {


ptr[i] = i + 1;
}

printf("The elements of the array are: ");


for (i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
printf("%d, ", ptr[i]);
}
}

return 0;
}
Realloc
Used to reallocate the given area of memory.

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

int main()
{
int* ptr;
int n, i;

n = 5;
printf("Enter number of elements: %d\n", n);

ptr = (int*)calloc(n, sizeof(int));

if (ptr == NULL) {
printf("Memory not allocated.\n");
exit(0);
}
else {

printf("Memory successfully allocated using calloc.\n");

for (i = 0; i < n; ++i) {


ptr[i] = i + 1;
}

printf("The elements of the array are: ");


for (i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
printf("%d, ", ptr[i]);
}

n = 10;
printf("\n\nEnter the new size of the array: %d\n", n);

ptr = (int*)realloc(ptr, n * sizeof(int));

if (ptr == NULL) {
printf("Reallocation Failed\n");
exit(0);
}

printf("Memory successfully re-allocated using realloc.\


n");

for (i = 5; i < n; ++i) {


ptr[i] = i + 1;
}

printf("The elements of the array are: ");


for (i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
printf("%d, ", ptr[i]);
}
free(ptr);
}

return 0;
}

[*]free = used to deallocate the memory to prevent memory leak.

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