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Python Essentials

The document provides a comprehensive overview of Python essentials, covering topics such as basic syntax, control flow, functions, data structures, string manipulation, file handling, error handling, object-oriented programming, and modules. It includes practical examples and mini-projects to reinforce learning. Each section is designed to introduce key concepts and functionalities in Python programming.

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melamadithya11
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10 views10 pages

Python Essentials

The document provides a comprehensive overview of Python essentials, covering topics such as basic syntax, control flow, functions, data structures, string manipulation, file handling, error handling, object-oriented programming, and modules. It includes practical examples and mini-projects to reinforce learning. Each section is designed to introduce key concepts and functionalities in Python programming.

Uploaded by

melamadithya11
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Python Essentials

Page 1: Introduction & Basics

# Hello World
print("Hello, World!")

# Variables and Data Types


name = "Alice"
age = 25
is_student = True

# Input/Output
user_input = input("Enter something: ")
print("You entered:", user_input)
Python Essentials

Page 2: Control Flow

# If-else
x = 10
if x > 5:
print("x is greater than 5")
else:
print("x is 5 or less")

# Loops
for i in range(5):
print(i)

i = 0
while i < 5:
print(i)
i += 1
Python Essentials

Page 3: Functions

# Function with arguments and return


def add(a, b):
return a + b

print(add(3, 4))

# Lambda function
square = lambda x: x*x
print(square(5))
Python Essentials

Page 4: Data Structures

# List
fruits = ["apple", "banana", "cherry"]
print(fruits[0])

# Tuple
coordinates = (10, 20)

# Dictionary
student = {"name": "Bob", "age": 22}

# Set
unique_numbers = {1, 2, 3}

# List Comprehension
squares = [x*x for x in range(5)]
print(squares)
Python Essentials

Page 5: String Manipulation

# String Slicing
s = "Hello, World!"
print(s[0:5])

# String Methods
print(s.lower())
print(s.upper())

# String Formatting
name = "Alice"
print(f"Hello, {name}")
Python Essentials

Page 6: File Handling

# Writing to a file
with open("sample.txt", "w") as f:
f.write("Hello, file!")

# Reading from a file


with open("sample.txt", "r") as f:
content = f.read()
print(content)
Python Essentials

Page 7: Error Handling

try:
x = int(input("Enter a number: "))
print(10 / x)
except ValueError:
print("Invalid input!")
except ZeroDivisionError:
print("Cannot divide by zero!")
Python Essentials

Page 8: Object-Oriented Programming

class Person:
def __init__(self, name):
self.name = name

def greet(self):
print("Hello, my name is", self.name)

class Student(Person):
def __init__(self, name, student_id):
super().__init__(name)
self.student_id = student_id

s = Student("Alice", "S101")
s.greet()
Python Essentials

Page 9: Modules & Libraries

import math, random, datetime

print(math.sqrt(16))
print(random.randint(1, 10))
print(datetime.datetime.now())

# Custom module (e.g., my_module.py)


# def greet(name):
# return f"Hello, {name}"
Python Essentials

Page 10: Projects & Practice

# Mini Project: Calculator


def calculator(a, b, op):
if op == "+":
return a + b
elif op == "-":
return a - b
elif op == "*":
return a * b
elif op == "/":
return a / b

print(calculator(10, 5, "+"))

# Practice: Reverse a string


print("Python"[::-1])

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