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Preganglionic fibres: short and myelinated. 43, Postganglionic nerves are long and non-myclinated. 4 Sympathetic activity is spread over many segments 5. It prepares the individual to cope with the emergency, ie. prepare for either flight or fight reactions, For example, its stimulation causes: @ Relaxes accommodation and dilates the pupil (letting more light into the eyes) (i Increases heart rate and blood pressure (providing better perfusion of the vital organs and muscles) (ii) Constricts skin blood vessels (limits bleeding, from wounds) (Gv) Decreases threshold in reticular formation (eeinforcing the alert and arousal states) (v) Increases blood glucose and FFA levels (supplying more energy) Due to these actions the division of ANS is sometimes. known as catabolic nervous system. 6. The major transmitter released between pre and postganglionic fibres is A-ch whereas at postganglionic endings is usually nor-epinephrine (Fig, 41.15) Central nervous system (| Meabichalne fee 7g a Ke ‘Adrenal | Fig. 41.15. Transmiter used in various components ofthe per ifferences between two divisions of the ANS ‘Table 41.7 Comparison of the main di Lae tis also called craniosacral division of the = 1. Itis also called thoracolumbar division of the ANS i () Cranialoutflow is via IL, VI, IX and Xcraniy i) Sacral outflow is via pelvic branches of spinal nerves. 8 2, Preganglionic fibres: long and myelinated, 3, Postganglionic nerves are short and non-myetnaey 4, Parasympathetic effect is localised, ic. target ig usually a single organ or system, 5, It is concerned with vegetative aspect of day-to-dy living, For example, y (i its action favours digestion and absorption of food by (a) increasing activity of intestinal musculature (b) increasing gastric secretion and relaxing pyion sphincter. : ii) dilates sexual erectile tissues iii) slows down body activities by decreasing, heart rate and force of contraction (iv) favours storage of absorbed nutrients by increasing glyogen synthesis and insulin secretion, Therefore, sometimes, this division is referred to as, anabolic nervous system. 6. 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