22 Vectors


cos 2   cos 2   cos 2   1 23. (b) r  (a cos  t)ˆi  (a sin t)ˆj
1 
 3 cos 2   1  cos    dr
v  a sin t ˆi  a cos  t ˆj
3 dt

A As r .v  0 therefore velocity of the particle is perpendicular
 A x  A y  A z  A cos  
3 to the position vector.
 24. (d) Displacement, electrical and acceleration are vector quantities.
7. (a) A  2ˆi  4 ˆj  5kˆ  | A |  (2) 2  (4 )2  (5) 2  45 25. (b) Magnitude of unit vector = 1
2 4 5
 cos   , cos   , cos    (0.5)2  (0.8)2  c 2  1
45 45 45
By solving we get c  0.11
8. (b) Unit vector along y axis  ˆj so the required vector
26. (b)
 ˆj  [(ˆi  3ˆj  2kˆ )  (3ˆi  6 ˆj  7kˆ )]   4ˆi  2ˆj  5kˆ D C
  
9. (b) F3  F1  F2 300 m
 
There should be minimum three coplaner F3 F2
vectors having different magnitude which A B
should be added to give zero resultant  400 m
F1
Displacement AC  AB  BC
10. (d) Diagonal of the hall = l 2  b 2  h2
AC  ( AB)2  (BC)2  (400)2  (300)2  500m
 10 2  12 2  14 2
h Distance  AB  BC  400  300  700m
 100  144  196
l b 27. (a) Resultant of vectors A and B
 400  20m
R  A  B  4ˆi  3ˆj  6kˆ  ˆi  3ˆj  8 kˆ

11. (d) Total angle = 100   2
50 R  3ˆi  6 ˆj  2kˆ
So all the force will pass through one point and all forces will
be balanced. i.e. their resultant will be zero. ˆ  R  3ˆi  6 ˆj  2kˆ 3ˆi  6 ˆj  2kˆ
R 
   | R| 3 2  6 2  (2)2 7
12. (d) r  r2  r1  (2ˆi  2ˆj  0kˆ )  (4ˆi  4 ˆj  0kˆ )
 28. (a)   B. A . In this formula A is a area vector.
 r  6ˆi  2ˆj  0kˆ
   
 29. (a) r  a  b  c  4ˆi  ˆj  3ˆi  2ˆj  kˆ  ˆi  ˆj  kˆ
 | r |  (6)2  (2)2  0 2  36  4  40  2 10
 ˆi  ˆj  kˆ ˆi  ˆj  kˆ
r
   1   1
2

2 rˆ   
1 ˆ 1 ˆ
P i j | P |      =1 | r| 1 2  1 2  (1)2
 2   2
13. (a) 3

2 2    
A.B 9  16  25 50
 It is a unit vector. 30. (d) cos    = 1
| A || B | 9  16  25 9  16  25 50
14. (b)

ˆi  ˆj  cos   1    cos 1 (1)
R 1 ˆ 1 ˆ
15. (c) R̂    i j 
| R| 1 1
2 2 2 2 31. (a) r  3 t 2ˆi  4 t 2 ˆj  7kˆ
 
16. (c) R  3ˆi  ˆj  2kˆ at t  0 , r1  7 kˆ

 Length in XY plane = R x2  Ry2  3 2  1 2  10 at t  10 sec , r2  300ˆi  400ˆj  7kˆ ,
 
17. (a) If the angle between all forces which are equal and lying in one r  r2  r1  300ˆi  400ˆj
plane are equal then resultant force will be zero.
  
| r | | r2  r1 |  (300)2  (400)2  500m
18. (b) A  ˆi  ˆj  | A |  12  12  2
Ax 1 32. (b) Resultant of vectors A and B
cos     cos 45    45
| A| 2 R  A  B  4ˆi  3ˆj  8ˆi  8 ˆj  12ˆi  5 ˆj
19. (c) ˆ ˆ
ˆ  R  12i  5 j 12ˆi  5 ˆj
20. (c) R 
| R| (12)2  (5)2 13
21. (d) All quantities are tensors.
 
22. (d) P  Q  PP ˆ  QQ ˆ
 Vectors 23

A.B (2ˆi  3 ˆj) (ˆi  ˆj) 2  3 5 7. (b) R A 2  B 2  2 AB cos

33. (a)     
| i  j| 2 2 2 By substituting, A  F, B  F and R  F we get
A.B (3ˆi  4 ˆj  5 kˆ ) (3ˆi  4 ˆj  5 kˆ ) 1
34. (a) cos    cos    120
| A || B | 9  16  25 9  16  25 2
8. (a)
9  16  25  
 0 9. (d) If two vectors A and B are given then the resultant R max =
50
A  B  7 N and R min  4  3  1 N
 cos   0 ,    90
i.e. net force on the particle is between 1 N and 7 N.

Addition and Subtraction of Vectors 10. (b) If C lies outside the plane then resultant force can not be
zero.
1. (a) For 17 N both the vector should be parallel i.e. angle between 11. (d)
them should be zero.
For 7 N both the vectors should be antiparallel i.e. angle 12. (c) F  F12  F22  2 F1 F2 cos 90  F12  F22
between them should be 180° 13. (a)
For 13 N both the vectors should be perpendicular to each 14. (c)
other i.e. angle between them should be 90°

2. (b) A  B  4ˆi  3ˆj  6ˆi  8 ˆj  10ˆi  5 ˆj 15. (c) C  A2  B2


 C

| A  B |  (10)2  (5)2  5 5 The angle between A and B is B
2
5 1 1 90°
tan       tan 1  
10 2 2 
A
3. (d) From figure   
v1 =20 m/s
16. (c) R  A  B = 6ˆi  7 ˆj  3ˆi  4 ˆj = 9ˆi  11ˆj
v 1  20 ˆj and v 2  20ˆi
v2 =20 m/s 
v  v 2  v 1  20(ˆi  ˆj)  | R |  9 2  11 2  81  121  202
 O
| v |  20 2 and direction 17. (c) R  12 2  5 2  6 2  144  25  36  205  14.31 m
v – v1   
  tan 1 (1)  45 i.e. S–W 18. (c) A  3ˆi  2ˆj  kˆ , B  ˆi  3ˆj  5kˆ , C  2ˆi  ˆj  4 kˆ
4. (b) Let n̂1 and n̂ 2 are the two unit vectors, then the sum is 
| A |  3 2  (2)2  1 2  9  4  1  14
n s  nˆ 1  nˆ 2 or ns2  n12  n22  2n1n2 cos  
| B |  1 2  (3)2  5 2  1  9  25  35
 1  1  2 cos 
| A |  2 2  1 2  (4 )2  4  1  16  21
Since it is given that n s is also a unit vector, therefore
1 As B  A 2  C 2 therefore ABC will be right angled
1  1  1  2 cos  cos      120
2 triangle.
19. (c)
Now the difference vector is nˆ d  nˆ 1  nˆ 2 or   
20. (b) C  A  B .
nd2  n12  n22  2n1n2 cos   1  1  2 cos(120)
The value of C lies between A  B and A  B
   
 nd2  2  2(1 / 2)  2  1  3  nd  3  | C |  | A | or | C |  | B |

5. (b) A  2 B  3C  (2ˆi  ˆj)  2(3ˆj  kˆ )  3(6ˆi  2kˆ ) 21. (a)

22. (d)
 2ˆi  ˆj  6 ˆj  2kˆ  18ˆi  6kˆ = 20ˆi  5 ˆj  4 kˆ 23. (d) Here all the three force will not keep the particle in equilibrium
so the net force will not be zero and the particle will move
6. (a) P 1  m v sin ˆi  m v cos ˆj with an acceleration.
24. (a) A  B  16 (given) …(i)
and P 2  m v sin ˆi  m v cos ˆj B sin
tan    tan 90
So change in momentum A  B cos
A
 A  B cos  0  cos  …(ii)
P  P 2  P 1  2 m v cos  ˆj, |  P |  2 m v cos B
 24 Vectors

8 A 2  B 2  2 AB cos …(iii) 38. (a) C A2  B2

By solving eq. (i), (ii) and (iii) we get A  6 N , B  10 N 
   = 32  4 2  5 C 
25. (c) | P |  5 , | Q |  12 and | R |  13 B

   Angle between A and B is
Q 12 R  2
cos   Q 
R 13 39. (c) A
40. (d)   N
 12  –v1 v1
   cos 1    
 13  P
W E

B v
26. (b)  A  B  2 AB cos 
2 2
…(i) 
2 v2
S
B sin
 tan 90   A  B cos   0
A  B cos  If the magnitude of vector remains same, only direction change
A by  then
 cos   
B
v  v 2  v1 , v  v 2  (v1 )
B2 B
Hence, from (i)  A2  B2  2A2  A  3
4 2  
Magnitude of change in vector | v |  2v sin 
A 3 2
 cos        150
B 2
  90 
| v |  2  10  sin  = 10 2 = 14.14 m / s
27. (b) (ˆi  2ˆj  2kˆ )  (2ˆi  ˆj  kˆ )  R  i  2 

 Required vector R =  2ˆi  ˆj  kˆ Direction is south-west as shown in figure.
     
28. (a) Resultant R  P  Q  P  Q  2 P 41. (a) AC  AB  BC
20km
  B C
The angle between P and 2 P is zero.
AC  ( AB)  (BC) 2 2
10km
29. (b) R
Q
 (10) 2  (20) 2
A
  100  400  500  22.36 km
P
Q sin (b) cos  
F1 .F2
 tan 90   P  Q cos  0 42.
P  Q cos  | F1 || F2 |

P P (5ˆi  10 ˆj  20kˆ ).(10ˆi  5 ˆj  15kˆ ) 50  50  300

cos      cos 1    
Q  Q  25  100  400 100  25  225 525 350
30. (a) According to problem P  Q  3 and P  Q  1 1
 cos      45
P 2
By solving we get P  2 and Q  1   2  P  2Q
Q 43. (d) If two vectors A and B are given then Range of their resultant
31. (c) can be written as ( A  B)  R  ( A  B) .
32. (c) i.e. Rmax  A  B and Rmin  A  B
33. (c)
If B = 1 and A = 4 then their resultant will lies in between 3N
34. (d) F1  F2  F3  0  4ˆi  6 ˆj  F3  0 and 5N. It can never be 2N.

 F3  4ˆi  6 ˆj 44. (d) A  3 N , B  2 N then R  A 2  B 2  2 AB cos 

  R  9  4  12 cos  …(i)
35. (a) v  2v sin   2  v  sin 90
2 Now A  6 N , B  2 N then
 2  100  200 km/hr 2 R  36  4  24 cos  …(ii)
36. (c) 1
from (i) and (ii) we get cos       120
2
37. (d) Resultant velocity  20  15 2 2
45. (a) In N forces of equal magnitude works
= 400  225  625  25 km/hr on a single point and their resultant is F
120°
120° F
120°

F
 Vectors 25
zero then angle between any two forces is given
3. (d) W  F . S  FS cos
360 360
   120 1
N 3  50  10  cos 60  50  10   250 J .
2
If these three vectors are represented by three sides of triangle
then they form equilateral triangle 4. (a) S  r2  r1
46. (c) Resultant of two vectors A and B can be given by
W  F . S  (4ˆi  ˆj  3kˆ ). (11ˆi  11ˆj  15kˆ )
R  AB
 (4  11  1  11  3  15)  100 J.
| R | | A  B |  A 2  B 2  2 AB cos 
5. (a) ( A  B) is perpendicular to ( A  B) . Thus
If   0 then | R |  A  B | A |  | B |
47. (d) Rmax  A  B  17 when   0 ( A  B) . ( A  B) = 0

Rmin  A  B  7 when   180 or A 2  B . A  A . B  B 2  0

by solving we get A  12 and B  5
Because of commutative property of dot product A.B  B. A
Now when   90 then R  A2  B2
 A 2  B 2  0 or A  B
 R  (12)2  (5)2  169  13 Thus the ratio of magnitudes A/B = 1
48. (a) If two vectors are perpendicular then their dot product must 6. (b) Let A .( B  A)  A . C
be equal to zero. According to problem
( A  B).( A  B)  0  A. A  A.B  B. A  B.B  0 Here C  B  A Which is perpendicular to both vector

 A2  B2  0  A2  B2 A and B  A. C  0
 A  B i.e. two vectors are equal to each other in
magnitude. 7. (c) We know that A  B  (B  A) because the angle between
these two is always 90°.
49. (a) v y  20 and v x  10 y
 But if the angle between A and B is 0 or  . Then
 velocity v  10ˆi  20 ˆj v
vy AB  B A  0 .
direction of velocity with x axis
vy 20 ˆi ˆj kˆ
tan    2  x
vx 10 vx 8. (b) AB  3 1 2
2 2 4
   tan 1 (2)
50. (c) Rmax  A  B when   0  Rmax  12  8  20 N  (1  4  2  2)ˆi  (2  2  4  3)ˆj  (3  2  1  2)kˆ

51. (c) R A 2  B 2  2 AB cos   8ˆi  8 ˆj  8 kˆ

If A  B  P and   120 then R  P
Magnitude of A  B | A  B |  (8) 2  (8)2  (8) 2
52. (a) Sum of the vectors R  5ˆi  8 ˆj  2ˆi  7 ˆj  7ˆi  15 ˆj
8 3
magnitude of R | R |  49  225  274
53. (d) ˆi ˆj kˆ
9. (b)   r  F  3 2 3
Multiplication of Vectors 2 3 4

(c) Given vectors can be rewritten as A  2ˆi  3ˆj  8 kˆ and

 (2  4 )  (3  3) ˆi  (2  3)  (3  4 )ˆj
1.
B  4ˆi  4 ˆj  kˆ
Dot product of these vectors should be equal to zero because  (3  3)  (2  2)kˆ  17 ˆi  6 ˆj  13 kˆ
they are perpendicular.
10. (d) From the property of vector product, we notice that C must
 A . B  8  12  8  0  8  4    1 / 2
be perpendicular to the plane formed by vector A and B .
2. (b) Let A  2ˆi  3ˆj  kˆ and B  4ˆi  6 ˆj  kˆ Thus C is perpendicular to both A and B and
A and B are parallel to each other ( A  B) vector also, must lie in the plane formed by vector A
a1 a 2 a 3 2 3 1 and B . Thus C must be perpendicular to ( A  B) also but
  i.e.      2.
b1 b 2 b 3 4 6 
 26 Vectors
 
the cross product ( A  B) gives a vector C which can not be F.P  0    90
perpendicular to itself. Thus the last statement is wrong.  
26. (d) | A  B |  | (2ˆi  3ˆj)  (ˆi  4 ˆj)|  | 5kˆ |  5 units
11. (b) We know that, Angular momentum
27. (d)
 
L  r  p in terms of component becomes 28. (b) A  B  0  sin  0    0
y
Two vectors will be parallel to each other.
ˆi ˆj kˆ m    
L x y z v 29. (b) A  B and B  A are parallel and opposite to each other. So
b the angle will be .
px py pz    
30. (b) Vector (P  Q) lies in a plane and vector (P  Q) is
x
O perpendicular to this plane i.e. the angle between given vectors
As motion is in x-y plane (z = 0 and Pz  0 ), so 
is .
2
L  k (xp y  yp x )
Here x = vt, y = b, p x  m v and p y  0 31. (d) 2 2  3 2  2  2  3  cos  1
 
By solving we get   180  A  B  0
 L  k vt  0  b mv   mvb kˆ
  32. (c) Dot product of two perpendicular vector will be zero.
12. (d) F1 .F2  (2ˆj  5kˆ )(3ˆj  4 kˆ ) 
AB 42  24  12 56
 6  20  20  6  26
33. (d) cos   
AB 36  36  9 49  16  16 9 71
13. (c) Force F lie in the x-y plane so a vector along z-axis will be
perpendicular to F. 56 5  5
      cos    sin  or   sin1  
14. (d) A.B | A | . | B | . cos   A.B. cos 90  0 3  3 
9 71  
15. (c)  

V1  V1 34. (b) Direction of vector A is along z-axis  A  akˆ

V 'net 
Vnet Direction of vector B is towards north  B  bˆj
 

V2  Now A  B  akˆ  bˆj  ab(ˆj)
 –V2    
According to problem | V1  V2 |  | V1  V2 |  The direction is A  B is along west.
   
 |
 | Vnet |  | Vnet A.B 1 1
35. (d) cos         60
So V1 and V2 will be mutually perpendicular. | A || B | 2 2 2

16. (c) W  F.r  (5ˆi  3ˆj)(2ˆi  ˆj)  10  3  7 J. 36. (d) AB  (4ˆi  5 ˆj  6kˆ )  (3ˆi  4 ˆj  5kˆ ) = ˆi  ˆj  kˆ
 
17.
A.B
(b) cos     
264
 0    90 CD  (4ˆi  6 ˆj)  (7ˆi  9 ˆj  3kˆ )  3ˆi  3ˆj  3kˆ
| A || B | 14 21
AB and CD are parallel, because its cross-products is 0.
18. (c) (ˆi  ˆj).(ˆj  kˆ )  0  0  1  0  1  
  37. (a) W  F S  (4ˆi  5 ˆj)(3ˆi  6 ˆj)  12
A.B 1 1
cos         60    
| A || B | 2 2 2 38. (b) | A  B |  A.B  AB sin  AB cos   tan   1

19. (b) P  F.v  20  6  15  (4 )  (5)  3    45
 120  60  15  120  75  45 J/s 39. (a)
 
P.Q
20. (a) cos   1    0 ˆi ˆj kˆ
PQ   
40. (a) v    r  1  2 2  ˆi (6  8 )  ˆj(3)  4 kˆ
21. (a) W  F.s  (5ˆi  6 ˆj  4 kˆ )(6ˆi  5kˆ )  30  20  10 J
  0 4 3
22. (c) A.B  0    90
  
23. (a) P .Q  0  a2  2a  3  0  a  3  2i  3 j  4k

24. (b) W  F.r  (2ˆi  15ˆj  6kˆ )(10ˆj)  150 
 | v |  (2)2  (3)2  4 2  29 unit
25. (c) Px  2 cos t , Py  2 sint  P  2 cos t ˆi  2 sint ˆj
   
 41. (d) a . b  0 i.e. a and b will be perpendicular to each other
 dP
F  2 sin t ˆi  2 cos t ˆj    
dt a . c  0 i.e. a and c will be perpendicular to each other
 Vectors 27
   
b  c will be a vector perpendicular to both b and c 36  64  100
=  10 2 kg
   1
So a is parallel to b  c
51. (a) Area of parallelogram  A  B
42. (d) Area  2ˆi  2ˆj  4 kˆ  4 unit.

  (ˆi  2ˆj  3kˆ )  (3ˆi  2ˆj  kˆ )


43. (c) A  2ˆi  2ˆj  kˆ and B  6ˆi  3ˆj  2kˆ
ˆi ˆj kˆ
  
 
C  A  B  2ˆi  2ˆj  kˆ  6ˆi  3ˆj  2kˆ   1 2 3  (8)ˆi  (8)ˆj  (8)kˆ
3 2 1
ˆi ˆj kˆ
 2 2  1  ˆi  10 ˆj  18 kˆ
Magnitude  64  64  64 = 8 3
6 3 2

  52. (b) Radius vector r  r2  r1  (2ˆi  3ˆj  kˆ )  (2ˆi  ˆj  kˆ )
Unit vector perpendicular to both A and B

 r  4 ˆj
ˆi  10 ˆj  18 kˆ ˆi  10 ˆj  18 kˆ
 
1 2  10 2  18 2 5 17 Linear momentum p  2ˆi  3 ˆj  kˆ
    
44. (b) A  ˆj  3kˆ , B  ˆi  2ˆj  kˆ L  r  p  (4 ˆj)  (2ˆi  3ˆj  kˆ )

ˆi ˆj kˆ ˆi ˆj kˆ
  
C  AB  0 1 3  7ˆi  3 ˆj  kˆ  0 4 0  4ˆi  8 kˆ
1 2 1 2 3 1


Hence area = | C |  49  9  1  59 sq unit ˆi ˆj kˆ
  
53. (d) v    r  3  4 1  18ˆi  13ˆj  2kˆ
ˆi ˆj kˆ 5 6 6
  
45. (a) L  r  p  1 2  1  ˆj  2kˆ
3 4 2 54. (a)

i.e. the angular momentum is perpendicular to x-axis. 55. (c) A.B  AB cos 
   
46. (a) A  B is a vector perpendicular to plane A  B and hence In the problem A.B   AB i.e. cos   1    180
 
perpendicular to A  B . i.e. A and B acts in the opposite direction.
  
47. (a)   r  F  (7ˆi  3ˆj  kˆ )(3ˆi  ˆj  5kˆ )
56. (d) | A  B |  3 ( A.B)
ˆi ˆj kˆ AB sin  3 AB cos   tan   3    60

  7 3 1  14ˆi  38 ˆj  16kˆ
3 1 5 Now | R | | A  B |  A 2  B 2  2 AB cos 
           
48. (d) ( A  B)  ( A  B)  A  A  A  B  B  A  B  B 1
 A 2  B 2  2 AB   ( A 2  B 2  AB)1 / 2
          2
 0  A  B  B  A  0  B  A  B  A  2(B  A)
57. (a) W  F.s  (3ˆi  cˆj  2kˆ ).(4ˆi  2ˆj  3kˆ )  12  2c  6
49. (d) For perpendicular vector A.B  0
Work done  6 J (given)
 (5ˆi  7 ˆj  3kˆ ).( 2ˆi  2ˆj  akˆ )  0  12  2c  6  6  c  12

 10  14  3a  0  a  8 58. (b) W  F.s  (5ˆi  3ˆj).( 2ˆi  ˆj)  10  3 = 7 J


50. (a) Mass 
Force

| F| 59. (c) A  B  AB sin nˆ
Acceleration a
for parallel vectors   0 or 180 , sin  0