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C Programming Syntax Guide

This document provides a comprehensive guide on C programming syntax, covering the basic structure of a C program, variables and data types, input/output functions, control structures, functions, arrays, pointers, structures, and comments. It includes code examples for each topic to illustrate the concepts. The guide serves as a foundational resource for understanding and writing C programs.

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2 views

C Programming Syntax Guide

This document provides a comprehensive guide on C programming syntax, covering the basic structure of a C program, variables and data types, input/output functions, control structures, functions, arrays, pointers, structures, and comments. It includes code examples for each topic to illustrate the concepts. The guide serves as a foundational resource for understanding and writing C programs.

Uploaded by

prottoypaul7
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Guide on C Programming Syntax

1. Basic Structure of C Program


A simple C program includes the following basic structure:
#include <stdio.h>

int main() {
// Code goes here
return 0;
}

#include <stdio.h>: Includes the standard input/output library.


int main(): The main function where the program starts.
return 0;: Exits the program and returns 0, indicating successful execution.

2. Variables and Data Types


Variables store data, and C has several basic data types:

int: Integer numbers


float: Floating-point numbers
char: Characters

Example:

int age = 25;


float salary = 35000.50;
char grade = 'A';

3. Input and Output


C uses printf() to print output and scanf() to take input.

Output:
printf("Hello, World!\n");
Input:
scanf("%d", &age); // %d for integer input
4. Control Structures
C provides several control structures like if, else, while, for, etc.

if-else statement:
if (age > 18) {
printf("Adult");
} else {
printf("Minor");
}

for loop:
for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
printf("%d\n", i);
}

while loop:
int i = 0;
while (i < 5) {
printf("%d\n", i);
i++;
}

5. Functions
Functions are blocks of code that perform a specific task.

int add(int a, int b) {


return a + b;
}

int main() {
int result = add(5, 3);
printf("Sum is: %d", result);
return 0;
}

6. Arrays
Arrays store multiple values of the same data type.

int numbers[5] = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5};


printf("%d", numbers[2]); // Accesses the third element (index starts from 0)
7. Pointers
Pointers store the memory address of a variable.

int x = 10;
int *ptr = &x; // Pointer to variable x
printf("%d", *ptr); // Dereference pointer to access value

8. Structures
Structures allow grouping different data types under one name.

struct Person {
char name[50];
int age;
};

struct Person p1;


p1.age = 30;
strcpy(p1.name, "John");

9. Comments
Comments are used to explain the code and are ignored by the compiler.

Single-line comment: // This is a comment


Multi-line comment: /* This is a comment */

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