Python_lec.

_08_01_2018

Python loops and loop control statements

Python loops:
This is our first control structure. Ordinarily the computer starts with the first line and then goes down from
there. Control structures change the order that statements are executed or decide if a certain statement will
be run. A loop statement allows us to execute a statement or group of statements multiple times. Generally,
Python programming language provides following types of loops to handle looping requirements.

• While loop : Repeats a statement or group of statements while a given condition is TRUE. It tests the
condition before executing the loop body
Syntax
The syntax of while loop in python programing is:
while expression:
statement(s)

Here, statement(s) may be a single or a block of statements. The condition may be any expression, and true
is any non-zero value. The loop iterates while the condition is True.
When the condition becomes False, program control passes to the line immediately following the loop.
Flow Diagram

When the condition is tested

and the result is false, the
loop body will be skipped
and the first statement after
the while loop will be
executed.
Example:

a=1
while a < 6:
a += 1 # Same as a = a + 1
print (a)
The output will be

2
3
4
5
6
Example
count = 0
while (count < 9):
print 'The count is:', count
count = count + 1
print "Good bye!“
The output is:
The count is: 0
The count is: 1
The count is: 2
The count is: 3
The count is: 4
The count is: 5
The count is: 6
The count is: 7
The count is: 8
Good bye!
Now that we have while loops, it is possible to have programs that run forever. An easy way to do this is to
write a program like this:
Example:
while 1 ==1:
print ("Help, I'm stuck in a loop.")
The output here is:
Help, I'm stuck in a loop
Help, I'm stuck in a loop
…
….
….

The way to stop it is to hit the Control (or Ctrl) button and `c' (the letter) at the same time. That will kill
the program
Conditional Expressions in Python

Meaning Math Symbol Python Symbols

Less than < <

Greater than > >

Less than or equal ≤ <=

Greater than or equal ≥ >=

Equals = ==

Not equal ≠ !=

Note:
• There should not be space between the two-symbol.
• Single equal sign is not used for check of equality because single equality
is already used for assignments in Python.
• Using else statements with while:
When we use the else statement with a while loop, the else statement is executed when the condition becomes False.
The following example illustrates the combination of an else statement with a while statement that prints a number as
long as it is less than 6, otherwise else statement gets executed.
Example:
count = 0
while count < 6:
print count, " is less than 6"
count = count + 1
else:
print count, " is not less than 6“

0 is less than 6
1 is less than 6
2 is less than 6
3 is less than 6
4 is less than 6
5 is less than 6
6 is not less than 6
for loops in Python
A for loop is used to repeat a piece of code n number of times. The for loop is usually used with a list
of things. The basic syntax for the for loop looks like this
for item in list:
print item
Example
x = [2, 8, 512] #Creating a list
for i in x: #Here, i is the variable used to refer to individual items in the list
print i
• Every for loop must reference a list or a range.
• Every for loop must close with a colon.
• Code to be executed as part of the for loop must be indented by four spaces (or one press of the
Tab key).
• To use individual items in the list or range, we have to create a variable (item in syntax above or
iterating_var in the syntax below). There’s no need to declare this variable before creating
the for loop. You can also reuse the same variable for other for loops.
Flow Diagram
• for loop in Python:
Executes a sequence of statements multiple times and abbreviates the code that manages the loop variable.
It has the ability to iterate over the items of any sequence, such as a list or a string
Syntax
for iterating_var in sequence:
statements(s)
Here, each item in the list is assigned to iterating_var, and the statement(s) block is executed until the
entire sequence is exhausted.
Example
for letter in 'Python':
print 'Current Letter :', letter

Current Letter : P
Current Letter : y
Current Letter : t
Current Letter : h
Current Letter : o
Current Letter : n
Example
f = ['banana', 'apple', 'mango']
for fruit in f:
print 'Current fruit :', fruit
print "Good bye!”

Current fruit : banana

Current fruit : apple
Current fruit : mango
Good bye!

Example
string = "Hello World"
for x in string:
print x
Example
c = ['hey', 5, 'd']
for x in c:
print x
Using else Statement with Loops
When we use the else statement with a for loop, the else statement is executed when the loop has exhausted
iterating the list
Example
for x in xrange(5):
print x
else:
print 'Final x =‘ , x
0
1
2
3
4
Final x = 4
Python nested loop
Python programming language allows to use one loop inside another loop. In Python, these are heavily
used whenever someone has a list of lists - an iterable object within an iterable object.
Syntax
for iterating_var in sequence:
for iterating_var in sequence: # Python nested for loop
statements(s)
statements(s)
The syntax for a nested while loop statement in Python programming language is as follows
while expression:
while expression:
statement(s) # Python nested while loop
statement(s)

Note: you can put any type of loop inside of any other type of loop. For example a for loop can be
inside a while loop or vice versa.
Python loop control statements
Loop control statements change execution from its normal sequence. When execution leaves a scope, all automatic
objects that were created in that scope are destroyed.

• break statement

The break statement in Python terminates the current loop and resumes execution at the next statement. In other
words, the break statement is used to exit a for or a while loop. The purpose of this statement is to end the execution of
the loop (for or while) immediately and the program control goes to the statement after the last statement of the loop.

Syntax

while (expression1) :
statement_1
statement_2
......
if expression2 :
break
for iterating_variable sequence :
statement_1
statement_2
………….
if expression3 :
break

Example

for letter in 'Python':

if letter == 'h':
break
print 'Current Letter :', letter

The output will be:

Current Letter : P
Current Letter : y
Current Letter : t
Example
numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]
sum = 0
count = 0
for x in numbers:
sum = sum + x
count = count + 1
if count == 5:
break
Print "Sum of first ",count,"integers is : ", sum

Here the print statement display the sum of first five elements.

Sum of first 5 integers is : 15

Example
sum = 0
count = 0
while(count<10):
sum = sum + count
count = count + 1
if count== 5:
break
print "Sum of first ", count, "integers is : ", sum

The output is:

Sum of first 5 integers is : 10
Example
num = 10
while num > 0:
print 'Current number value :', num
num = num -1
if num == 5:
break
print "Good bye!“

The output is:

Current number value : 10
Current number value : 9
Current number value : 8
Current number value : 7
Current number value : 6
Good bye!
• continue statement

The continue statement is used in a while or for loop to take the control to the top of the loop without executing
the rest statements inside the loop. In the other wards, causes the loop to skip the remainder of its body and
immediately retest its condition prior to reiterating.
Example
for letter in 'Python':
if letter == 'h':
continue
print 'Current Letter :', letter

The output here is:

Current Letter : P
Current Letter : y
Current Letter : t
Current Letter : o
Current Letter : n
Example
num = 10
while num > 0:
num = num -1
if num == 5:
continue
print 'Current number value :', num
print "Good bye!“
The computer display this output:
Current number value : 9
Current number value : 8
Current number value : 7
Current number value : 6
Current number value : 4
Current number value : 3
Current number value : 2
Current number value : 1
Current number value : 0
Good bye!
Example
for letter in 'geeksforgeeks':
if letter == 'e' or letter == 's':
continue
print 'Current Letter :', letter # prints all letters except ‘e ‘ and ‘s’

Current Letter : g
Current Letter : k
Current Letter : f
Current Letter : o
Current Letter : r
Current Letter : g
Current Letter : k
Example
for letter in 'geeks for geeks':
if letter == 'e' or letter == 's':
continue
print 'Current Letter :', letter

Look the change in output

Current Letter : g
Current Letter : k
Current Letter :
Current Letter : f
Current Letter : o
Current Letter : r
Current Letter :
Current Letter : g
Current Letter : k
• pass statement
Pass is a null statement. The difference between a comment and pass statement is that, while the
interpreter ignores a comment entirely, pass is not ignored. That means nothing happens when it
executes.
Example
for letter in 'Python':
if letter == 'h':
pass
print 'This is pass block'
print 'Current Letter :', letter
print "Good bye!“

Current Letter : P
Current Letter : y
Current Letter : t
This is pass block
Current Letter : h
Current Letter : o
Current Letter : n
Good bye!
Example
number = 0
for number in range(10):
number = number + 1
if number == 5:
pass # pass here
print('Number is ' + str(number))
print('Out of loop')

Number is 1
Number is 2
Number is 3
Number is 4
Number is 5
Number is 6
Number is 7
Number is 8
Number is 9
Number is 10
Out of loop
count = 0
while (count < 9):
print 'The count is:', count
count = count + 1
print "Good bye!“

The output is:

The count is: 0

The count is: 1
The count is: 2
The count is: 3
The count is: 4
The count is: 5
The count is: 6
The count is: 7
The count is: 8
Good bye!
Questions in python loop:

1- Change the following Python code from using a while loop to for loop:
x=1
while x<10:
print x,
x+=1
2- x=10
while x>5:
print x
x-=1
3- Change the following Python code from a for loop to a while loop:
for i in range(1,50):
print i,
4- What would be printed from the following Python code segment?
for i in range(20,0,-2):
print I
What would be printed from the following Python code segment?
for x in range(1,6):
for y in range(1,x+1):
print x,' ',y