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Science
Stage 8

Paper 1 2023
Cambridge Lower Secondary Progression Test
Mark Scheme

3145_01_MS_4RP
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3145/01 Science Stage 8 Paper 1 Mark Scheme 2023

General guidelines on marking

Many descriptive answers can be expressed in a variety of ways. Professional judgement can be
used in these cases, providing it matches the marking points and further information in the mark
scheme.

Answers may have words spelt incorrectly. Credit is normally given for phonetically correct
answers, unless the word has a scientifically different meaning. For example, where the answer
should be antennae, credit will be given for antena but not for anthen (too close to anther).

Only the science is being assessed, so answers do not need to be grammatically correct.

Significant figures will be indicated in the question or in the mark scheme.

Unless specified all marking points are independent.

Annotations and abbreviations

/ or alternate responses for the same marking point

( ) brackets the words or units in brackets do not need to be stated, for example, (recycles or
releases or provides) minerals = minerals scores the mark

underline exact word is required

Accept an acceptable response

Do not accept indicates an incorrect response that would contradict another otherwise correct
alternative

Ignore indicates an irrelevant answer that is not creditworthy. Full marks can still be
achieved even with answers that are ignored.

Note provides extra information when necessary

ecf error carried forward; marks are awarded if an incorrect response has been
carried forward from earlier working provided the subsequent working is correct

ora or reverse argument; for example, as mass increases, volume increases could be
written as mass decreases, volume decreases

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 3145/01 Science Stage 8 Paper 1 Mark Scheme 2023

Question Answer Marks Further Information

1 blood component function 2 all three correct = 2 marks

one or two correct = 1 mark

red blood cell carries carbon dioxide
if two lines from one blood component and one is
incorrect = 0 marks for that blood component
white blood cell fights pathogens

plasma digests food

transports oxygen

Question Answer Marks Further Information

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2(a) nucleus 1 Ignore protons or neutrons

Accept protons and neutrons

2(b) protons and neutrons 1 both needed any order for the mark

2(c) Rutherford 1 Accept Bohr

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2(d) negative or minus or –ve 1 Accept 1– or –1 or minus 1

2(e) (idea that) positive or charge or protons or nucleus and 2 each correct answer = 1 mark
negative charge on electrons

(electrostatic) attraction Accept electrostatic attraction between protons

and electrons = 2 marks

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Question Answer Marks Further Information

3 (The mistake at B) the angle of incidence does not equal 3 each correct answer = 1 mark
the angle of reflection or the angles each side of the normal
are not equal or it does not obey the law of reflection. Accept dotted line for normal

(The mistake at D) there is refraction or the ray of light

escapes or the ray of light leaves the optical fibre.

(The mistake at F) the (reflected) ray of light is not straight

or the (reflected) ray of light bends or the (reflected) ray of
light curves.
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Question Answer Marks Further Information

4(a) 1 Accept any indication of the correct answer, e.g.

tick or cross, but circle takes precedence
average
temperature
in °C
Accept circle drawn in any one of the three areas
shown
last ice
age
800 000 700 000 600 000 500 000 400 000 300 000 200 000 100 000 0 Accept circle drawn in the correct place on the
time since present day present day
in years x-axis

if more than one circle drawn and any are

incorrect = 0 marks

4(b) cyclic or fluctuating (on a regular basis) 1 Accept constantly changing

Accept goes up and down

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4(c) carbon dioxide or methane 1 Accept CO2 or CH4

Do not accept CO or CO2

Accept other greenhouse gases such as

sulfur (VI) fluoride or oxides of nitrogen or water
vapour

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Question Answer Marks Further Information

5(a)(i) diffusion 1 Accept gas exchange

Ignore absorption

5(a)(ii) carbon dioxide passes from the blood into the alveolus (air 1 Accept lung(s) for alveolus (air sac)
sac)

5(b) any number greater than 0.04 for carbon dioxide and any 2 each correct answer = 1 mark
number lower than 21.00 for oxygen

total for all gases breathed out adds to 100%

Question Answer Marks Further Information

6(a) magnetic field (lines) 2 each correct answer = 1 mark

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direction Accept direction of magnetic field = 2 marks

6(b) N S 1 more than one answer circled = 0 marks

Accept any indication of the correct answer, e.g.

ticking or underlining, but circling takes
precedence

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Question Answer Marks Further Information

7(a) (paper) chromatography 1

7(b) 2 each correct answer = 1 mark

brown and purple both needed any order for the mark

(idea that) these colours have more than one ‘dot’ in the
results

7(c) red and blue 1 both needed any order for the mark

Accept any indication of the correct answer, e.g.

circling or underlining, but answer line takes
precedence
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Question Answer Marks Further Information

8 the needle is magnetised/magnetic or the (steel) needle is 2 each correct answer = 1 mark
magnetic

(idea that) so it lines up with the Earth’s magnetic field

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Question Answer Marks Further Information

9(a) (pure water) box contains only molecules 2 each correct diagram = 1 mark

Accept particle arrangement for solid, liquid or

gas

(impure water) box contains and at least one other type of Accept particle arrangement for solid, liquid or
molecule gas

Note for impure water, some of the molecules

must not be linked for the mark

9(b) analogy 1 more than one answer circled = 0 marks

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Accept any indication of the correct answer, e.g.

ticking or underlining, but circling takes
precedence

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Question Answer Marks Further Information

10(a) banana 1

10(b)(i) ball and socket 1

10(b)(ii) (idea that) one muscle straightens the arm and the other 1 Accept one muscle contracts and the other
bends the arm muscle relaxes

Accept muscles can only contract or muscles

can only pull a bone

10(c) Lily (no mark) 2 Note if incorrect name given = 0 marks

and Note if no name given = max 1 mark

more oxygen each correct explanation = 1 mark

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more respiration (to provide energy) Ignore breathing

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Question Answer Marks Further Information

11(a) force multiplied by distance 1 Accept f x d or f x s

11(b)(i) (distance A (force C (distance B force D 3 correct heading including unit in heading = 1 mark
in cm) in N) in cm) in N
Do not accept units in the body of table
6 4 12 2
all three rows correct = 2 marks
5 4 2 10
one or two rows correct = 1 mark
4 2 8 1
Note rows can be in any row position in the table

11(b)(ii) yes (no mark) 1

and
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(idea that) the force x distance on each side of the ruler are
always equal

or

no (no mark)

and

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(idea that each row of) measurements have not been
repeated

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Question Answer Marks Further Information

12(a) renewable non-renewable 2 all five correct = 2 marks

two, three or four correct = 1 mark

bioplastics fossil fuels
one correct = 0 marks
tidal power
Accept answers in any order in the correct
vegetable oil column
solar power

12(b) (wind power) is renewable 2 each correct answer = 1 mark

(wind power) will not run out Note assume answer refers to wind power unless
otherwise specified
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Accept ora if coal is specified

As extra marking points:

Accept it is a clean resource or it is a green
resource = 1 mark

Accept wind is ‘free’ = 1 mark

Accept no pollutants are produced during

electricity generation = 1 mark

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Accept all countries have wind (power) available
and some countries do not have coal.

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Question Answer Marks Further Information

13(a) 2 each correct answer for decrease = 1 mark

(dragonflies) decrease in number because the quolls have Accept (dragonflies) decrease in numbers
less food to eat because the quolls have fewer food sources to
eat
so the quolls eat more dragonflies
or
or
Accept quolls eat more insects so there is less
(dragonflies) increase in number because there are more food for the dragonflies
insects
each correct answer for increase = 1 mark
because there are fewer lizards and small birds

13(b) bioaccumulation of toxin in quolls 1 Accept quoll eats many insects and poison
accumulates in quoll
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or

lizards, birds and dragonflies eat poisoned insects and

poison concentrates in the quoll

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Question Answer Marks Further Information

14(a) any one from 1 Accept any appropriate safety precaution

does not touch the flame or fire or burning paper

keeps fingers away from the balloon being pulled into the jar

does not spill water on the floor when filling the balloon

does not let the students too close or uses a screen

Ignore wear an apron

14(b) particles are moving slower or particles have less energy 2 each correct answer = 1 mark

fewer collisions (with surface)

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