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Function

The document provides an overview of functions in C, including their definition, types, advantages, and categories. It explains function declaration, definition, calling methods, and differences between formal and actual parameters, as well as recursive functions. Additionally, it includes example programs demonstrating the calculation of the area of a sphere, checking for prime numbers, and calculating the area of a rectangle.

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tanishkansara77
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2 views

Function

The document provides an overview of functions in C, including their definition, types, advantages, and categories. It explains function declaration, definition, calling methods, and differences between formal and actual parameters, as well as recursive functions. Additionally, it includes example programs demonstrating the calculation of the area of a sphere, checking for prime numbers, and calculating the area of a rectangle.

Uploaded by

tanishkansara77
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Functions in C

1. Definition of Function

A function is a self-contained block of code that performs a specific task. Functions are used to
divide a large program into smaller, manageable, and reusable sections.

2. Types of Functions in C

• Library Functions: Predefined in C libraries (e.g., printf(), scanf()).

• User-Defined Functions: Functions created by the user to perform specific tasks.

3. Advantages of Functions

• Code reusability

• Easier debugging and maintenance

• Improved code clarity and readability

• Facilitates code testing

4. Categories of User-Defined Functions

• Functions without arguments and without return values

• Functions without arguments and with return values

• Functions with arguments and without return values

• Functions with arguments and with return values

5. Function Declaration, Definition, and Calling

• Declaration: Function prototype, specifying the function name, return type, and parameters.

int add(int, int);

• Definition: The actual implementation of the function.

int add(int a, int b) {

return a + b;

• Calling: Executing the function using its name.

int result = add(5, 10);

6. Function Call Types

• Call by Value: Copies the value of actual parameters into formal parameters.

o Example:

void swap(int a, int b) {

int temp = a;
a = b;

b = temp;

• Call by Reference: Passes the address of actual parameters, allowing changes to be reflected
outside the function.

o Example:

void swap(int *a, int *b) {

int temp = *a;

*a = *b;

*b = temp;

7. Formal vs. Actual Parameters

• Formal Parameters: Variables declared in the function definition.

• Actual Parameters: Values or variables passed to the function during the function call.

8. Recursive Functions

A recursive function is a function that calls itself directly or indirectly.

• Example:

int factorial(int n) {

if (n == 0) return 1;

else return n * factorial(n - 1);

9. Example Programs

1. Area of a Sphere

#include <stdio.h>

#define PI 3.14159

float sphereArea(float radius) {

return 4 * PI * radius * radius;

int main() {

float r;

printf("Enter the radius of the sphere: ");


scanf("%f", &r);

printf("Area of the sphere: %.2f", sphereArea(r));

return 0;

2. Prime Number Check

#include <stdio.h>

int isPrime(int num) {

if (num <= 1) return 0;

for (int i = 2; i <= num / 2; i++) {

if (num % i == 0) return 0;

return 1;

int main() {

int n;

printf("Enter a number: ");

scanf("%d", &n);

if (isPrime(n))

printf("%d is a prime number.", n);

else

printf("%d is not a prime number.", n);

return 0;

3. Area of a Rectangle

#include <stdio.h>

int rectangleArea(int length, int width) {

return length * width;

int main() {

int l, w;

printf("Enter length and width of the rectangle: ");


scanf("%d %d", &l, &w);

printf("Area of the rectangle: %d", rectangleArea(l, w));

return 0;

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