10210MA102-Calculus and Ordinary Differential Equations

CO1 Identifying the functions to solve the positive term series K3

UNIT I FUNCTIONS AND SERIES L–9 + T–3

Functions and Models -Trigonometric functions

Exponential function

Inverse functions

Logarithms

Sequences and Series – Convergence and Divergence of a sequence

Series – nth term test, Ratio test, Root test, Comparison test, and Integral test.
 Sequenes ane Serie

Def'. (Eiite equ ente)

TE the domain af
If aa Seqvence
Sequnce is a finite
, then the Seqenee
set of indegers {u23,..ny
a finite Seqvence.
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Ezs,3,5,4,
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real numbe Sn, then the
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ordered Set f numbers
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senel term of theseun
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be a Sequsnce of
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then the seaence is Said to be Converget ond
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gent e
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there
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+23 -7
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) (3n+ 5)
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sm Sn-Sny
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ne
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ne
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tha
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that sn (na) nh
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a<24 t5,y
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n ent Gndbelow. is
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ht
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h that
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to
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ho the
sequenee Sn
of seguence
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hs 0onerser
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Note: then Y thenko partia
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Series)
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he (Necessor seies Bequence
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ator the nereY terms Sn of

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soies for then Cor) real
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gn Comere
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So
show
that No Snz Sn
(ney(nt)
n
Conrese3
h Hene s The
Serieg
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thnh
e
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nth
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n Sxlp
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s
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nature serie
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hth

seriegHe
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gen Sn
=>n-o the
n
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nh S
n diverge. £0, 3 3n-) term
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3? 3n
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nth Giiren the
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ature
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thast test, 3n n
im diverge
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em Sn Henee -7rom
n
n him! termnh
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te 4erm
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S n
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diarges,
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.; NOw
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eriegthe series
the
bu
Giren Sn the T I
atio
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the Aim Rado
test
n Sn
natue L=L L>1 GonSn
be
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sorie (n*) the genCan be diverges
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ges
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Sol: So)!
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xamine
n|
h
Sat) LetSn Sn Sn n
Giron, gent.
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Sa
the Conver
Senee
the
n|

44
n!a
n Con
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n
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n
the () Snt 2

(ny Serieg
h

n (Cnto1))
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ne
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S
h Sn
WrT, Sn (
pely me
a Yaki
o (i*a) (i+) ("*)
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nt|
tert
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a)
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4est.
test

ht)
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Conergencc
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Seieg Tegt theSo
Tomorgent -i Here The
h’
byy Convergemie
the
the ht
im an hien ni

the Sn harmonicSer ie
=en (nt1)
Sandnth Subseri es
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Sh i5nen) atiu
2-? nt|
oEl e.e
nt
9enee tut, e> n+
e
n, ,
3. Seriegthe of
the Snti term
diersent.2t
ent) and
diersnue
the ot Serieg
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=e.(t) diverget
abo
(niy
(n) ay
nt
2) diver
,XO. gien
nt n
ge, =
2|. f ().(itt) by nt|
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:.Sntl Denominator
hSn an Numeratoy
9.l|".
2:5.
The
Sn where -s. Omitti
28
Yatio Convergence
tho of
Sno
heneral th
n
1Sg.. 25. .| . d,
a|,n=n
Aeet 3 firt
1.s.913.
(4(nt)o . = 2.5. 8.)
|2.5.9.1.Sna(on+) 1:ds. 4n 1+ 2+3n 3
s913.(angn) S-9.17. term
aien 3.. (ne-y
(4n
(3h(sng) n
. (n) (3 in Then
Series a2,d3,
-where the
(4n (3nt+ 4 the
form Serieg
foYn
t) ) |.5913(4h )
+0
43+0 n= e
S of get
nverg-ence. 2.59.
ont) 0d
AP

1-S.9-12
 1o
Test()
Hbt Teg tyt,
yattoBy Hit:
By
SntQimn n
rat t
Sn io the 4.120.Sn.
teyt, Sn the
L8-2
4.o Coner
+
-(9nt9)
18.27-36- Coney
Gene
3s,
12.20 t4
gene
. I8.2t36
&n-h) -(
(Sn o
ConersentC:
+)) the

seriee
C:h=n
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Sol: No, theLetSo|: bout a
by
Cauehy'
Tegt buys =(1t
Then n Ci)(i)If
im n Qinm Let a,be
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's let the nature
the Root
the
L>1 L2
Convergene Test
n
n te8t
root given
SorieConner
oot e n -n Problem
t, Concluion hen nothen then (or)
(4) 9e series.
theof Seie a
nce
of divergeg.
seriegthe the Cauehy's
the 2Sn be of
22e<3f C n=
erieg
serie
Root
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tem&.
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Tegt Sol: if
Invegtigate
Here

n-h s,
the the hiven -S
the
tet
the
root apy we
with
root (n
Coner3enee 4he
iholves
Some
Lerm
teyt
m (ia) tegt,
rthe fthe
serie
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n
tegt
theoot
(U-)n"
the
he (" m
3hen -)
given
n
():: towern,
of eries
Señes

Converges
Conwerges,
n=(
 Tegt(5)
6
Sol: Sol:
Tegt tetrootBy 2
Here
Giren!
the h the the
Sn the -)
Sn= S
Sn nh
Convergene roo4 *-1()"? Convergene
term
(h)'" n tet
n)"' ( hht h
(")()
)
nt the (0
(e ()]. given
of siven 0f
-n
the the
serieg
Serieg Serie
+
Convorogeg

ny
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(9Tetthe
(i) ".
Convergenue
Tegt
the i) By nh
n
convergeg) ( dierges
No
the
'h contluspn
root
if
tegt
if
’1 (n)
the (-).
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ny
(Conve-gea),.
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(ií) foY Conver ge Pasitive
Note; n termg Cage diverges TheCoseO'
CiIf
) an Let ()
IF (")
Let If() (ib
It O l, onverP&.ao Conre9ene
dierges.
alto n| If
termg.
iS The they The The
San am then pari
Comson
onvrgent genie
diveroY n bn. n then an
ntd bn anan
d bo an
eomerîc
where ke imit n &bn paviSon
Com
imit 2 n
hate bn b
if form an
Conerse n Convorge.
foY an for
sorìes
aike.Cudiverge 0
4r4) Divergeme. form diverges al
of and all
bntegt
with CUmpar tuo be n=l,
and be n be
n ne12,.
to Z
Poftive bn Convorge,bn porison
Com ConvergencefoY P
n
erieg
two Of
bo
re divergeg, Seriieg
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terms teet
togethe
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foy then
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tert
bn
 Test(0
So).
(imn Where
An Fne To
bn .intherm The
bn an bn -The hen The
x term
Convegene
tha Conve9ey
iSon rnumerotor , 2-3·+
denominator
bn Zan (Hormonie
Series)
n Problemg if
2n-1
test n n(nt)
(nt2) I,3,S,. . 3.45 PI
(y. 123
Zan nd
the t
ond n? A.p.
Ore in
2-4
3"46 3 Seriethe 0f diverseg
P-highest second ...
sb fw
5
fecty First if
behae Poua PE|.
Faetr
ot
oe n2 n
alike. n he
in f
Ø 8)
r.
 bn ig Conver gent
h
Sinee p= in P-Serie.

Hence Zan g Conver gent.

Test the Conergen ce the serie

3
t
|3s 2.S. g.44
Ht n
(2na) (2n)(ent3)
rh)nt)
the Conrgene
(9 Test
Sol (nn)(nt)

.(ne) (ny #() (+)

an ( ) (%)
(n)
bn nt

Now

bh (n

bn

n bn
CornPArSOn tert &an andibn :behave allhe

. Henee
(A DisCUs the Cover genQ

Sol:
t

In N. 2 3 4 in AP

In DY. 1,23, 4
tnol+ (n-) )
an (n+)
NO, an. (n) X
nt|

bn n
an n+}
bn n

h bn h

lim
an 0
n bn
b Com paiSGn tegt an an Lbn be hae aike

But P-7
<bn i Convorgert.

} an a s converget

Tegt the the serieg

Coergenie
|434

24b

Gilen Serjef
 nth tSm
- Qn = Itna (4)
2+b
|+n4 n
bn

an +a)
bn (tb)
b
(Anhe valb)
nr
bn

Aim
bn
an ano cbn te have alhe
b Com pariSn 4est
Comorsent.PJ
h

an Coveren
Henee
6 Find the Nate

Sol:
Giren" an t

nth term |+2+B+t n

n(n)
n (h)(2n+) nfn+0
()
3

3 3
|Now ay 3
2+
bn 2nt)

3
hr
bn

. bn
 by an ad bn bekane alike 1 4

the Solowihey serñes

(7) Test the
()A an (dirsen)
Von
o

(y (diversont)

4.4(
nh)
(hyh)y
2ns (Conrsent)).
(5) n

Compri Son test, f d the nature of

the Series -n].

so:

n (n) a
!

9.h6 t , n. n
D.
23
n

nn
h3

an n.

ans bn
(Test the conergence of y(Unai - t
Sol!
ni

an ntt - Vnt.

nt -(-) nt+-n+|
n

2
an
-(ur
bn nt

Qn
h bn

bn

Ean is Conergent.
Henee

) Dìs Cus the ConVergene

an
+|

Son4 Conv set if P> and

¿an is dirergat 5 P .
() Dsceus the Conegen(e

niven!
ni

: bn = (
bn

h bn

n
bn

Com poiSon test zán & Eh behare alibe

But bin

Cumymon ratio
lteme

the notue
h

() () ( Conrget)
 Integral Tegt (ov)(Caushy's Idegyad TesE)l5
decreaeihgy ne
)Sueh thae u(n)U
intege ble funion in
then the series
nen n

Conrtrge oY dinr Ge tu9ethes

Comorges (vae eaists),
(i)If
Ehen 2 un Conrerges.
h

fon dx tiergeg ( Val does not Gxir)

Gi) If
ihen nc
un diverges
O A ely Cauehy itey tegt to dqrcws t e
hormoniTe Series (p- see) Lo
natune .of the
Sol: Gnien!.E =
un T
Here Un
n
Cleorly
.fa) is tositive ond deceasina, fanetion
da

-(P-)

1
 the Conrex 4ene Serie f-45)
() test
P70,

Sol:
niven:
2 (Log n

Here

n(ogn)

non-negatiu Gind ecrea ng.

cleory fu)9
d -P

No, Put t =ug

2) t ’d

-pt|i

Case c) fP=1 then

then
 ((-)eo
L t I-P=-k

Go9da= fie veie

7Eun Conversent,if P 1 .
Hene
dierent fP .
and <un
that E% diegeg.
integra tegt, show n

Sol: aien. 4Un h n

Un
Here, Un => foy=
Poritire Gnd deresing funetion.
Cleshy, fo) iy pori

itera tert,

the Conver gerne of the serieg .

Test J6

ni
46re, Un
-) flo) =

ceordy
By cauchyle indeora te4
)
behoe ihe.
 I·8)

-
¿uns Conergent.

(5) Teg k th nate op the Serieg iw

P>
(6)Tet the nat st the Seies
nlogn Cagy
Ang

Tes t for CUne Gene

CConvorgent J.
 10210MA102-Calculus and Ordinary Differential Equations

UNIT II MULTIPLE INTEGRALS L–9 + T–3

CO2 Computing the double and triple integral to measure the area
enclosed by curves and volume of a solid K3

Integration as a limiting case of summation

Integration by substitution method

Integration by parts

Bernoulli’s formula

Double integral

Change of order of integration

Double integration in polar coordinates

Area enclosed by curves

Triple integrals

Volume of solids.
10210MA102-Calculus and Ordinary Differential Equations

UNIT III VECTOR CALCULUS L–9 + T–3

CO3 Applying the vector differential calculus to solve problems related

to vector and scalar fields. K3

Vector fields and scalar fields

The gradient field

The directional derivative

Divergence and Curl of a vector field

Solenoidal and Irrotational vector fields

Line integrals as integrals of vectors

Green’s theorem (without proof), Surface integrals

Divergence theorem (without proof) and Stokes’ theorem (without proof)

Verification of all theorems on simple regions, cubes and rectangular

parallelepipeds.
 10210MA102-Calculus and Ordinary Differential Equations

CO4 Calculating the higher order linear differential equations with different
methods K3

UNIT IV ORDINARY DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS L–9 + T–3

First Order Differential Equations:

Variable and separable

Homogeneous and Non–Homogeneous

Linear and Bernoulli’s equation

Higher Order Linear Differential Equations with constant coefficients

Method of variation of parameter

Differential Equations with variable coefficients:

Cauchy and Legendre types

 10210MA102-Calculus and Ordinary Differential Equations

CO5 Solving the ordinary differential equation by using Laplace transform K3

UNIT V LAPLACE TRANSFORMS L–9 + T–3

Laplace transform:

Sufficient Condition for existence

Transform of elementary functions

Basic properties

Transform of derivatives and integrals

Transform of periodic functions

Unit step and Dirac delta functions

Inverse Laplace transform – Convolution theorem (excluding proof)

Initial and Final value theorems

Solution of linear ODE of second order with constant coefficients using Laplace
transform.