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5.4 Logarithmic Functions

The document provides exercises on graphing exponential and logarithmic functions, including finding inverses and converting between logarithmic and exponential forms. It also includes evaluation of logarithmic expressions, transformations of functions, and solving logarithmic equations. Additionally, it discusses characteristics of logarithmic graphs and the use of calculators for evaluation.

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wenkaimingkevin
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3 views

5.4 Logarithmic Functions

The document provides exercises on graphing exponential and logarithmic functions, including finding inverses and converting between logarithmic and exponential forms. It also includes evaluation of logarithmic expressions, transformations of functions, and solving logarithmic equations. Additionally, it discusses characteristics of logarithmic graphs and the use of calculators for evaluation.

Uploaded by

wenkaimingkevin
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Mathematician _________________________________________________ Date __________

1 (a) Graph y = 2 x .
(b) Draw the line y = x .
(c) Graph the inverse of y = 2 x .
(d) What is the equation of this inverse?
 

The inverse of the exponential function y = a x is called the logarithmic function base a. We generally
restrict the values of a so that a > 1 . Thus

y = log a x ⇔ x = a y

Characteristics of Graphs of y = log a x


Domain
Range
Intercepts
Horizontal asymptote
Vertical asymptote
 
2. Write in exponential form.
1
(a) log 6 36 = 2 (b) log8 2 = (c) log 2 2 = 1
3

3. Write in logarithmic form.


(a) 43 = 64 (b) 6 0 = 1 (c) 0.01 = 10−2

4. Evaluate the following. Start by letting the given expression equal x.


1
(a) log 4 64 (c) log 9 3 (c) log 7 49
There are two types of logarithms built into your calculator – what are they?

5 (a) Evaluate (no calculator)


1
(i) log (ii) ln e4
1000

(b) Evaluate (with a calculator)


(i) log 500 (ii) ln 0.47

(c) Solve for x. (with a calculator)


(i) log x = 3.5 (ii) ln x = 4.1

6. A graph and table for the function y = log 2 x are shown below.

x 0.5 1 2 4 8
y = log 2 x −1 0 1 2 3

(a) Use transformations to make a table and graph


for f (x) = 3log 2 ( x − 2 ) .

x
f (x) = 3log 2 ( x − 2 )

(b) State the domain, range, and equation of the vertical


asymptote for f (x) = 3log 2 ( x − 2 ) .

(c) Find the equation of f −1 , the inverse function of f.


7. This function cannot be analyzed simply through transformations. Use your calculator to fill in the
3ln x
chart, and then sketch a graph of f (x) = .
x

Domain

Range

Intercept(s)

Asymptote(s)

Relative max/min

Increasing/Decreasing

4 y

-­‐4 -­‐3 -­‐2 -­‐1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

-­‐2

-­‐4

8) Solving Logarithmic Equations- In the expression log a M remember that a and M are positive
and that a ≠ 1 . Be sure to check for extraneous solutions by plugging into your original
equation. Sometimes to solve a logarithmic equation you can turn the logarithmic expression
into an exponential equation.

(a) Solve: log 3 ( 4x − 7 ) = 2 log x 64 = 2

(b) Solve: e2 x = 5

***Time Permitting, Example 10 from textbook, p. 292

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