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? MATHS NOTES_ Number Concepts

The document provides an overview of fundamental number concepts in mathematics, including natural numbers, integers, prime factors, odd and even numbers, percentages, and methods for converting between decimals and fractions. It also covers operations with decimal numbers, factors, as well as the lowest common multiple (LCM) and highest common factor (HCF). An exercise section at the end tests the reader's understanding of these concepts.

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2 views

? MATHS NOTES_ Number Concepts

The document provides an overview of fundamental number concepts in mathematics, including natural numbers, integers, prime factors, odd and even numbers, percentages, and methods for converting between decimals and fractions. It also covers operations with decimal numbers, factors, as well as the lowest common multiple (LCM) and highest common factor (HCF). An exercise section at the end tests the reader's understanding of these concepts.

Uploaded by

careerlaunchtutoring96
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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📘 MATHS NOTES: Number Concepts

●​ Natural Numbers​

●​ Integers​

●​ Prime Factors
●​ Odd and even numbers​

●​ Percentages​

●​ Changing Numbers to Decimals & Fractions​

●​ Adding and Subtracting Decimal Numbers​

●​ Factors of Numbers​

●​ LCM and HCF​

And at the end, you'll find an exercise to test understanding.

1.​ Natural Numbers

Natural numbers are the counting numbers starting from 1.​

Examples: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, …​

2.​ Integers

Integers include positive numbers, negative numbers, and zero.​

Examples: -3, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3​


3.​ Even Numbers

Even numbers are numbers that can be divided by 2 exactly (no remainder).​

Examples:

0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20…​

Clue:

Even numbers always end with: 0, 2, 4, 6, or 8​


​

4.​ Odd Numbers

Definition:

Odd numbers are numbers that cannot be divided by 2 exactly. There is always 1 left
over.​

Examples:

1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15, 17, 19, 21…​

Clue:

Odd numbers always end with: 1, 3, 5, 7, or 9​

5.​ Prime Factors

A prime factor is a prime number that divides a number exactly.​

Example: Prime factors of 12 = 2 × 2 × 3​


(Since 2 and 3 are prime numbers)​
6.​ Percentages

A percentage is a part out of 100.​


% means “per 100”.​

Formula:​
Percentage=(PartWhole)×100\text{Percentage} = \left( \frac{\text{Part}}{\text{Whole}}
\right) \times 100

Example:​
25 is what percent of 100? → (25/100) × 100 = 25%​

7.​ Changing Numbers to Decimals & Fractions

Fraction to Decimal: Divide the top by the bottom.​


Example: ½ = 1 ÷ 2 = 0.5​

Decimal to Fraction: Write the decimal over a power of 10 and simplify.​


Example: 0.75 = 75/100 = 3/4​

8.​ Adding & Subtracting Decimal Numbers

Line up decimal points when adding or subtracting.​

Example:​
3.45 + 2.6 = 6.05​
5.7 − 2.15 = 3.55​

9.​ Factors of Numbers

A factor is a number that divides exactly into another number.​


Example: Factors of 12 = 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 12​

10.​ LCM (Lowest Common Multiple)

LCM is the smallest multiple two or more numbers share.​

Example: LCM of 4 and 5 = 20​


(Multiples of 4 = 4, 8, 12, 16, 20…)​
(Multiples of 5 = 5, 10, 15, 20…)​

11.​HCF (Highest Common Factor)

HCF is the largest number that divides two numbers exactly.​

Example: HCF of 12 and 16 = 4​


(Factors of 12: 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 12)​
(Factors of 16: 1, 2, 4, 8, 16)​

✍️ EXERCISE – PRACTICE QUESTIONS


1. List the first five natural numbers.​
2. Write any four integers (include negative and positive numbers).​
3. Find the prime factors of:​
a) 18 b) 45

4. Express the following as percentages:​


a) 30 out of 50 b) 25 out of 200

5. Convert the following:​


a) ⅗ to decimal b) 0.2 to a fraction

6. Add:​
a) 4.35 + 2.17 b) 3.8 + 0.65
7. Subtract:​
a) 5.6 − 2.3 b) 7.41 − 4.25

8. List all the factors of:​


a) 16 b) 24

9. Find the LCM of:​


a) 3 and 4 b) 6 and 8

10. Find the HCF of:​


a) 20 and 30 b) 12 and 18

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