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TCP-IP

The presentation provides an overview of the TCP/IP model, which is fundamental to modern computer networking and the Internet. It details the four layers of the model: Application, Transport, Internet, and Network Access, each with specific functions and protocols. The TCP/IP model enables effective communication and data transmission across diverse devices and applications.

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Sriparna Majumder
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7 views

TCP-IP

The presentation provides an overview of the TCP/IP model, which is fundamental to modern computer networking and the Internet. It details the four layers of the model: Application, Transport, Internet, and Network Access, each with specific functions and protocols. The TCP/IP model enables effective communication and data transmission across diverse devices and applications.

Uploaded by

Sriparna Majumder
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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ACADEMY OF TECHNOLOGY

Department: MCA Semester: 2nd


Paper Name: Networking Paper Code: MCAN-204

Power Point Presentation on

The TCP/IP layered model in computer networking system


Presented by
Name of the Student: University Roll No.: 16971024003.
SRIPARNA MAJUMDER

To fulfil the requirement of Continuous Assessment 1 [CA1] of MCA Course.


THE TCP/IP MODEL: A
DEEP DIVE

This presentation will explore the


fundamental concepts and practical
applications of the TCP/IP model, a
cornerstone of modern computer
networking.

2
What is the TCP/IP Model?

Foundation of the Internet Layered Architecture


The TCP/IP model defines a structured This model divides network communication into
framework for communication between distinct layers, each with specific
computers on a network. It is the bedrock of the responsibilities. This modularity simplifies
Internet, enabling seamless data exchange across development, troubleshooting, and
geographically diverse locations. standardization.

3
LAYERS OF THE TCP/IP MODEL
1 Application Layer - Where users directly interact with the
network.
2 Transport Layer - Manages reliable data transfer and
connection management.

3 Internet Layer - Handles logical addressing and routing


of data packets.

4 Network Access Layer - Defines the physical interface


and transmission methods.

4
APPLICATION LAYER - WHERE USERS

INTERACT
The Application Layer is responsible for the user interface with
network services. This layer allows users to access websites, send
emails, stream videos, or play online games.

Common protocols at this layer include HTTP (Hypertext


Transfer Protocol) for web browsing, SMTP (Simple Mail
Transfer Protocol) for email, and FTP (File Transfer Protocol) for
file sharing.

This layer is the bridge between the user and the internet,
providing a convenient way to access network services and
applications.

5
TRANSPORT LAYER - TCP AND UDP IN ACTION

❖ The Transport Layer ensures data packets ❖ Two prominent protocols operate at this layer:
reach their destination reliably and TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) and UDP
efficiently. It's responsible for managing (User Datagram Protocol). TCP provides
data segmentation, error control, and flow reliable, ordered delivery, ensuring all data
control. packets arrive in the correct sequence.

❖ UDP, on the other hand, offers faster but


less reliable delivery. It's commonly used
for applications where speed is critical,
such as streaming video or online gaming.

6
INTERNET LAYER - IP ADDRESSING AND ROUTING
1 2 3
The Internet Layer handles This layer utilizes IP Imagine it as a postal
the addressing and routing of (Internet Protocol), which is system. IP addresses are
data packets across networks. responsible for encapsulating like street addresses, and
It uses IP addresses to data packets and assigning routers are like postmen,
identify devices on the unique addresses to each delivering packets to the
network and routes data device. Routers act as traffic correct destination.
packets to their intended controllers, directing packets
recipients. along the most efficient path
to their destination. 7
NETWORK ACCESS LAYER - HARDWARE AND PHYSICAL TRANSMISSION

The Network Access Layer handles the physical


transmission of data. It deals with the hardware 1
that connects devices to the network, such as
ethernet cards, modems, or wireless adapters. This layer is responsible for converting digital data
2 into electrical signals that can be transmitted over
physical media. It also manages access to the
Protocols at this layer include Ethernet for physical network, ensuring that different devices
wired networks and Wi-Fi for wireless can share the network bandwidth.
3
networks. The Network Access Layer ensures
that data packets reach their destination via the
chosen physical connection. 8
PROTOCOL DEEP DIVE: HOW DATA FLOWS
THROUGH THE LAYERS

Imagine sending an email. The Application Layer (Layer 4) formats the


email and prepares it for transmission. The Transport Layer (Layer 3) then
segments the email into packets, adds headers, and assigns sequence
numbers.

The Internet Layer (Layer 2) adds the IP address of the sender and
recipient, enabling routing. The Network Access Layer (Layer 1)
converts the data into electrical signals and transmits it over the
network.

At the receiving end, the process is reversed. The Network Access


Layer converts the signals back to data, and each layer removes the
relevant headers, reassembling the original data packet. Finally, the
Application Layer delivers the email to the recipient's inbox.

9
REAL-WORLD APPLICATIONS AND COMMON
PROTOCOLS
Web Browsing
HTTP, TCP, IP, Ethernet

Email Communication
SMTP, TCP, IP, Ethernet

Video Streaming
HTTP, UDP, IP, Ethernet

Online Gaming
UDP, IP, Ethernet

10
CONCLUSION
The TCP/IP Model is an essential cornerstone of modern internet
communication. It provides a standardized framework that ensures
seamless data transmission across networks. This model, with its
layered approach, allows for effective communication between
diverse devices and applications, enabling the interconnected
world we experience today.

11
REFERENCES
• "Computer Networking: A Top-Down Approach" – James F. Kurose, Keith W. Ross
• "TCP/IP Illustrated, Volume 1: The Protocols" – W. Richard Stevens
• TCP/IP Model Explained: https://www.netacad.com/
• IBM Documentation on TCP/IP https://www.ibm.com/docs/en/aix/7.2?topic=protocols-
transmission-control-protocol-internet-protocol-tcpip
• Wikipedia (For General Understanding & History)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_protocol_suite
• Networking Tutorials on GeeksforGeeks
https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/tcp-ip-model/

11
THANK YOU

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