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Overview of 1-Wire Add to myAnalog Share

Technology and Its Use Download Article

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articles/guide-to-1wire-
Jun 19 2008
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Abstract

This article provides a general overview of Maxim’s 1-Wire®

technology, its communication concept and the benefit of low pin Related to this Article
count package options. The main section discusses 1-Wire devices
by their feature set and explains the typical applications. The article
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Products
concludes with practical information on how to evaluate 1-Wire
devices, explains device customization options, and references
resources that assist customers with integration of 1-Wire technology DS2413 (/en/products/ds2413)

in their systems. PRODUCTION

1-Wire
Dual
Chann…

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06/09/2024, 09:28 Overview of 1-Wire Technology and Its Use | Analog Devices

What Is 1-Wire Technology?

DS28E50 (/en/products/ds28e50)
The basis of 1-Wire® technology is a serial protocol using a single RECOMMENDED
FOR NEW
data line plus ground reference for communication. A 1-Wire master DESIGNS
initiates and controls the communication with one or more 1-Wire
slave devices on the 1-Wire bus (Figure 1). Each 1-Wire slave device
DeepCov
has a unique, unalterable, factory-programmed, 64-bit identification
Secure
number (ID), which serves as device address on the 1-Wire bus. The
SHA-3…
8-bit family code, a subset of the 64-bit ID, identifies the device type
and functionality. Typically, 1-Wire slave devices operate over the
following four voltage ranges:
DS28E16 (/en/products/ds28e16)
1.71V (min) to 1.89V (max) RECOMMENDED
1.71V (min) to 3.63V (max) FOR NEW
DESIGNS
2.97V (min) to 3.63V (max)
2.8V (min) to 5.25V (max)
1-Wire
Secure
Most 1-Wire devices have no pin for a power supply; they take their
SHA-3…
energy from the 1-Wire bus (parasitic power supply).

Show More

Resources

1-Wire
(/en/resources/technical-
File
HTML articles/1wire-file-
Structure
structure.html)

1-Wire
Software (/en/resources/technical-
Figure 1. The 1-Wire master/slave configuration uses a single data Resource
articles/1wire-software-
line plus ground reference. HTML Guide
resource-guide-device-
Device
Description description.html)

What Is Special About 1-Wire?

1-Wire is a voltage-based digital system that works with two contacts, Overview of (/en/resources/tec
<u>i</u>Button&reg; articles/overview-
data and ground, for half- duplex bidirectional communication.
HTML Sensors and ibuttonreg-sensor
Compared to other serial communication systems such as I2C or SPI, Temperature/Humidity temperaturehumid
1-Wire devices are designed for use in a momentary contact Data Loggers data-loggers.html
environment. Either disconnecting from the 1-Wire bus or a loss of
contact puts the 1-Wire slaves into a defined reset state. When the Protect Your
R&D (/en/resources/technical-
voltage returns, the slaves wake up and signal their presence. With
Investment articles/protect-your-rd-
only one contact to protect, the built-in ESD protection of 1-Wire HTML
with Secure investment-with-secure-
devices is extremely high. With two contacts, 1-Wire devices are the Authentication authentication.html)
most economical way to add electronic functionality to nonelectronic
objects for identification, authentication, and delivery of calibration
Printed
data or manufacturing information. Circuit (/en/resources/technical-
Board articles/printed-circuit-
HTML Identification board-identification-
How Are 1-Wire Devices Packaged? Using 1- using-1wirereg-
Wire&reg; products.html)
1-Wire devices are offered in conventional transistor (TO-92) and IC Products
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(TSOC, TDFN, SOT23) packages. Designed for contact applications

What Is
and easy attachment, the 2-contact SFN1 package accommodates (/en/resources/technical-
an
parasitically powered 1-Wire devices (Figure 2). The 16mm-diameter HTML iButton articles/what-is-an-
stainless steel iButton®2 package protects 1-Wire devices from harsh Device? ibutton-device.html)

environments, making them suitable for indoor and outdoor use

(Figure 3). Many devices are also available as bumped die (Figure 4).
Attachment
Methods (/en/resources/technical-
for the articles/attachment-
Electro- methods-for-the-
HTML
Mechanical

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1-Wire electromechanical-
Contact 1wire-contact-
Package package.html)

Figure 2. The 6.0mm × 6.0mm × 0.9mm SFN package has large

contact areas.

Figure 3. The 16mm-diameter iButton package protects the 1-Wire

chip inside from harsh environments.

Figure 4. A bumped die (WLP) with a 0.5mm pitch.

What Device Functions Are Available, and What Are the

Typical Applications?

Currently, there are a variety of 1-Wire devices. Part numbers that

begin with DS19 are always in iButton packages. The remaining part
numbers in this section, i.e., those that begin with DS24, DS25, and
DS28, are available in conventional plastic packages. If a product is
also available as an SFN, then this is mentioned in the Notes column
of the following part tables. To find up-to-date package information
for any device, go to the Analog website and enter the part number in
the Search field.
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1-Wire devices can be grouped by their functions into several

categories:

Identification only
Identification plus control
Identification plus temperature
Identification plus time
Identification plus NV SRAM
Identification plus one-time programmable (OTP) EPROM
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Identification plus EEPROM
Identification plus SHA-256 authentication and secure
EEPROM
Identification plus SHA-256/ECDSA authentication and secure
memory
Identification plus SHA-3 authentication, ChipDNA™-encrypted
EEPROM
Identification plus data logging

The combination of additional resources determines the typical

application areas for a device. There are numerous other applications
that, for practical reasons, cannot be listed here.

Identification Only

Devices in this category are notable for their low cost. Accordingly,
the level of protection that they can provide is limited. If the DS2401
or DS2411 is used for the protection of intellectual property (IP), one
should consider a customized version of the device. See the Is There
Any Device Customization Available? section for more details.

Part Number Notes Typical Applications

The DS2401 does not

need a VCC supply, Printed circuit
thus this part is board (PCB)
DS2401 suitable for identification and
identification of printer authentication
cartridges and
medical consumables. Accessory/peripheral
identification
VCC power, 1.5V or Protection of IP or
DS2411
higher consumer
electronics
The DS1990R is Printer cartridge
guaranteed to identification
DS1990A
generate a presence Access control
DS1990R
pulse on contact to Asset
reader. management

Identification plus Control

The applications for these parts are similar to the devices above. The
programmable input/output pins (PIOs), however, add control or
feedback capability to the system.

Part Number Notes Typical Applications

Printer cartridge
and medical
disposable
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identification
DS2413 Two 28V PIOs
Rack card control

Accessory/peripheral
identification and
control

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Four 5V ADC inputs,

which can also
DS2450 function as digital PIO. Consumer
This device can be electronics
VCC powered.

Identification plus Temperature

In large electronic equipment (racks), proper cooling/air flow is

critical for reliable operation. The DS28EA00 solves this problem in a
unique way through its chain function,3 which allows detecting the
physical sequence of the device on the 1-Wire bus. When wired for
sequence detection, one of the two PIOs is available for control
functions.

Part Number Notes Typical Applications

If not wired for

sequence detection,
DS28EA00 Rack card monitoring
two PIOs are available
for control functions

This standalone device

measures temperature
Temperature data
DS1920 on command, e.g.,
collection on contact
when a reader touches
it.

Identification plus Time

These devices measure time by counting seconds using a 32-bit

binary counter. Knowing the 0-time reference point (i.e., January 1,
1970, 00:00:00 hours UTC), one can identify any second within 136
years. Counting seconds is particularly convenient to measure time
intervals.

Part Number Notes Typical Applications

The DS2417 is also

available as a wafer-
level package (WLP).
DS2417
Periodic timer interrupt
requires a 6pF, 32kHz
crystal.

This standalone iButton Consumer electronics

device includes a
battery and crystal.
This device is also
DS1904
suited for guard tour
patrol systems, and
time and attendance
applications.
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Identification plus NV SRAM

Data retention for the products outlined in this category is over 10

years. The size of the nonvolatile memory is shown in the Notes
column.

Part Number Notes Typical Applications

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PCB
identification
DS1992 1Kb memory
Access control
Asset
management

4Kb memory. Due to its

lower cost (compared
to the DS1995/DS1996),
this device is also
DS1993
suited for printed circuit
IP protection
board (PCB)
Access control
identification and
Asset
authentication.
management

DS1995 16Kb memory

DS1996 64Kb memory

Identification plus OTP EPROM

All devices in this category use 12V EPROM technology. Since the
packages do not have openings, the bits are OTP—once changed
from 1 to 0, they cannot be reversed. To mark an entire 32-byte page
as invalid and to point to an alternate location for valid data, these
devices have redirection bytes, one for each page. This unique
feature allows changing data while maintaining the change history.
Individual memory pages can be irreversibly write-protected. Write
protection makes OTP EPROMs prime candidates for applications that
need a small amount of data that rarely changes, such as network
addresses4 and PCB identification.5

Part Number Notes Typical Applications

Identification and
usage monitoring of
1Kb memory, available
printer cartridges
DS2502 packages include WLP
and medical
and SFN versions
consumables
Identification and
authentication of
rack cards and PCBs

DS2505 16Kb memory Accessory/peripheral

identification

1Kb memory,
preprogrammed with a
DS2502-E48
MAC-48/EUI-48
Ethernet address
Network address
1Kb memory, PCB identification
preprogrammed with
DS2502-E65
an IEEE® EUI-64 node
address
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DS1982 1Kb memory

PCB identification
Asset
DS1985 16Kb memory management

Identification plus EEPROM

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Compared to the OTP EPROMs, devices in this category do not need
12V for writing. Data can be changed (rewritten), provided that the
memory area or page is not write-protected. Most of these devices
have an EPROM emulation mode, which allows changing bits only
from 1 to 0, as with EPROMs. Due to its high capacity and security,
the DS1977 is used in the gaming industry. The DS28E80 is used
extensively in the medical industry due to its gamma-radiation-
resistant memory and circuits.

Part Number Notes Typical Applications

Medical consumable
and PCB identification
112 bytes of user
DS28E05 Peripheral
memory
identification
Printer cartridge
identification

Accessory/PCB
identification
Aftermarket
management of
DS28E07 1024-bit memory
consumables
Printer cartridge
identification
Medical sensor
calibration data storage

Identification of
248 bytes of user
medical consumables
DS28E80 memory; gamma
Identification and
radiation resistant
calibration medical
tools/accessories

1Kb memory, EPROM Identification and

emulation, page usage monitoring of
write protection. printer cartridges and
DS2431
available packages medical consumables
include WLP and Identification of rack
SFN versions cards and PCBs

Accessory/peripheral
identification
20Kb memory,
Protection of IP and
EPROM emulation,
DS28EC20 authentication
block (four pages)
Consumer
write protection
electronics

Identification and
usage monitoring of
printer cartridges and
4Kb memory, medical consumables
available packages Identification of rack
DS24B33
include WLP and cards and PCBs
SFN versions Medical sensor
calibration data storage
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Accessory/peripheral
identification

4Kb memory, two 5V Autoconfiguration of

PIOs, seven 1-Wire
modular rack mounted
DS28E04-100 address inputs,
systems
EPROM emulation,
Accessory/PCB
page write protection
identification

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DS1971 256b memory

Access control

1Kb memory, EPROM

Access control
DS1972 emulation, page
Asset management
write protection

Maintenance/inspection
DS1973 4Kb memory data storage

32KB memory,
DS1977 Asset management
password protection
Gaming

Identification plus SHA-256 Authentication and Secure EEPROM

All the devices in this secure category use a symmetric key

challenge-response authentication model.6 Thus, authentication of
the device and writing to the devices with proper protections
activated requires knowledge of the device's secret and the ability to
compute a SHA-256 MAC. Except for the secret, memory data is
readable without restrictions. All the devices support challenge and
response authentication, EPROM emulation for user memory pages,
and various protections of the secret and memory pages. See the Is
There Any Device Customization Available? section for
preprogramming service.

Part Number Notes Typical Applications

Medical
consumable
512-bit memory, identification and
bidirectional
authentication
DS28E15 authentication; the EL
Secure feature
DS28EL15 part number is a low-
control
voltage (1.671V to
Printer
1.89V) device
cartridge
identification and
authentication

Authentication
of network-
attached
appliances
Key generation
and exchange for
cryptographic
systems
Printer
cartridge
2048-bit memory, ID/authentication
bidirectional
Reference
DS28E22 authentication, the EL
design license
DS28EL22 part number is a low
management
voltage (1.671V to
Secure feature
1.89V) device
Site Feedback

setting for
configurable
systems

Sensor/accessory
authentication
and calibration
System
intellectual
property
protection

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Identification
and
authentication of
consumables
4096-bit memory, Reference
bidirectional design license
DS28E25 authentication, the EL management
DS28EL25 part number is a low
voltage (1.671V to Sensor/accessory
1.89V) device authentication
and calibration
System
intellectual
property
protection

512-bit memory, Access control

bidirectional Authentication
DS1964S
authentication, iButton of consumables
device Secure feature
control

SHA-256
I2C interface for host coprocessor
DS2465 communication and 1-Wire master
built-in 1-Wire master to drive SHA-256
enabled slaves on
the 1-Wire bus

Identification plus ECDSA Authentication and Secure Memory

All the devices in this secure category use an asymmetric key secure
authentication model using the ECDSA algorithm. Some of the
devices can be used for either SHA-256 or ECDSA based
authentication. Authenticated or non-authenticated GPIO pins for
control of external components/sensors are available on the
DS28E36, DS28E83, and the DS28E84. The devices also have a
decrement-only counter feature that enables the user to meter the
usage of disposables. Two of the devices deploy Maxim’s ChipDNA
physically unclonable function (PUF) technology to secure device
data. The DS28E83/84 are high radiation resistant, thus uniquely
suited for medical sterilization applications. See the Is There Any
Device Customization Available? section for preprogramming
service.

Part Number Notes Typical Applications

Accessory and
peripheral secure
8Kb memory, authentication
bidirectional ECDSA or IoT node
SHA-256 protection
Secure boot or
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authentication, two
GPIOs, decrement download of
DS28E36
counter, on-chip firmware and/or
random number system
generator (RNG), ECDH parameters
(elliptic curve Diffie- Secure
Hellman key exchange) storage of
cryptographic
keys for a host
controller

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Authentication
of medical
sensors and tools
IoT node
authentication
Peripheral
2Kb memory, authentication
unidirectional ECDSA Printer
DS28E38 authentication, cartridge
ChipDNA, decrement identification and
counter, on-chip RNG authentication
Reference
design license
management
Secure
management of
limited-use
consumables

Identification
and
authentication of
consumables
Reference
2Kb memory, design license
bidirectional ECDSA
management
DS28E39 authentication,
ChipDNA, decrement
Sensor/accessory
counter, on-chip RNG
authentication
and calibration
System
intellectual
property
protection

Accessory and
10Kb of OTP memory, peripheral secure
bidirectional ECDSA or authentication
SHA-256 Medical
DS28E83
authentication, high consumables
radiation resistance, secure
on-chip RNG, ECDH authentication
Medical
tools/accessories
identification and
calibration
Secure boot or
15Kb of FRAM, 10Kb of download of
OTP memory, firmware and/or
bidirectional ECDSA or system
DS28E84 SHA-256 parameters
authentication, high Secure
radiation resistance, storage of
on-chip RNG, ECDH cryptographic
keys for host
controllers

ECDSA and
SHA-256
Site Feedback

I2C interface for host coprocessor to

communication; 8Kb of
enable the host to
DS2476 memory for data, keys,
effectively
and certification
communicate
storage
with ECDSA/SHA-
256 enabled 1-
Wire slaves

Identification plus SHA-3 Authentication and Secure EEPROM

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The devices in this secure category use the SHA-3 challenge-
response symmetric key secure authentication model. The devices
deploy Maxim’s ChipDNA PUF technology to secure device data. It
also has robust counter measures to protect against security attacks.
See the Is There Any Device Customization Available? section for
preprogramming service.

Part Number Notes Typical Applications

Authentication
of medical
sensors and tools
IoT node
authentication
Peripheral
2Kb memory, authentication
bidirectional SHA-3 Printer
DS28E50 authentication, cartridge
ChipDNA, decrement identification and
counter, on-chip RNG authentication
Reference
design license
management
Secure
management of
limited-use
consumables

SHA-3
coprocessor and
1-Wire master
Optimized to
I2C interface for host
drive SHA-3
DS2477 communication and
enabled slaves on
built-in 1-Wire master
the 1-Wire bus
Can be
configured to be
used with other 1-
Wire slaves

Peripheral
authentication
256-bit memory, Printer
unidirectional SHA-3 cartridge
DS28E16 authentication, identification and
decrement counter, on- authentication
chip RNG, very low cost Secure
management of
limited-use
consumables

Identification plus Data Logging

These devices are self-contained data loggers for temperature data

(Thermochron®). The DS1923 can also record humidity
Site Feedback

(Hygrochron™). The principal differences among the devices are the

size of the data memory and the level of data protection (password).
Devices for different temperature ranges are available to meet the
requirements of the various applications.7

Part Number Notes Typical Applications

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2KB temperature
DS1921G
logger, -40°C to +85°C

2KB temperature
DS1921H logger, high resolution,
+15°C to +46°C
Temperature
2KB temperature monitoring for
DS1921Z logger, high resolution,
environmental
-5°C to +26°C
science
Temperature
8KB temperature
DS1922E monitoring for
logger, +15°C to +140°C
food safety
Quality
8KB temperature
DS1922L assurance for
logger, -40°C to +85°C
shipments of
food, produce,
8KB temperature
DS1922T and
logger, 0°C to +125°C
pharmaceutical
products
8KB temperature and
DS1923 humidity logger, -20°C
to +85°C

122KB temperature
DS1925
logger, -40°C to +85°C

How Does One Get Hands-On Experience with 1-Wire

Products?

If a PC with a free USB port and Internet access is available, the only
items needed are: a 1-Wire adapter, evaluation (EV) software, some
simple cabling, and the 1-Wire devices to evaluate. The current
product prices and availability can be found on the Analog website.
The OneWireViewer software8 and related drivers can be
downloaded for free.

A more economical approach is to buy one of the EV kits. Each kit

includes a 1-Wire adapter, a selection of 1-Wire or iButton devices,
and the necessary cabling and accessories. Table 1 describes the EV
kits available at the time of this publication. The contents of EV kits
can change as new parts become available. Devices not included in a
kit need to be purchased separately. The software that run the EV kits
are available for free from the Maxim website or upon request
depending upon the security level of the product. The package type
(plastic or iButton) determines which kit best fits an application.

Table 1. EV Kit Overview

1-Wire
EV Kit Part Package
Evaluates Adapter Notes
Number Contents
Type

Cable
with iButton
probe
Various
Site Feedback

iButton USB, iButton

DS9092K#
devices DS9490R devices

Mechanical
iButton
mounting
accessories

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Cable
with iButton
probe
iButton USB,
DS1921K# DS1921G
devices DS9490R

Mechanical
mounting
accessories

Compatible
with
Cable DS1922L,
with iButton DS1922T,
probe DS1922E
iButton USB,
DS1925EVKIT# DS1921L and
devices DS9490R
DS1923.
Mechanical (These are
mounting not
accessories included in
the kit.)

Cable
DS2465
EV kit
board
DS1402-
USB,
DS1964SEVKIT# DS1964S RP8 1-Wire
DS9400
network
cable

DS1964S
iButton
device

Three
EV boards
USB, with
DS28EA00EVKIT# DS28EA00
DS9490R DS28EA00
installed
RJ-11
cables

This kit
Cable can also
with be used to
evaluate
DS9120P+
USB, other 1-
socket
DS28E05EVKIT# DS28E05 DS9481R- Wire
board
3C7 products
available in
DS28E05 in
TSOC or
TSOC
TO-92
package
packages.

Cable
with
DS9120Q+
USB,
socket
DS28E80EVKIT# DS28E80 DS9481R-
board
3C7
Site Feedback

DS28E80 in
TDFN
package

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Cable
DS2465
EV kit
board
USB,
DS28E15EVKIT# DS28E15
DS9400 DS9120Q+
socket
board
DS28E15
in TDFN
package

USB
cable with
DS9121BQ+
USB, socket
DS28E16
DS28E16EVKIT# DS9481P- boards
DS2477
300# DS28E16
and
DS2477 in
TDFN
packages

Cable
DS2465
EV kit
board

USB,
DS28E22EVKIT# DS28E22 DS9120Q+
DS9400
socket
board

DS28E22 in
TDFN
package

Cable
DS2465
EV kit
board

USB,
DS28E25EVKIT# DS28E25 DS9120Q+
DS9400
socket
board

DS28E25 in
TDFN
package

USB
cable with
DS9121AQ+
socket
USB,
DS28E36 boards
DS28E36EVKIT# DS9481P-
DS2476
300#
DS28E36
and
DS2476 in
Site Feedback

TDFN
packages

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USB
cable with
DS9121AQ+
socket
USB,
DS28E38 boards
DS28E38EVKIT# DS9481P-
DS2476
300#
DS28E38
and
DS2476 in
TDFN
packages

USB
cable with
DS9121AQ+
socket
USB,
DS28E39 boards
DS28E39EVKIT# DS9481P-
DS2476
300#
DS28E39
and
DS2476 in
TDFN
packages

USB
cable with
DS9121BQ+
socket
USB,
DS28E50 boards
DS28E50EVKIT# DS9481P-
DS2477
300#
DS28E50
and
DS2477 in
TDFN
packages

USB
cable with
DS9121AQ+
socket
USB,
DS28E83 boards
DS28E83EVKIT# DS9481P-
DS2476
300#
DS28E83
and
DS2476 in
TDFN
packages

USB
cable with
DS9121AQ+
socket
USB,
DS28E84 boards
DS28E84EVKIT# DS9481P-
DS2476
300#
DS28E84
and
DS2476 in
TDFN
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packages

What Are the Next Steps to a 1-Wire Application?

Once the 1-Wire products are selected, one needs to choose a type
of master circuit (i.e., the equivalent of the 1-Wire adapter in the kits).
For embedded applications, there is a multitude of choices, based on

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06/09/2024, 09:28 Overview of 1-Wire Technology and Its Use | Analog Devices
the available system resources.9 Applications that require significant
cabling between the 1-Wire devices benefit from a specialized master
circuit.10

Besides hardware, firmware is needed to communicate with the 1-

Wire devices, to write or read data, and to exercise control functions.
A selection of software drivers 11 for various platforms is available for
free download from the Maxim website. For device-specific drivers,
application program interfaces (APIs), and software examples, see
the 1-Wire Software Resource Guide.12 This guide also includes API
functions based on the 1-Wire File Structure (OWFS),13 which are
particularly useful when working with more than a few hundred bytes
of data.

Is There Any Device Customization Available?

Maxim offers two types of device customization. Custom ROM is

quite popular with identification-only devices, but it is applicable to all
devices with a 64-bit ID number. With custom ROM, a pool of 68.7 ×
109 numbers (equivalent to 36 bits) is committed to the sole use of a
single customer. Examples of custom ROM are found in Maxim
application note 178.5 This type of customization occurs before
packaging, which causes a long lead-time. For SHA-
256/ECDSA/SHA-3 enabled EEPROM/OTP/FRAM devices, Maxim
provides a secure preprogramming service to install data and the
secret. For details, submit a tech support request to the factory.

Summary

1-Wire technology is based on a serial communication protocol that

uses a single data line plus ground reference between the master and
slave. The 1-Wire slaves are available in plastic packages as bumped
die or stainless-steel iButton form. The minimum function of 1-Wire
slaves is a 64-bit ID number. Additional functions are PIO,
temperature sensor, time counter, NV SRAM, OTP EPROM, EEPROM,
SHA-256/SHA-3/ECDSA engine, SHA-256/SHA-3/ECDSA secure
EEPROM, temperature logging and humidity logging. Typical
applications for 1-Wire devices include identification and
authentication of consumables, rack cards, PCBs, computer
accessories, and the protection of IP (e.g., cloning prevention).
Special uses of iButton devices are access control, asset
management, guard tour systems, time and attendance, electronic
cash, and temperature monitoring for food and pharmaceutical
safety. Starter EV kits and software drivers are available to assist
customers integrating 1-Wire technology in their systems.

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