EXPERIMENT NO.

Browse the Internet and find different Multimedia Presentations and identify
the building blocks.

Audio Text Image

Video
 Building blocks of Multimedia

 Text: The on-screen display of words, that is, text. Using the different styles, fonts,

and colors to highlight a specific point.

 Audio: It includes speech, audio effects, surrounding sound (for example, the

background sound of the sea, bird chirping and winds blowing) and music.

 Images/graphic: Any picture of an object. Graphic includes conventional artwork,

computer-generated artwork and photographs or captured video frames. Help the

audience to more understand about the content than just read the text.

 Animation: Animation is the times sequence of a series of graphic images or

frames together to give the appearance of continuous movement.

 Video: anything that can see visually on the screen (digital movie)

Explain linear and non linear multimedia with example

Linear multimedia follows a predetermined sequence, while nonlinear multimedia allows users to
control the sequence.

Linear Multimedia
It is also called Non-interactive multimedia or Passive Multimedia.”. In
the case of linear multimedia, the end-user cannot control the content of the
application. It has literally no interactivity of any kind. Some multimedia projects
like movies in which material is thrown in a linear fashion from beginning to end.
Linear multimedia works very well for providing information to a large group of
people such as at training sessions, seminars, workplace meetings, etc.
Examples may be:
o A powerpoint presentation
o A slideshow of pictures that goes on with a specific direction
o A storyline/ A movie

Non-Linear Multimedia
In Non-Linear multimedia, the end-user is allowed the navigational
control to rove through multimedia content at his own desire. The user
can control the access of the application. Non-linear offers user interactivity to
control the movement of data. For example computer games, websites, self-
paced computer-based training packages, etc.
 EXPERIMENT NO.2

i) Identify the importance of Resolution, Size and compression of Images.

Resolution: Image resolution is typically described in PPI (pixels per inch), which refers to how
many pixels are displayed per inch of an image.
Higher resolutions mean that there more pixels per inch (PPI), resulting in more pixel
information and creating a high-quality, crisp image.
Images with lower resolutions have fewer pixels, and if those few pixels are too large and
creating a low-quality image.

Size: Image Size is the term given to describe the height and width of an image in pixels.
Usually, these values are given in pixels and the following format:
1024x981
In this example for the image size, it tells us the following about the image:

 The image width is 1024 pixels

 The image height is 981 pixels

Compression: The reduction of the number of bits used to define an image. Image
compression is a process which on implementation gives output which is often smaller in size
but looks similar to the original.

Lossless compression:
It is a technique used to reduce the file size of an image while maintaining its quality like before.
It is similar to a DSLR camera that offers the option to save photos in different formats, like
JPEG or RAW.
JPEG files involve less space and will not fill up your hard drive fast, but during the conversion
process, you may lose out some data. Files in RAW format have no compression and are
excellent if you are a professional user. A RAW image format is an unprocessed image that
contains raw image information.

Lossy Compression:
The lossy compression technique is another way of image compression that involves cutting
some part of the image to create even smaller file sizes.
One way to practice the lossy compression technique is reducing the color space of the image to
the most common colors. It is often practiced in GIF and a few times in PNG images to create
files of much smaller sizes.
ii) Classify file formats of various Multimedia files

Text Formats
RTF: Rich Text Format is the primary file format introduced in 1987 by Microsoft with the
specification of their published products and for cross-platform documents interchange.

Plain text :Plain text files can be opened, read, and edited with most text editors. commonly
used are Notepad (Windows). Other computer programs are also capable of reading and
importing plain text. Plain text is the original and popular way of conveying an e-mail.

Image Formats
TIFF (Tagged Image File Format): This format is common in desktop publishing world (high
quality output). Recent versions of TIFF allow image compression, and the format is comfortable
for moving large files between computers.

BMP (Bitmap) :Initially this format is in use with Windows 3.1. It is quite large and
uncompressed and hence BMP is used for the high-resolution or large images.

GIF (Graphics Interchange Format): GIF is a compressed image format. Most of the
computer color images and backgrounds are GIF files. This file format is best suitable for
graphics that uses only limited colors.

JPEG (Joint Photographic Experts Group): JPEG was designed to attain maximum image
compression. It uses lossy compression technique. It works good with photographs, but functions
less on lettering, simple cartoons.

PNG (Portable Network Graphics): An extensible file format for the portable and well
compressed storage of raster images. PNG acts as replacement for GIF and also replaces multiple
common uses of TIFF. PNG works good with online viewing applications like worldwide web.
Digital Audio File Formats
WAV (Waveform Audio File Format) :It is the most popular audio file format in windows for
storing uncompressed sound files. In order to attain the reduced file size it can also be converted
to other file formats like MP3.

MP3 (MPEG Layer-3 Format): MPEG Layer-3 format is the most popular format for storing
and downloading music. The MP3 files are roughly compressed to one-tenth the size of an
equivalent WAV file.
 AIFF (Audio Interchange File Format): A standard audio file format used by Apple which is
like a WAV file for the Mac.

RA (Real Audio Format): Real Audio format is designed for streaming audio over the Internet.
The digital audio resources are usually stored as a computer file in computer’s hard drive or
CD/DVD.

Digital Video File Formats

AVI (Audio/Video Interleave): AVI is the video file format for Windows. Here sound and
picture elements are stored in alternate interleaved chunks in the file.

MPEG (Moving Picture Experts Group): MPEG is a standard for generating digital video and
audio compression under the International Standards Organization (ISO) by the group of people.
The MPEG is the standards for digital video and audio compression.

iii) Write the procedure for color balance of an image

1. From the Photoshop Class folder, open koalas variations.png.

This file is a good visual aid to help beginners wrap their heads around color correction. It takes
practice to start knowing which colors need to be adjusted in an image.

2. Take a moment and notice which examples look better and which colors need to be added
or removed.

3. Close the file when you’re done.

Adjusting Color Balance

1. Open koalas.jpg.

2. Go into Layer > New Adjustment Layer > Color Balance.

3. Click OK.

The Properties panel will open with the Color Balance settings, as shown in the preview image at the
beginning of the exercise. The default values are all zero.

4. You may have noticed in the example image that the More Cyan square looked better. Let’s start
by adding more cyan. Drag the Cyan/Red slider to the left and set it at −40.

5. Now it’s looking a bit yellow. To remove yellow, we have to add blue. Drag
the Yellow/Blue slider to the right and set it at +10.

The highlights are still a little warm, so let’s cool them off by adding blue.

6. From the menu next to Tone, choose Highlights.

7. Drag the Yellow/Blue slider to +20.

 Adjusting Brightness/Contrast

1. Let’s brighten it up a bit. Go into Layer > New Adjustment Layer > Brightness/Contrast.
Click OK to create a new layer.

2. On the right, in the Properties panel, move the Brightness slider to the right and set it to 10.

3. Click the eye next to each of your adjustment layers a few times to view the difference.
These koalas look much healthier now!

4. Do a File > Save As and name it yourname-koalas.psd, making sure to set Format (Mac)
or Save as type (Windows) to Photoshop.

iv) Distinguish between luminance detail and luminous contrast

Luminance detail is the level of brightness in a given area, while luminous contrast is the difference
in brightness between two areas.
Luminance detail

 Definition: The amount of light that is projected onto a specific area and direction

 Unit: Candela per square meter

 Example: The brightness of a display device

Luminous contrast

 Definition: The difference in brightness between two areas

 Example: The difference in brightness between a door and a wall
 Importance: Helps people with low vision navigate their environment

v) Write the procedure to use selective color for an image

In Photoshop 7, there isn't a direct Selective Color Adjustment Layer like in more recent
versions of Photoshop. However, you can still achieve a selective color effect using different
techniques. Here's a detailed step-by-step procedure for creating selective color in
Photoshop 7:
1. Open Your Image
 Open your image in Photoshop 7 by going to File > Open and selecting your image.
2. Duplicate the Image Layer
 In the Layers palette, right-click on the Background layer and choose Duplicate Layer.
 This ensures you keep the original image intact and work non-destructively.
3. Convert the Duplicated Layer to Black and White
 Select the duplicated layer (usually named "Background copy").
 Go to Image > Adjustments > Desaturate (or press Shift + Ctrl + U) to remove the
color from the duplicated layer, turning it into grayscale.
4. Use the Eraser Tool to Reveal Color in Select Areas
 Now, you will reveal the color from the original layer where you want it to show.
 Select the Eraser Tool (press E on your keyboard) and adjust the brush size and hardness.
 On the Layers palette, ensure that the original (colored) layer is selected, and the top
layer (now black and white) is active.
 Start erasing over the areas where you want to restore the color. This will allow the
 color from the bottom layer to show through in those areas.
5. Refine the Selection with a Layer Mask (Optional)
Instead of using the Eraser Tool, you can use a Layer Mask for more flexibility:
 Select the black-and-white layer (the top layer).
 Click the Add Layer Mask icon at the bottom of the Layers palette (rectangle with a circle
inside).
 With the mask selected, use a Brush Tool with black to paint over areas you want to
remove the effect (revealing color beneath), and white to restore the grayscale effect.
 This method allows you to adjust the areas of selective color more easily without
permanently deleting information.
6. Fine-Tune the Image
 You can further adjust the color and contrast of the image by using Adjustment Layers like
Levels, Curves, or Hue/Saturation. Simply go to Layer > New Adjustment Layer and choose
the appropriate adjustment.
 This step is helpful to make sure that your selective colors pop and look more natural against
the black-and-white background.
7. Save Your Image
 Once you're satisfied with the selective color effect, go to File > Save As and choose your
desired file format.
This method may take a little more time than using newer versions of Photoshop, but it works
well for achieving selective color in older versions like Photoshop 7.
 EXPERIMENT NO.3

3. i) Practice setting the canvas on the workspace for different requirements.

STEP1: Go to START All Programs Adobe Photoshop 7.0

STEP2: Go to File New to create a new file and select preset size as 800*600.

STEP3: Go to Image-> Canvas Size.

STEP 4: Select pixels and type 1000 for width and 800 for height.
STEP 5: Observe the Canvas.

3. ii) Import an image from the browser / Picture folder and place it on
the workspace.
vi) Click and drag the image on the work space
vii) Scale the image up and down

STEP 1: Go to START All Programs Adobe Photoshop 7.0

STEP 2: Go to File New to create a new file and select preset size as 800*600.
STEP 3: To insert picture Go to File Open select the picture and then click open. Go
to Select All to copy Picture and then go to Edit Copy, now close the
picture. Go to EditPaste will paste the picture on Photoshop document. Select
move tool from the toolbar and drag the picture to the corner. If the image is
large, then resize it using Rectangular marquee tool from the toolbar. To
select the picture, right click on the picture select Free Transform tool and
resize the picture.
STEP 4: Save the File with a suitable name.
 EXPERIMENT NO.4

4. Design a Greeting card. Use different Layers for image and text

STEP1: Go to START All Programs Adobe Photoshop 7.0

STEP2: Go to File New to create a new file and select preset size as 800*600
STEP3: Select the Rectangle Tool from Tool bar and draw half of the work area. Color
the rectangle by using required color using paint bucket tool.
STEP4: Repeat STEP3 for the remaining half of the work area.
STEP5: Select the Type Tool and type the text in the rectangle by selecting required font
color and style.
STEP6: To insert picture Go to File Open select the picture and then click open. Go
to Select All to copy Picture and then go to Edit Copy, now close the picture. Go to
EditPaste will paste the picture on Photoshop document. Select move tool from the
toolbar and drag the picture to the other half of the workspace. If the image is large, then
resize it using Rectangular marquee tool from the toolbar. To select the picture, right
click on the picture select Free Transform tool and resize the picture.
STEP7: Save the File with a suitable name.
 EXPERIMENT NO.5

5. Practice using different Selection tools.

Adobe Photoshop also offers a number of selection tools: Quick Mask, Rectangular marquee,
Elliptical marquee, Lasso, Polygonal Lasso, Magnetic Lasso, Magic Wand.
he Rectangular marquee and Elliptical marquee tools are hidden in the Toolbox under one
and the same icon. The icon on the Toolbox displays the last tool used. To open the floating
menu right-click on the arrow in the lower right corner of the displayed icon.

 Rectangular marquee
This tool selects rectangular and square
areas. To select a rectangular area you
should:
Step 1. Activate the Rectangular marquee tool by clicking on the icon , or (if
the Rectangular marquee was not the last tool applied) select it from the floating
window.
Step 2. Bring the mouse cursor to the point of the image where the corner of an
imaginary rectangle should be, and press the left mouse button.
Step 3. Keeping the left button pressed, move the cursor diagonally to the
opposite corner and release the button.
 Elliptical marquee
This tool selects ellipses and circles.
The Lasso, Polygonal Lasso, Magnetic Lasso tools are hidden in the Toolbox under one and
the same icon. The icon on the Toolbox displays the last tool selected. To open the floating menu
right-click on the arrow in the lower right corner of the displayed icon.

 Lasso
The tool allows creating freehand selections.
To make a freehand selection you should:
Step 1. Select the Lasso tool from the Toolbox by left-clicking on the icon , or
(if Lasso was not the last tool applied) select it from the floating window.
Step 2. Bring the mouse cursor to the object that must be selected and outline it
keeping the left button pressed.
 Polygonal Lasso
The tool makes freehand selections, but its contour is made up of straight segments.
 Magnetic Lasso
This tool makes a freehand selection.
 EXPERIMENT NO.6

6. Practice using different painting tools

The main painting tools in Adobe Photoshop are the Pencil and the Brush. The
Pencil draws free form lines with a hard edge, and the Brush - draws lines with a softer
edge.

To draw free lines with the Pencil or Brush, follow these steps:
 Step 1. Choose a tool from the Toolbar.
 Step 2. Set the color with which colors will be drawn.
 Step 3. Choose the parameters for the chosen tool in the Options Panel.
 Step 4. Bring the cursor over the image in the photo editor.
 Step 5. Press the left mouse button and, while keeping the button pressed, move
the cursor across the image.

Brush. The Brush parameter shows the current shape and size of the brush. To change the
shape and size of the brush:
o left-click on the triangle to open the drop-down palette;
o in this palette set the size and hardness of the brush or choose the shape of the brush from
the list of presets.
1. Practice using different Selection tools.
There are many different selection tools in Photoshop we will learn some
important selection tools them.
i) Open Adobe Photoshop -> File->New-> Enter Width 500 and Height 500 for the work area.
ii) File -> Open ->Select a image of your choic,euse the following tools
iii) Select Rectangular Marque tool select the area in the image. Now select move tool to move it
another image
iv) Select Elliptical Marque tool select the area in the image. Now select move tool to move it
another image
v) Select Lasso tool select the area in the image. Now select move tool to move it to another
image
vi) Select Polygonal Lasso tool select the area in the image. Now select move tool to move it to
another image
vii) Select Polygonal Lasso tool , select the area in the image. Now select move tool to move it to
another image
viii) Select Magic Wand tool select the area in the image. Now select move tool to move it to
another image

Output:
ix) open the image and select the crop tool, now select the area u want crop, press the enter key will
get the cropped area
Output
Orginal image
 7. Practice using different painting tools.
1. Open Adobe Photoshop -> File->New-> Enter Width 500 and Height 500 for the work area.
2. File -> Open ->Select a image of your choice, use the following tools
3. Select the Healing Brush Tool and press alt+enter key/alt+mouse click and remove the patches
present on the image as in blow image.

4. Select patch tool and select source as option. Then select flying bird. Now place the cursor where you want
to place the patch of image. Click on destination.

IF you want to remove a patch of image, select a part of image to be removed, then choose source, then click
somewhere. The patch of image will disappear.

Image after using patch tool (3 birds flying)

Original image
5. Select Brush Tool and Pencil Tool from Tool box and also color where ever you want on workspace
6. Select the history Brush tool from tool box and erase all formats made peviously as in
below image

7. Select Rectangular and circle shapes from tool box draw the in photo shop, now select the
Paint bucket Tool from tool box fill color on circle and Rectangular shapes.
8. Select the Circle Shape From Tool Box and draw the cilcle and select the Gradient Tool from
Tool Box drag the curser on circe and you can also select the different formats for Gradient as
below
 10. Create a professional web layout. Use different layers, textures, colors,
text, blending features and filter masking.

STEP1: Go to START All Programs Adobe Photoshop 7.0

STEP2: Go to File New to create a new file and select preset size as 800*600
STEP3: Go to File->Open and open a college picture and Government of Karnataka picture.
Now select it and paste into working document and adjust the image by using free
transform tool and move tool.
STEP4: Now click on Layer2 and select Blending options (or go to Layer->Layer Style-
>Blending Options) select Drop shadow and texture.
STEP5: Select the Rectangle Tool from Tool bar and draw half of the work area. Color the
rectangle by using required color.
STEP5: Select the Type Tool and type the text in the rectangle by selecting required font color
and style.
STEP7: Save the File with a suitable name.

CHANNAPATNA
11. Create an innovative logo for your Institute considering all the features of your
Institute.

STEP1: Go to START All Programs Adobe Photoshop 7.0

STEP2: Go to File New to create a new file and select preset size as 800*600
STEP3: Select the Ellipse Tool from Tool bar and draw on the work area. Color the
ellipse by using required color.
STEP4: Select the Type Tool and type the text in the ellipse by selecting required font
color and style.
STEP5: Go to File->Open and open a leaf picture. Now select it and paste into working
document and adjust the image by using free transform tool and move tool.
STEP6: Save the File with a suitable name.