COMPUTER NETWORK DEFENDER LAB

CSE434

CT UNIVERSITY

NAME :- MUHAMMED SAHAL K A

UID :- 71912086
LAB -1 EXECUTE THE FOLLOWING COMMANDS

arp , ipconfig, hostname, netdiag, netstart, nslookup, pathping, ping, route,tracert

AIM
To study the basic networking commands.

C:\>arp –a: ARP is short form of address resolution protocol, It will show the IP address of your
computer along with the IP address and MAC address of your router.

C:\>hostname: This is the simplest of all TCP/IP commands. It simply displays the name of your
computer.

C:\>ipconfig: The ipconfig command displays information about the host (the computer your
sitting at) computer TCP/IP configuration.

C:\>ipconfig /all: This command displays detailed configuration information about your TCP/IP
connection including Router, Gateway, DNS, DHCP, and type of Ethernet adapter in your system.

C:\>Ipconfig /renew: Using this command will renew all your IP addresses that you are currently
(leasing) borrowing from the DHCP server. This command is a quick problem solver if you are having
connection issues, but does not work if you have been configured with a static IP address.

C:\>Ipconfig/release: This command allows you to drop the IP lease from the DHCP server.

C:\>ipconfig /flushdns: This command is only needed if you’re having trouble with your networks
DNS configuration. The best time to use this command is after network configuration sets in, and you
really need the computer to reply with flushed.

C:\>nbtstat –a: This command helps solve problems with NetBIOS name resolution. (Nbt
stands for NetBIOS over TCP/IP)

C:\>net diag: Netdiag is a network testing utility that performs a variety of network diagnostic tests,
allowing you to pinpoint problems in your network. Netdiag isn’t installed by default, but can be
installed from the Windows XP CD after saying no to the install. Navigate to the CD ROM drive letter
and open the support\tools folder on the XP CD and click the setup.exe icon in the support\tools
folder.

C:\>netstat: Netstat displays a variety of statistics about a computers active TCP/IP connections. This
tool is most useful when you’re having trouble with TCP/IP applications such as HTTP, and FTP.

C:\>nslookup: Nslookup is used for diagnosing DNS problems. If you can access a resource by
specifying an IP address but not it’s DNS you have a DNS problem.
C:\>pathping: Pathping is unique to Window’s, and is basically a combination of the Ping and Tracert
commands. Pathping traces the route to the destination address then launches a 25 second test of
each router along the way, gathering statistics on the rate of data loss along each hop.

C:\>ping: Ping is the most basic TCP/IP command, and it’s the same as placing a phone call to your
best friend. You pick up your telephone and dial a number, expecting your best friend to reply with
“Hello” on the other end. Computers make phone calls to each other over a network by using a Ping
command. The Ping commands main purpose is to place a phone call to another computer on the
network, and request an answer. Ping has 2 options it can use to place a phone call to another
computer on the network. It can use the computers name or IP address.

C:\>route: The route command displays the computers routing table. A typical computer, with a
single network interface, connected to a LAN, with a router is fairly simple and generally doesn’t pose
any network problems. But if you’re having trouble accessing other computers on your network, you
can use the route command to make sure the entries in the routing table are correct.

C:\>tracert: The tracert command displays a list of all the routers that a packet has to go through to
get from the computer where tracert is run to any other computer on the internet.
LAB- 2 STUDY OF DIFFERENT TYPES OF CABLES

Transmission Medium:
A communication channel that is used to carry the data from one transmitter to the receiver through
the electromagnetic signals. The main function of this is to carry the data in the bits form through the
Local Area Network(LAN). In data communication, it works like a physical path between the sender &
receiver. For instance, in a copper cable network the bits in the form of electrical signals whereas in a
fiber network ,the bits are available in the form of light pulses. The quality as well as characteristics of
data transmission, can be determined from the characteristics of medium &signal. The properties of
different transmission media are delay, bandwidth, maintenance, cost and easy installation.

Bounded/Guided Transmission Media:

This kind of transmission media is also known as wired otherwise bounded media. In this type, the
signals can be transmitted directly & restricted in a thin path through physical links. The types of
Bounded /Guided transmission are discussed below.

Coaxial Cable:
Coaxial cable (or coax) carries signals of higher frequency ranges than those in twisted pair cable. It
has a central core conductor of solid or stranded wire (usually copper) enclosed in an insulating
sheath, which is, in turn, encased in an outer conductor of metal foil, braid, or a combination of the
two. The outer conductor is also enclosed in an insulating sheath, and the whole cable is protected
by a plastic cover.

Applications:
1. Coaxial cable was widely used for both analog and digital data transmissions.
2. It has higher bandwidth.
3.Inexpensive when compared to fiber optical cables.
4. It uses for longer distances at higher data rates.
5. Excellent noise immunity.
6. Used in LAN and Television distribution.

Disadvantage :
1.Single cable failure can fail the entire network.
2.Difficult to install and expensive when compared with twisted pairs.
3.If the shield is imperfect, it can lead to grounded loop.

Fibre Optic Cable:

A fiber optic cable is a network cable that contains strands of glass fibers inside an insulated casing.
They're designed for long-distance, high-performance data networking, and telecommunications.
Compared to wired cables, fiber optic cables provide higher bandwidth and transmit data over longer
distances. Fiber optic cables support much of the world's internet, cable television, and telephone
systems.

Advantages of Fiber Optic Cables:

1.The loss of signal in optical fiber is less than that in copper wire.
2.Opticalfibers usually have a longer life cycle for over 100 years.
Disadvantage:
1.It is expensive.
2.Difficult to install.

Twisted pair cable:

A twisted pair cable is a type of cable made by putting two separate insulated wires together in a
twisted pattern and running them parallel to each other. This type of cable is widely used in different
kinds of data and voice infrastructures.

Twisted pair is of two types:

1.Shielded Twisted Pair(STP)
2.Unshielded Twisted Pair(UTP)

Shielded Twisted Pair:

Shielded Twisted Pair (STP) cables additionally have an overall conducting metallic shields covering
four twisted pair wires. There may be another conducting metallic shields covering individual twisted
pairs also. These metallic shields blocks out electromagnetic interference to prevent unwanted noise
from the communication circuit.

Advantage of Shielded Twisted Pair:

1.The cost of the shielded twisted pair cable is not very high and not very low.
2.An installation of STP is easy.
3.It has higher capacity as compared to unshielded twisted pair cable.
4.It has a higher attenuation.
5.It is shielded that provides the higher data transmission rate. Disadvantages:
1.It is more expensive as compared to UTP and coaxial cable.
2.It has a higher attenuation rate.

An unshielded twisted pair is widely used in telecommunication. It is most common type when
compared with shielded twisted pair cable which consists of two conductors usually copper, each
with its own colour plastic insulator
Advantages Of Unshielded Twisted Pair:
1.It is cheap.
2.Installation of the unshielded twisted pair is easy.
3.It can be used for high-speed LAN.
Disadvantage:
1.This cable can only be used for shorter distances because of attenuation.

Unguided medium transport electromagnetic waves without using a physical conductor. This type of
communication is often referred to as wireless communication. Signals are normally broadcast
through free space and thus are available to anyone who has a device capable of receiving them
Types of unguided Transmission media:  Radio Transmission:
Its frequency is between 10Khz to 1Ghz. It is simple to install and has high attenuation. These waves
are used for multicast communication.
Types of propagation:
1. Troposphere
2. Ionosphere

Microwaves:
It is a line of sight transmission i.e. the sending and receiving antennas need to be properly aligned
with each other. The distance covered by the signal is directly proportional to the height of the
antenna. Frequency Range:1GHz – 300GHz. These are majorly used for mobile phone communication
and television distribution.

Infrared:
Infrared waves are used for very short distance communication. They cannot penetrate through
obstacles. This prevents interference between systems. Frequency Range:300GHz – 400THz. It is used
in TV remotes, wireless mouse, keyboard, printer, etc.
LAB- 3 PRACTICALLY IMPLEMENT THE CROSS – WIRED CABLE AND STRAIGHT WIRED CABLE USING
CRIMPING TOOL

Aim: Study of different types of Network cables and Practically implement the cross-wired cable
and straight through cable using clamping tool.

Requirements: Crimping tools, UTP Cable, RJ-45 connector, Cable tester.

Procedure:

Crimping Tools:

A crimping tool is a device used to conjoin two pieces of metal by deforming one or both of them to
hold each other. The result of the tool's work is called a crimp. An example of crimping is affixing a
connector to the end of a cable. For instance, network cables and phone cables are created using a
crimping tool (shown below) to join RJ-45 and RJ-11 connectors to both ends of phone or Cat 5 cable.

UTP Cables:
UTP stands for Unshielded Twisted Pair cable. UTP cable is a 100 ohm copper cable that consists of 2
to 1800 unshielded twisted pairs surrounded by an outer jacket. They have no metallic shield. This
makes the cable small in diameter but unprotected against electrical interference. The twist helps to
improve its immunity to electrical noise and EMI.
RJ-45 Connector:
RJ-45 connector is a tool that we put on the end of the UTP cable. With this we can plug the cable
in the LAN port.

Cable test:
A cable tester is a electronic device used to verify the electrical connections in a signal cable or other
wired assembly. Basic cable testers are continuity tester that verify the existence of a conductive path
between ends of the cable, and verify the correct wiring of connectors on the cable

Straight cable:
A straight-through cable is a type of twisted pair cable that is used in local area networks to connect a
computer to a network hub such as a router. This type of cable is also sometimes called a patch cable
and is an alternative to wireless connections where one or more computers access a router through a
wireless signal. On a straight-through cable, the wired pins match. Straightthrough cable use one
wiring standard: both ends use T568A wiring standard or both ends use T568B wiring standard. The
following figure shows a straight-through cable of which both ends are wired as the T568B standard.

Cross cable:
An Ethernet crossover cable is a type of Ethernet cable used to connect computing devices together
directly. Unlike straight-through cable, crossover cables use two different wiring standards: one end
uses the T568A wiring standard, and the other end uses the T568B wiring standard. The internal
wiring of Ethernet crossover cables reverses the transmit and receive signals. It is most often used to
connect two devices of the same type: e.g. two computers (via network interface controller) or two
switches to each other.

Making Straight UTP Cable:

- Peel the end of the UTP cable , approximately 2 cm.
- Open the cable strands , align and follow the arrangement as standard cable image shown below .
- Once the order is according to
the standard , cut and flatten
the ends of the cable,
- Put the cable is straight and
aligned into the RJ - 45
connector , and make sure all
cables are in correct position as
follows:
Orange White on no 1
Orange on no 2
Green White on no 3
Blue on no 4
Blue White on no 5
Green on no 6
White Brown on no 7
Brown on no 8

- Make crimping using crimp tools , press crimping tool and make sure all the pins ( brass ) on the RJ -
45 connector has " bite " of each cable . usually when done will sound "click ". Once finished at the
end of this one , do it again at the other end cable. The final step is to check the cable that you
created earlier using the LAN tester , enter each end of the cable ( RJ- 45 ) to each LAN port
available on the tester , turn and make sure all of the LEDs light up according to the order of the
wires we created.

Creating Cross UTP Cable:-

Creating a cross cable has almost the same steps with straight cable , the difference lies only in the
colour sequence from both ends of the cable . Unlike the straight cable that has the same colour
sequence at both ends of the cable , the cross cable has a different colour sequences at

both ends of the cable.

The first ends is same with straight cable :
Orange White on no. 1
Orange on no. 2
Green White on no. 3
Blue on no. 4 Blue
White on no. 5
Green on no. 6 .
White chocolate on no. 7
Brown on no. 8

For the second end of the cable, the colour composition is different from the first . The colour
arrangement is as follows
Green White on no. 1
Green on no. 2
Orange White on no. 3
Blue on no. 4
Blue White on no. 5
Orange on no. 6
White chocolate no.7
Brown on no.8

LAB - 4 STUDY THE NETWORK IP ADDRESS CONFIGURATION ( CLASSIFICATION OF ADDRESS, STATIC

AND DYNAMIC ADDRESS)

The IP address stands for Internet Protocol address is also called IP number or internet address. It
helps us to specify the technical format of the addressing and packets scheme.
An IP address is a numerical label assigned to the devices connected to a computer network that uses
the IP for communication. IP address act as an identifier for a specific machine on a particular
network. It also helps us to develop a virtual connection between a source and a destination.

Types of IP address
There are mainly four types of IP addresses:

• Public
• Private  Static  Dynamic.

Public IP Addresses
A public IP address is an address where one primary address is associated with the whole network. In
this type of IP address, each of the connected devices has the same IP address. This type of public IP
address is provided by Internet Service Provider (ISP).

Private IP Addresses
A private IP address is a unique IP number assigned to every device that connects to internet network,
which includes devices like computers, tablets, smartphones etc.,

Static IP addresses
A static IP address is an IP address that cannot be changed. These are fixed that are manually assigned
to a system device. On the network configuration page, the network administrator manually inputs the
IP address for every system. Moreover, the static address is not changed until it is directly updated by
the network administrator or the Internet Service Provider. Furthermore, this address does not change
with each network connection. In other words, the device always connects to the internet through the
same IP address.

Dynamic IP addresses
The dynamic IP address is typically configured on devices via the DHCP protocol and regularly
updates. The dynamic IP address constantly changes whenever the user links to a network. The
Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol(DHCP) server employs a method for tracking and retrieving IP
address information associated with active network components. The mechanism utilized for
translation in dynamic address is known as Domain Name Server (DNS).
The DHCP and DNS are two protocols that are widely used while accessing the internet. When a user
connects to the network, DHCP assigns a temporary dynamic IP address.

The main differences between Static and Dynamic IP addresses are as follows:

Features Static IP address Dynamic IP address

Definition It is a permanent numeric It is a temporary IP address allocated

address that is manually issued to a system when it connects to a
to a network device. network.

Provider It is provided by Internet It is provided by DHCP (Dynamic

Service Provider (ISP). Host Configuration Protocol).

Changes It doesn't change with time. It may be changed at any time.

Device tracking Devices may be traced easily. Devices may be difficult to trace.

Cost It is expensive to utilize and It is less expensive to utilize and

maintain. maintain.

Security It is less secure than the It offers high security.

dynamic IP address.

Designation It is complex to assign and It is much easy to assign and reassign.

reassign.

Stability It is highly stable. It is less stable.

Usage These are appropriate for Dynamic IP addresses are appropriate

dedicated services like FTP, for a large network that needs an
 mail, and VPN servers. internet connection for all devices.
Image for Configuring Static IP Address

Image for Configuring Dynamic IP Address

LAB - 5 STUDY THE NETWORK IP ADDRESS CONFIGURATION ( CLASSIFICATION IPV4 AND IPV6,
SUBNET, SUPERNET)

The Internet Protocol version 4 (IPv4) is a protocol for use on packet-switched Link Layer networks
(e.g. Ethernet). IPv4 provides an addressing capability of approximately 4.3 billion addresses. The
Internet Protocol version 6 (IPv6) is more advanced and has better features compared to IPv4.

Features IPv4 IPv6

Address length IPv4 is a 32-bit address. IPv6 is a 128-bit address.

Fields IPv4 is a numeric address that IPv6 is an alphanumeric address that

consists of 4 fields which are consists of 8 fields, which are separated
separated by dot (.). by colon.
Classes IPv4 has 5 different classes of IPv6 does not contain classes of IP
IP address that includes Class addresses.
A, Class B, Class C, Class D,
and Class E.

Number of IP address IPv4 has a limited number of IP IPv6 has a large number of IP addresses.
addresses.

Address configuration It supports manual and DHCP It supports manual, DHCP,

configuration. autoconfiguration, and renumbering.

Address space It generates 4 billion unique It generates 340 undecillion unique

addresses addresses.

End-to-end connection In IPv4, end-to-end connection In the case of IPv6, end-to-end connection
integrity integrity is unachievable. integrity is achievable.

Security features In IPv4, security depends on the In IPv6, IPSEC is developed for security
application. This IP address is purposes.
not developed in keeping the
security feature in mind.

Address representation In IPv4, the IP address is In IPv6, the representation of the IP

represented in decimal. address in hexadecimal.

Fragmentation Fragmentation is done by the Fragmentation is done by the senders only.

senders and the forwarding
routers.

Packet flow identification It does not provide any It uses flow label field in the header for
mechanism for packet flow the packet flow identification.
identification.

Checksum field The checksum field is available The checksum field is not available in
in IPv4. IPv6.

Transmission scheme IPv4 is broadcasting. On the other hand, IPv6 is multicasting,

which provides efficient network
operations.

Encryption and It does not provide encryption It provides encryption

Authentication and authentication. and authentication.

Number of octets It consists of 4 octets. It consists of 8 fields, and each field

contains 2 octets. Therefore, the total
number of octets in IPv6 is 16.

Subnetting is a technique of partitioning an individual physical network into several small-sized

logical sub-networks. These subnetworks are known as subnets. An IP address is made up of the
combination of the network segment and a host segment. A subnet is constructed by accepting the bits
from the IP address host portion which are then used to assign a number of small-sized sub-networks
in the original network.

The Subnetting basically convert the host bits into the network bits. As mentioned above the
subnetting strategy was initially devised for slowing down the depletion of the IP addresses.

The subnetting permits the administrator to partition a single class A, class B, class C network into
smaller parts. VLSM (Variable Length Subnet Mask) is a technique which partitions IP address
space into subnets of different sizes and prevent memory wastage. Furthermore, when the number of
hosts is same in subnets, that is known as FLSM (Fixed Length Subnet Mask).

Supernetting is inverse process of subnetting, in which several networks are merged into a single
network. While performing supernetting, the mask bits are moved toward the left of the default mask.
The supernetting is also known as router summarization and aggregation. It results in the creation
of more host addresses at the expense of network addresses, where basically the network bits are
converted into host bits.

The supernetting is performed by internet service provider rather than the normal users, to achieve the
most efficient IP address allocation. CIDR (Classless Inter-Domain Routing) is scheme used to
route the network traffic across the internet. CIDR is a supernetting technique where the several
subnets are combined together for the network routing. In simpler words, CIDR allows the IP
addresses to be organized in the subnetworks independent of the value of the addresses.
IPV4

IPV6

LAB - 6 STUDY OF NETWORK DEVICES ( SWITCH, ROUTER BRIDGE)

Aim: Study of following Network Devices in Detail

• Switch
• Bridge
• Router

Apparatus (Software): No software or hardware needed.

Procedure: Following should be done to understand this practical.

1. Switch: A network switch or switching hub is a computer networking device that connects
network segments. The term commonly refers to a network bridge that processes and routes data at
the data link layer (layer 2) of the OSI model. Switches that additionally process data at the network
layer (layer 3 and above) are often referred to as Layer 3 switches or multilayer switches.

Switch:- A switch is a Networking device in a computer network that connects other devices
together. Multiple data cables are plugged into a switch to enable communication between different
networked devices. Switches manage the flow of data across a network by transmitting a received
network packet only to the one or more devices for which the packet is intended

Working of Switch:-Whenever a host sends a frame to any other host, then the source host is stored
with the port in the address table of the MAC address switch. A switch always stores the address of
the source in the table. Unless a host does send some data, its MAC address and port number will
not be stored in the table of the switch. When you initialize the switch, the switch does not contain
any information about any host and its address. In such a situation, when a host frame sends, its
MAC address is stored in the table but due to no destination information, the switch sends the frame
to all the hosts. When you initialize the switch, the switch does not contain any information about
any host and its address. As soon as the second host sends some data, its address also gets stored in
the table. Whenever a host sends the frames, the switch stores it if its address is not already present
in the table. Thus a switch creates its table. When all the hosts' addresses and port numbers come in
the switch, the switch delivers the frame to all hosts only, delivering the same host to the host for
which the data has been sent.

2. Bridge: A network bridge connects multiple network segments at the data link layer (Layer 2)
of the OSI model. In Ethernet networks, the term bridge formally means a device that behaves
according to the IEEE 802.1D standard. A bridge and switch are very much alike; a switch being a
bridge with numerous ports. Switch or Layer 2 switch is often used interchangeably with bridge.
Bridges can analyze incoming data packets to determine if the bridge is able to send the given packet
to another segment of the network.
Bridge:-
Bridge is termed as a network device which is helpful in filtering the data load of the traffic by
dividing it into segments or packets. They are used to lower the load of traffic on the LAN and other
networks. Bridges are passive devices, because there is no interaction between bridged and the
paths of bridging. Bridges operate on the second layer of the OSI model that is the data link layer.

Working of Bridge:-

When various network segments are established at the data link layer of the OSI model, we refer to it
as bridge. However when the packets of data are transferred along a network , without locating the
network addresses this process is termed as bridging. The process of bridging is helpful in locating
the addresses of unknown addresses to which it is viable to send data. In bridging the data packets
contain a header or a packet header which holds the address to the intended device. Bridge can
remember and recall the address of the devices for further transmission. There are two kinds of
bridging modes, the transparent bridging and the source routing bridging. When the process of
bridging occurs, it makes a bridging table along side where it stores the MAC addresses of the various
terminals. This table helps the bridges to send the data packet to the exact location next time.
However when a specific address does not meet the contents of the bridging table, the data packet is
forwarded further ahead to every attached terminal in LAN except from the computer it is connected
to. This type of bridging is called transparent bridging. When the source computer presents pathway
information within the packet, this type of bridging is known as source route bridging. It is most
commonly used in used on Token Ring networks.

3. Router: A router is an electronic device that interconnects two or more computer networks, and
selectively interchanges packets of data between them. Each data packet contains address
information that a router can use to determine if the source and destination are on the same
network, or if the data packet must be transferred from one network to another. Where multiple
routers are used in a large collection of interconnected networks, the routers exchange information
about target system addresses, so that each router can build up a table showing the preferred paths
between any two systems on the interconnected networks.

Router:-

Routers are networking devices operating at layer 3 or a

network layer of the OSI model. They are responsible for
 receiving, analyzing, and forwarding data packets among the connected computer networks.
When a data packet arrives, the router inspects the destination address, consults its routing
tables to decide the optimal route and then transfers the packet along this route.

How a router works:-

A router examines a packet header's destination IP address and compares it against a routing table to
determine the packet's best next hop. Routing tables list directions for forwarding data to particular
network destinations, sometimes in the context of other variables, like cost. They amount to an
algorithmic set of rules that calculate the best way to transmit traffic toward any given IP address. A
routing table often specifies a default route, which the router uses whenever it fails to find a better
forwarding option for a given packet. For example, the typical home office router directs all
outbound traffic along a single default route to its internet service provider (ISP) Routing tables can
be static -- i.e., manually configured -- or dynamic. Dynamic routers automatically updated their
routing tables based on network activity, exchanging information with other devices via routing
protocols.

LAB - 7 CONFIGURE AND CONNECT THE COMPUTER IN LAN

Step -1 Select the 05 - PCs, 01- Printer, 01- Router, 01- Switch and 01-Server

By using Drag and Drop

Step -2 Configure IP address to Router as 192.168.1.100

Double Click on Router and

Select port status check box on . (for which Ethernet switch connected)

Step -3 Configure Server IP address 192.168.1.101 and connect to switch by Straight Through cable.
 Click on Server, Select Desktop, Select IP Configuration

Step -4 Connect all 05 PCs to switch using Straight Through cable and configure IP address as
192.168.1.1 to 192.168.1.5

Step -5 Give gateway IP as 192.168.1.100 and DNS IP 192.168.1.101 for all 05 PCs

Click on PC, Click on Desktop, Click on IP configuration

Step -6 Configure Printer IP 192.168.1.102 and connect to switch using Straight Through cable. Click

on Printer

Step -7 Ping all PCs from Server and Printer

Click in any one PC, Click on Desktop, Click on Command Prompt and ping any pc from this
PC

By giving command - > ping IP address( ex 192.168.1.1)

LAB - 8 BLOCK THE WEBSITE USING “WINDOWS DEFENDER FIREWALL” IN WINDOWS 10

Step 1: Launch the Control Panel on your computer.

Step 2: Select “Windows Defender Firewall” followed by “Advanced Settings” on the leftside
pane.

Step 3: Right-click on “Outbound Rules” from the menu on the left and select “New Rule.”

Step 4: When a new window pops up, select the “Custom” option followed by “Next.”
Step 5: On the next window, select “All programs” and again select “Next.”

Step 6: Select the ” These IP addresses ” option under “Which remote IP addresses does this
rule apply to?” and click next
Step 7: Open the Command Prompt as Administrator by entering “CMD” into the search box.

Step 8 : Enter nslookup www.facebook.com “” and press the Enter button.

Step 9: Click on “Add” and enter the IP addresses you want to block. Then select “Next.”

Step 10 : Make sure to choose the “Block the connection” option and click on “Next.”

Step 11: Choose whether the rule applies to Domain, Private, or Public. You can also select all
three.
Step 12 : Select “Next,” add a name or description for this rule, and select “Finish” to
complete the action.

Step 13: Finish

Check for Blocked website

.
 - 9 SHARE THE FOLDER IN A SYSTEM AND ACCESS THE FILES OF THAT FOLDER FROM OTHER
SYSTEM USING IP ADDRESS

Step -1 Create Lan Server Configuration (2- PC’s, 1- Server, 1- Switch)

Step -2 IP Address Configuration for Server and PC’s

Step -3 For both PC give the DNS server IP

Step -4 Click on Server

Click on Services
Click on FTP
Give the User name and Password (username is – admin, password – admin)
Give the permission for admin (Write, Read, Delete, Rename, List)
Next Click on add

Step -5 From PC1 Create text file (double click on PC)

Click on Desktop
Click on Text Editor
Click on File > New

Type text ( Share the file in a system and access the files from other system or server
using IP address)

Click on Save (Give file name as test1.txt)

Step -6 In the same PC click on command prompt

Check the file by entering
C: \> dir
C:\> ftp 192.168.1.1 ( Enter the IP address of Server to connect Server ) Give
Username and Password
ftp> put test1.txt (File transferred from PC1 to Server)
ftp> dir (Check the file is transferred to server by giving dir command)
test1.txt
LAB

Step -7 Select PC2

Click on Desktop
Click on Command Prompt
C:\> dir
Test1.txt no such file will be there in PC2
C:\> ftp 192.168.1.1 ( Enter the IP address of Server to connect Server )
Give Username and Password
ftp> get test1.txt (File transferred from Server to PC2)
ftp> dir (Check the file is transferred to PC2)
test1.txt

-10 SHARE THE PRINTER IN A NETWORK, AND TAKE A PRINT FROM OTHER PC

Step -1 Select the 02 - PCs, 01- Printer and 01 -Switch

By using Drag and Drop

Step -2 Configure IP address to Printer as 192.168.1.3

Double click on printer, Click on Config, Select FastEthernet0, Give IPV4 address. And connect to
switch using Straight Through cable.

Step -3 Connect all 02 PCs to switch using Straight Through cable and configure IP address as

192.168.1.1 and192.168.1.2

Click on PC, Click on Desktop, Click on IP configuration

.
Step -4 Ping Printer from any PC

Click in any one PC, Click on Desktop, Click on Command Prompt and ping printer from any PC

By giving command - > ping IP address( ex 192.168.1.3)

LAB -

11 CONFIGURE OF WIFI HOTSPOT, AND CONNECT OTHER DEVICES (MOBILE / LAPTOP)

Step -1 Select

02 - PCs, 01- Printer, 01- Laptop, 01- server, 01- smart phone and 01- HomeRouter By using
Drag and Drop

Step -2 Configure IP address to of Router

 Double click on Router

 Click on LAN (give router IP address 192.168.1.10)
 Click on Wireless2.4G
 Click on WPA-PSK
 Give PSK pass Phrase (Password 12345678)
 Change the SSID name default to KLEBCA
Step - 3 Make Wired PC to Wireless PC

 Double Click on PC select Physical

 Click on WMP300N
 Off the PC
Change Network LAN port to Wireless LAN port by drag and drop On
the PC

Step - 4 Configure wireless PC

 Click on desktop
 Click on DHCP
 Next click on config
 Click on wireless0
 Click on WPA-PSK and give PSK PASS Phrase (12345678)
 Change SSID default to KLEBCA
 PC will get connect to router

Step -5 Repeat Step 3rd to make Laptop, Printer, Server and Smartphone wireless

Now Wifi connection is ready to ping

Step - 6 Ping Printer from any Devices

Click in any device, Click on Desktop, Click on Command Prompt and ping any pc from
printer

By giving command - > Ping IP address

OR

Ping By Realtime or Simulation

LAB -

12 CONFIGURE OF SWITCHES

1. Configure password (For Login to Switch)

Enable for switch configuration steps

Step - 1 Switch> EN or Enable

Step - 2 Switch#Config t / configuration terminal
Step -3 Switch(config)#line con 0
Step -4 Switch(config-line)#password 123456
Step -5 Switch(config-line)#login
Step -6 Switch(config-line)# Exit

Step -7 Switch(config)#Exit

Step -8 Switch# Exit

2. Configure password for configuration switch

Step - 1 Switch> EN or Enable

Step - 2 Switch# Config t / configuration terminal

Step -3 Switch(config)# enable secret 12345678

Step -4 Switch(config)# Exit

Step -5 Switch# Exit

To check for configuration password ( i.e Login to Switch) First need to enter console
password

User Access Verification

Password: (Login password)

 Switch> En /Enable

Password: ( Configuration password i.e Secrete password)

Switch#

3.Configure Switch hostname as KLEBCA Step -1 Switch#

configure t
Step -2 Switch(config)# hostname KLEBCA
Step -3 KLEBCA(config)#

4.Configure the message of the day as

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
"Well Come to KLEBCA CISCO Switch Configuration"
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Step -1 KLEBCA(config)#banner motd #

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

"Well Come to KLEBCA CISCO Switch Configuration"

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------#

Step - 2 KLEBCA(config)# Exit ( To check the message exit from the configuration )
Step - 3 KLEBCA# Exit
LAB -

13 CONFIGURE OF I/O BOX FIXING

Requirements: Crimping tools, Bulk Network Cable, Keystone Jack, Jacket Stripper, Wire
Cutter and
Punch Down Tool

Procedure:

Step -1: 1 inch of jacket with jacket stripper

Using cutting tool cut 1 inch off the jacket from the top of the cable. If using scissors or
another cutting device make sure not to cut through the wires in the cable. Step -2: Cut the
pulling string
If comes with a pull string inside simply cut off the portion that is showing. The pull string is there
to help strip the jack as well so if you need to take a little more jacket off can use it. Step -3: Cut the
spline

If cable also has a spline / cross separator in the cable, then cut off the portion that is showing. Try to cut
off the without damaging the wires.

Step -4: Unwrap twisted pairs

LAB -
Unwrap the twisted pairs so it's easier to insert on to the 90° keystone jack. The important part to this
step is to decide which wiring scheme you want to go with t568a or b.

t568b goes in order:

1. Orange stripe
2. Orange
3. Green Stripe
4. Blue
5. Blue stripe
6. Green
7. Brown stripe
8. Brown

Try not to insert the cables jacket too far in to the keystone jack. Try to get the jack just inside or
touching the end of the jack. The other important thing to mention here is to not have any wiring
exposed from the jack to the jack.

Step -5 Put the wire in the groove

Using the wiring scheme have chosen, lay down the wires in the grooves of the keystone jack.
Step -6 Put keystone jack in the 90° punch down tool

Using a punch down tool can now insert the jack in to the punch down area of the tool. Make sure
the degree of the punch down tool matches the degree of the keystone jack. Insert with open side
facing the grooves of the punch down tool.

Step -7 Squeeze Punch down tool

By squeezing down on the punch down tool wires now firmly inside the contact area of the jack. The
wires hanging off the side should also have been cut off. If some weren't cut off that is ok. Simply cut
off the remaining portion using a cutting device.
For this step make sure to double check the wires are deep enough in the contact area. If any of the
wires are not in the contact area yet try using the tool again to punch them down.

Step -8 Close the cap

LAB - 14 MAKING YOUR OWN PATCH CORD

Requirements: Crimping tools, UTP Cable, RJ-45 connector, Cable tester.

Procedure:

Step -1: take 1/2mtrs or 1 mtrs cable (cat 5e or cat 6)

Step -2: To Make Straight Through Patch Cord.

Step -3: Do following step

Check both cable end should be either T568A or both ends should be T568B

Step -4 Take RJ45 connector

Step -5 Insert cable inside RJ45 connector according to colour code

Step -6 Crimp cable using Crimping Tool for both the ends

Step -7 Check both ends with Cable Tester.

Step -8 Repeat same process for Cross Over cable

(But both the ends of cable should be T568B & T568A or T568A & T568B)

LAB -15 CONFIGURE OF VLAN USING PACKET TRACER / GNS3

Step -1 : 10 PC’s, 03 Switch’s
Step -2 : Connect 02 PCs to Computer Science(CSC, Connect 02 PCs to Arts )

Step -3 : Configure IP for all PCS

For CSC - 10.0.0.1 and 10.0.0.5
For ARTS - 20.0.0.1 and 20.0.0.5

Step -4 : Configure Switch -1

Click on switch, Click on CLI
Switch> en
Switch# Config t
Switch(Config)# hostname SW1
SW1(Config)#vlan 2
SW1(Config-vlan)# name CSC
SW1(config-vlan)# vlan 3
SW1(Config-vlan)#name ARTS
SW1(Config-vlan)#exit
SW1(Config)#exit
SW1#show vlan b /brief

SW1# Config t
SW1(Config)# int fastEthernet 0/1 or fa 0/1
SW1(Config-if)#Switchport access vlan 2
SW1(Config-if)#exit

SW1(Config)#int fastEthernet 0/2

SW1(Config-if)#Switchport access vlan 2
SW1(Config-if)#exit

SW1(Config)# int fastEthernet 0/3 or f1 0/3

SW1(Config-if)#Switchport access vlan 3
SW1(Config-if)# Exit

SW1(Config)#int fastEthernet 0/4

SW1(Config-if)#Switchport access vlan 3
SW1(Config-if)#exit
SW1(Config)#Exit
SW1# show vlan brief

SWITCH TO SWITCH TRUNK FOR SWITCH 1 (same port)

SW1(Config)# int fastEthernet 0/5

SW1(Config-if)# Switchport mode trunk
SW1(Config-if)#Exit
SW1(Config)#Exit

W1(Config)# int fastEthernet 0/6

SW1(Config-if)# Switchport mode trunk
SW1(Config-if)#Exit
SW1(Config)#Exit
SW1#show int trunk
SW2#Config t
SW2(Config)# int range fa 0/1-2
SW2(Config-if)#switchport access vlan 2

SW2#Config t
SW2(Config)# int range fa 0/3-4
SW2(Config-if)#switchport access vlan 3

SWITCH TO SWITCH TRUNK FOR SWITCH2 (same port)

SW2(Config)# int fastEthernet 0/5

SW2(Config-if)# Switchport mode trunk
SW2(Config-if)#Exit
SW2(Config)#Exit

SW2(Config)# int fastEthernet 0/6

SW2(Config-if)# Switchport mode trunk
SW2(Config-if)#Exit
SW2(Config)#Exit
SW2#show int trunk

SW3#Config t
SW3(Config)# int fa 0/1
SW3(Config-if)#switchport access vlan 2

SW3#Config t
SW3(Config)# int fa 0/2
SW3(Config-if)#switchport access vlan 3
 SWITCH TO SWITCH TRUNK FOR SWITCH 3 (same port)

SW3(Config)# int fastEthernet 0/3

SW3(Config-if)# Switchport mode trunk
SW3(Config-if)#Exit
SW3(Config)#Exit

SW3(Config)# int fastEthernet 0/4

SW3(Config-if)# Switchport mode trunk
SW3(Config-if)#Exit
SW3(Config)#Exit
SW3#show int trunk

PC9- (ARTS) to PC4 (CSC) – (VLAN 3 to VLAN 2 ) Will not send packets
PC8- (CSC) to PC5 (CSC) – (VLAN 3 to VLAN 3 ) Will send packets
LAB -16 CONFIGURE OF VPN USING PACKET TRACER / GNS3

Step - 1 : 02 PC’s, 03 Roouters

Step - 2 : Connect 01 PC to Router1 and other to Router 3
Step - 3 : Configure IP for all PCS
PC 1- 192.168.1.2 Gateway IP 192.168.1.1
PC2 – 192.168.2.2 Gateway IP 192.168.2.1

Step - 4 Router 0 Configuration

Fast Ethernet 0/0 – 192.168.1.1
Fast Ethernet 0/1 – 1.0.0.2

Step - 5 Router 1 configuration

Fast Ethernet 0/0 – 1.0.0.1
Fast Ethernet 0/1 – 2.0.0.1

Step - 6 Router 2 configuration Fast

Ethernet 0/0 – 192.168.2.1
Fast Ethernet 0/1 – 2.0.0.2

Step -7 Router 0
Click on Config - > Click on Static - > Add
Network - 0.0.0.0
Mask - 0.0.0.0
Next Hop - 1.0.0.1

Step -8 Router 2
Click on Config - > Click on Static - > Add
Network - 0.0.0.0
Mask - 0.0.0.0
Next Hop - 2.0.0.1
Step – 9 Click on Router 0
Exit
Router#ping 2.0.0.2
Router# config t
Router(config)#interface tunnel 1
Router(config-if)#ip address 172.16.1.1 255.255.0.0
Router(config-if)#tunnel source fa 0/1
Router(config-if)#tunnel destination 2.0.0.2
Router(config-if)no shut

Step -10 Router 2

Router(config)#interface tunnel 2 ip
address 172.16.1.2 255.255.0.0
Router(config-if)#tunnel source fa
0/1
Router(config-if)#tunnel destination 1.0.0.2
Router(config-if)#exit

Step -11 Router 0

Click on Config - > Click on Static - > Add
Network - 192.168.2.0
Mask - 255.255.255.0
Next Hop – 172.16.1.2

Step -12 Router 2

Click on Config - > Click on Static - > Add
Network - 192.168.1.0
Mask - 255.255.255.0
Next Hop – 172.16.1.1

Step – 13
Ping from PC1 – ping 192.168.2.2
Tracert 192.168.2.2