Grade

2
Contents
Math 2–7

English 8 – 11

Social Studies 12 – 13

Science 14 – 16

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 Number Sense and Numeration
MATH

• Place Value – the position of a digit in a number

that tells its value
e.g. Tens Ones

3 5 Tens Ones
3 tens 5 ones

35: 3 in the tens place; 5 in the ones place

• Skip Counting – counting forward or backward in multiples of a

given number
e.g. Count by 10’s.

10 20 30 40 50 60 60¢ in all

Try to skip count by 5’s, 10’s, or 25’s to find the value of a group of the
same kind of coins.

• Rounding a Number to the Nearest Ten

e.g. Round 46 to the nearest ten.

46 (closer to 50) 1st Determine the two

nearest numbers that
end in “0”.
*
40 50 2nd Draw a number line
50 to show the tens.
46
rounded 3rd Mark the number
and check to see
* If the number is in the middle of the which end the
number line, round the number to the number is closer to.
right end. Then round it.

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 • Addition of 2-digit Numbers with Regrouping

e.g. 39 + 25 =

Line up the numbers. Add the ones. Add the tens.

tens to tens Carry 1 over to the Add them all.

tens column.
ones to ones
A A

39 39 39
+ 25 + 25 + 25
4 9 1 64
+ 5 3
14 +2
6
So, 39 + 25 = 64
Clue words for addition word problems:
more…than, add, sum, in all, total, altogether, both

• Subtraction of 2-digit Numbers with Borrowing

e.g. 65 – 28 =

Line up the numbers. Subtract the ones. Subtract the tens.

tens to tens 5 < 8, so borrow 1 ten Subtract.

for the ones place.
ones to ones
5 15 5 15

65 65 65
– 28 – 28 – 28
7 15 5 37
– 8 – 2
7 3

So, 65 – 28 = 37
Clue words for subtraction word problems:
less…than, fewer, take away, remains, left, difference

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 • Multiplication – repeated addition; combining equal groups
MATH

e.g. 2 in each group;

5 groups in all

2+2+2+2+2 a repeated addition

= 5 groups of 2 Vertical
Multiplication
=5×2 We say “5 times 2”.

= 10 “×”: multiplication sign 5

× 2
You can use concrete materials or 10
drawings to help you develop the
basic concept of multiplication.

• Division – equal sharing of a quantity; the opposite of

multiplication

Two ways to understand division:

Divide a set of objects Divide a set of objects

into equal groups. into equal shares.

Put 4 in a group. 3 girls share 6 equally.

There are 2 groups of

4 hearts.
Each girl gets 2 flowers.

At this level, you are expected to learn the concept of division by

drawing or using concrete materials.

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 • Fractions – using fractional names to describe the equal parts of
a whole object or a set of objects
e.g.
6 equal parts; 3 equal groups;
2 parts blue 2 groups green

Two sixths is blue. Two thirds are green.

smaller than
the red part
The more parts there are,
the smaller the size of
each part is.
2 equal parts 3 equal parts

• Money – finding the value of a group of coins:

1st Group the same kinds of Clue words for addition
coins together. problems:
• total
2nd Starting with the highest
valued coin, skip count Clue words for subtraction
the groups by their values problems:
to find the total.
• price difference, sale price,
change
e.g.
75¢

25, 50 60 65, 70, 75

Measurement
e.g. 12 12
• Time 10
11 1
2 10
11 1
2

– 7 days in a week 9 3 9 3
8 4 8 4
– 12 months in a year 7
6
5 7
6
5

– telling time to the a quarter to 1 a quarter to 2

quarter-hour 12:45 1:45

1 hour

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 • Length
e.g.
MATH

measuring the length, height, and

distance using centimetres
(a small unit) and metres (a big unit)
3 cm long 5 m tall
• Perimeter and Area
Perimeter is the distance around a shape.
Area is the size of a shape. 6 cm

e.g. The perimeter of the card is 20 cm. 4 cm 4 cm

The area of the card is about the same
area as 6 smiley face stickers. 6 cm

Geometry
• 2-D Shapes

Sides 3 4 4 5 6
Vertices 3 4 4 5 6

Regular Shapes
square a regular shape
shapes that have sides that are
all equal

• 3-D Figures
Describing the Shapes The Skeleton of a Pyramid
and Number of Faces
e.g. e.g.
Triangular Prism: 8 edges
5 vertices
• 2 triangular faces
• 3 rectangular faces

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 Patterns
Exploring Different Patterns
• Shrinking Patterns • Repeating Patterns with
Two Attribute Changes
e.g.
e.g.

• Growing Patterns
e.g. 10 + 1 = 11
10 + 2 = 12 Two attribute changes:
10 + 3 = 13
colour and orientation
10 + 4 = 14

Graphs
Pictograph Bar Graph

George’s Marbles title George’s Marbles title

4

3
Number

0
Marbles label red green blue yellow
labels Marbles

Probability It is more likely

to land on red.
• Probability
the chance that an outcome will occur
Use simple words to describe chances:

impossible less equally more certain

likely likely likely

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 Phonics
ENGLISH

Consonant Blends Short and Long Vowels

• “l”, “r”, and “s” blends • a, e, i, o, u

e.g. flag, draw, spring • short vowels –
with short sounds
e.g. cab, stop
Consonant Digraphs
• long vowels –
• can be at the beginning, sound the same as the way you
in the middle, or at the say the letters
end of words e.g. five, cube
• ch, sh, th, wh
e.g. lunch, ship, father,
what Vowel Diphthongs

• oi, oy, ou, ow in some words

Silent Consonants e.g. coin, loud
crow n
• consonants that are not
pronounced in some
words
boy
• b, c, g, gh, h, k, l, n, t, w
e.g. lamb, scent, sigh,
listen
Long Vowel Digraphs

• two letters forming a long vowel

sound
• ai, ay, ei, ea, ee, oa, ow, oo, ew,
au, aw
e.g. day, bead, coat, row

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 R-controlled Vowels Rhyming Words

• vowels with the “r” sound • words that have the same
ending sound
• ar, er, ir, or, ur
e.g.
e.g. car, her, stir, fork, turn

bear

Grammar pear

Nouns proper nouns

Julyn1th
• A common noun names any
person, animal, place, or thing. mo y
common
a n a daivDaal
A proper noun names a nouns C fest
specific person, animal, place,
or thing.

Days of the week, months of the year,

and festival names are proper nouns.

• Nouns can be countable or

countable noun in
uncountable. number plural form
A number word can be used two cats
before the plural form of a
countable noun.
An uncountable noun does
not have any plural form and a
number word cannot be used
before it.
uncountable
milk noun

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 Sentences and Punctuation
ENGLISH

All sentences begin with a capital letter and end with a punctuation
mark. Some sentences also contain commas.
• There are four types of sentences. The ending punctuation marks
depend on the types of sentences.
A telling sentence tells about someone or something.
e.g. I want something sweet .

An asking sentence asks about someone or something.

e.g. C an I have some ice cream ?

A surprising sentence shows

a strong feeling.
e.g. T his is so yummy !

An imperative sentence tells

someone to do or not to do
something.
e.g. D on’t eat my ice cream .

• A sentence has two main parts – a subject and a predicate.

The subject tells whom or what the
sentence is about.
The predicate tells what the subject
is or what the subject does.
Jessie likes green , pink , and purple .
subject predicate

Commas (,) can be used to separate

items in a list.

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 Subject Object
Subject and Object Pronouns Pronoun Pronoun
I me
A pronoun replaces a noun.
you you
• A subject pronoun acts as the subject he him
in a sentence. she her
it it
• An object pronoun acts as an object
we us
that receives the action of a verb.
they them
e.g. The girl feeds the cats.
She feeds them.
subject object
pronoun pronoun

Verb Tenses

A verb tells what someone or something does.

A present tense verb tells A past tense verb tells about
about someone’s habit or something that happened in the
something that happens now. past.
* past fo
e.g. I visit Grandma every Sunday. rm of
most verb
s:
I visited* Grandma yesterday. verb + d
/ed

Adjectives
e.g. adjectives
An adjective describes a noun. It tells
how someone or something looks or three big star stickers
feels. Colour words, number words, on the wall
and shapes are all adjectives. preposition

Prepositions

Some prepositions tell where people, animals,

and things are. Some are used with other
words to tell when something happens.

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 Changing Family and Community Traditions
SOCIAL STUDIES

Different families and cultures have their own traditions and

celebrations, with different traditional foods. Some of these traditions
have lasted through the years but some have changed.

Celebrations
Hanukkah (Jewish) Eid ul-Fitr (Muslim)
Powwow (Indigenous) Diwali (Indian)
Lunar New Year (Chinese) Canada Day (Canadian)
Kwanzaa (African) Thanksgiving (Canadian)

Hanukkah
• It is also called the Festival of Lights.
• It lasts for eight days in November or
December.
• Food includes latkes and sufganiyot.
• Families light candles in a menorah.
• Some people today prefer electric
lights to candles for their menorahs.

Thanksgiving
• Martin Frobisher gave thanks for his safe arrival in Canada by
holding a special Thanksgiving ceremony (but without turkeys).
• Samuel de Champlain celebrated
Thanksgiving for a good
harvest with a feast (but did not
necessarily have turkeys).
• Today, we celebrate
Thanksgiving with a feast
of turkey and cranberry or
pumpkin pies.

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 Global Communities
There are seven continents on Earth. Different places in the world
have their own characteristics. However, people living in different
places all have the same basic needs, and they meet these needs
differently depending on where they live.

coldest
The Seven The Globe
Continents
North Pole
North America
South America
Europe warmest
Northern
Asia Hemisphere
Africa
Equator
Australia
Antarctica Southern
Hemisphere South Pole

coldest

Meeting Basic Needs around the World

Shelter Transportation Food

• apartments • buses • from grocery
• houses • small boats/ferries stores
• igloos • scooters • from restaurants
• adobe houses • mules • by hunting
• cob houses • walking • by fishing
e.g. Britain e.g. The Arctic
• subway
e.g. France

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 Animals
SCIENCE

Animals are classified into groups. Their characteristics, ways of

eating, moving, and giving birth, their homes, and how they survive
are all different. However, they all give birth to young, and their
babies get bigger and may look different as they grow.

Five Major Groups

Reptiles Fish
e.g. snakes e.g. clownfish
• have scales • live in water
• young hatch from eggs • give birth to young called fry
• move by gliding in an • move by swimming with the help
S-shape of their fins
• can be camouflaged in • slow down when water
their habitat temperature drops

Birds Mammals
e.g. ptarmigans e.g. polar bears
• lay eggs in nests • give birth to live babies called
• have feathers and wings cubs
for flying • feed their babies milk
• grow extra feathers • can walk, run, and swim
around their feet in • have fur that helps them be
winter camouflaged
• hibernate in dens in winter

Amphibians • live in water when young

e.g. frogs • live on land when grown up
adult • go through metamorphosis as they
grow
• have a long tongue to catch food
tadpole egg

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 Liquids and Solids
A liquid flows and Some solids can
takes the shape of its • dissolve in liquids.
container. e.g. sugar
A solid has a shape
that does not change • absorb liquids.
easily. e.g. towels

Water
Water can be in three different states, and heat and cold can change
its state. Water can also be in different forms. It goes through a water
cycle in which its state and form change.

Three States of Water

liquid solid gas

Changes in Water Cycle

State
condensation

c h
freezes o e
melts evaporation precipitation
a
l t
d

c h
o e
condenses l
a evaporates
d
t Forms of Water
• snow • fog • frost
• rain • dew • hail

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 Energy Input and Output
SCIENCE

The energy used to produce movement is an input, with the movement

being an output.

Energy Input Output B D

A food Examples
B electricity
C fuel A C E

D wind
E water

Energy from moving wind and water is renewable. They are

clean sources of energy and do no damage to the Earth.

Movements
A pattern of movement is the way something repeatedly moves.
e.g. bouncing, spinning, rolling

Simple Machines and Mechanisms

Simple machines make our work easier. When a simple machine
is joined to at least one other simple machine, they become a
mechanism.

Simple Machines Mechanism

wedge screw

wheel and axle lever

inclined plane pulley

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