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Array Notes

The document explains 1-dimensional and 2-dimensional arrays, detailing their structure, creation, and manipulation in both pseudocode and Python. It covers concepts such as array initialization, element access, modification, and iteration. Additionally, it provides examples and tips for understanding array indexing and usage in practical scenarios.

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Kepha Ogada
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
0 views

Array Notes

The document explains 1-dimensional and 2-dimensional arrays, detailing their structure, creation, and manipulation in both pseudocode and Python. It covers concepts such as array initialization, element access, modification, and iteration. Additionally, it provides examples and tips for understanding array indexing and usage in practical scenarios.

Uploaded by

Kepha Ogada
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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1-Dimensional Arrays

What is an array?

• An array is an ordered, static set of elements in a fixed-size memory


location
• An array can only store 1 data type
• A 1D array is a linear array
• Indexes start at generally start at 0, known as zero-indexed

Concept Pseudocode Python

DECLARE scores: ARRAY[0:4]OF INTEGER scores = []

Creates a blank array with 5 elements (0-4) Creates a blank array


Create scores = [12, 10, 5, 2,
scores ← [12, 10, 5, 2, 8]
8]

Creates an array called scores with values assigned

colours[4] ← "Red" colours[4] = "Red"


Assignment
Assigns the colour "Red" to index 4 (5th element)

Example in Python

Creating a one-dimensional array called ‘array’ which contains 5 integers.

• Create the array with the following syntax:


array = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
• Access the individual elements of the array by using the following syntax:
array[index]
• Modify the individual elements by assigning new values to specific indexes
using the following syntax:
array[index] = newValue
• Use the len function to determine the length of the array by using the following
syntax:
len(array)
• In the example the array has been iterated through to output each element
within the array. A for loop has been used for this
Python

# Creating a one-dimensional array


array = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]

# Accessing elements of the array


print(array[0]) # Output: 1
print(array[2]) # Output: 3

# Modifying elements of the array


array[1] = 10
print(array) # Output: [1, 10, 3, 4, 5]

# Iterating over the array


for element in array:
print(element)

# Output:
#1
# 10
#3
#4
#5

# Length of the array


length = len(array)
print(length) # Output: 5
2-Dimensional Arrays

What is a 2-dimensional array?

• A 2D array extends the concept on a 1D array by adding another


dimension
• A 2D array can be visualised as a table with rows and columns
• When navigating through a 2D array you first have to go down the rows and
then across the columns to find a position within the array

Concept Pseudocode Python

Creates a 3x2 blank array (3


Declare a 2D array with name
people, each with name and
and number for 3 people
number)

DECLARE NamesAndNumbers :
ARRAY[1:3, 1:2] OF STRING

1:3 = 3 rows → one for each person


NamesANDNumbers = [[None,
1:2 = 2 columns → one for name,
None], [None, None], [None, None]]
one for number

Create OF STRING → both names and


phone numbers are stored as
strings

Declare a 2D array called players with name and score assigned for 4
people (Alice, Bob, Charlie & Daisy)

# Each player has a name and a


// Declare a 2D array with 4 rows
score
and 2 columns (name and score)
players = [
DECLARE players : ARRAY[1:4, 1:2]
OF STRING
["Alice", 25],
// Assign values to each player ["Bob", 30],

players[1,1] ← "Alice" ["Charlie", 22],

players[1,2] ← "25" ["Daisy", 28]

players[2,1] ← "Bob" ]

players[2,2] ← "30"

players[3,1] ← "Charlie"

players[3,2] ← "22"

players[4,1] ← "Daisy"

players[4,2] ← "28"

Assigning the name Holly to replace the name Charlie


Assignm players[2][0] = "Holly" # Charlie is at
ent players[3,1] ← "Holly" index 2 (third row), name is at index
0

Example in Python

Initialising a 2D array with 3 rows and 3 columns, with the specified values

array_2d = [[1, 2, 3],


[4, 5, 6],
[7, 8, 9]]

# Accessing elements in the 2D array


print(array_2d[0][0]) # Output: 1
print(array_2d[1][2]) # Output: 6
Iterating through a 2-dimensions array

• When iterating through an array, a nested for loop can be used


Nested iteration to access items in the 2D array

for row in array_2d:


for item in row:
print(item, end=" ")
print() # Print a newline after each row
Examiner Tips and Tricks
In the exam, the question will always give an example to demonstrate which order
the array is being read from.

Some questions can be X,Y and others can be Y, X. Always refer to the example
before giving your answer!
Worked Example
A parent records the length of time being spent watching TV by 4 children

Data for one week (Monday to Friday) is stored in a 2D array with the identifier
minsWatched.

The following table shows the array

Quinn Lyla Harry Elias


0 1 2 3
Monday 0 34 67 89 78
Tuesday 1 56 43 45 56
Wednesday 2 122 23 34 45
Thursday 3 13 109 23 90
Friday 4 47 100 167 23
Elias watched 78 minutes of TV on Monday:

• Identify the row for Monday: Row 0.


• Identify the column for Elias: Column 3.
• Find the value at minsWatched[0][3]: The value is 78
Write a line of code to output the number of minutes that Lyla watched TV on
Tuesday [1]

Write a line of code to output the number of minutes that Harry watched TV on
Friday [1]

Write a line of code to output the number of minutes that Quinn watched TV on
Wednesday [1]

Answers

• print(minsWatched[1][1] OR print(minsWatched[1,1]
• print(minsWatched[4][2] OR print(minsWatched[4,2]
• print(minsWatched[2][0] OR print(minsWatched[2,0]

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