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Government Polytechnic
Gandhinagar

PROJECT REPORT
SMART CAR PARKING SYSTEM
SUBJECT
MAJOR PROJECT ( Course Code: 4361704 )

SEMESTER
6Th

SUBMITTED TO
PROF. NAVED SIR

SUBMITTED BY
1. MISTRY TEJAS PRADIPBHAI
(Roll No. 236238317011)

2. BARIYA PRAFULKUMAR LAXMANBHAI

(Roll No. 236238317001)

3. GOHEL MITULKUMAR NATVARSINH

(Roll No. 236238317006)

4. PARMAR JAYDIPKUMAR RAMESHBHAI

(Roll No. 236238317015)

Department of Instrumentation and control

engineering
Government Polytechnic Gandhinagar
 OBJECTIVE
●​Main objective behind creating this project was
to create a parking system that was so free from
human intervention, that the only task humans
had to do was ask it for data or for some
scheduled maintenance. It could help in creating
a parking system much more efficient, systematic
and reliable than the traditional parking system.

●​It will help in enforcing odd/even rules made by

the Govt. of India.

●​It would help in creating high-skill jobs such as

that of a programmer.

●​It is also an environmentally friendly project.

PROJECT TITLE :- SMART CAR PARKING SYSTEM

AIM :-
to automate and optimize the parking process, making it more
efficient and user-friendly.

THEORY :-

It’s more crucial than ever to park your automobile efficiently in the
fast-paced world of today. With the development of technology, we
can now come up with clever methods to deal with this problem. In
this project, we are going to study the construction of an
Arduino-based car parking system with IR sensors. With the aid of
this technology, parking your automobile will be simple and
perfectly aligned within the parking place. We will guide you
through the parts and procedures needed to build this
ground-breaking system. develops a smart “Car Parking System”
that uses Arduino and infrared sensors to optimize parking
management. This novel invention uses infrared (IR) sensors to
identify the presence of automobiles in parking lots. Using
Arduino’s capabilities, the system interprets sensor data to assess
parking availability and sends real-time updates to users. The Car
Parking System not only streamlines the parking procedure but also
improves efficiency by reducing search time for available spots,
resulting in a better and more structured approach to urban parking
difficulties.
LITERATURE SURVEY :-
Finding a suitable parking space has become a significant concern
for people residing in metropolitan cities.. The traditional parking
methods cannot be used today as they are ineffective at utilizing
space; hence it is vital to find alternative parking systems. The cost
of land has grown exponentially in cities, so it becomes essential
that the parking solution requires the least possible space and can
accommodate the maximum amount of vehicles. The biggest issue
with owning a car in a metropolitan city in India is finding a suitable
parking space due to a lack of parking space. The number of cars in
India is more than 40 million, which corporations and personal
individuals own.

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM :-
COMPONENTS REQUIRED :-

1.​ PCB Board

2.​ Arduino NANO
3.​ 2 X IR Sensor
4.​ Servo Motor SG-90
5.​ 16×2 LCD Display
6.​ I2C Module
7.​ Wires
8.​ 6 V DC Adaptor

1.​PBC Board
A printed circuit board is a rigid
structure that contains electrical circuitry
made up of embedded metal surfaces
called traces and larger areas of metal
called planes. Components are soldered
to the board onto metal pads, which are
connected to the board circuitry. This
allows components to be interconnected.
A board can be composed of one, two, or
multiple layers of circuitry. Circuit
boards are built with a dielectric core material with poor electrical
conducting properties to ensure pure circuitry transmission and
interspaced with extra layers of metal and dielectric as needed. The
standard dielectric material used for circuit boards is a
flame-resistant composite of woven fiberglass cloth and epoxy resin,
known as FR-4, while the metal traces and planes for the circuitry
are usually composed of copper.
 2.​ Arduino NANO
Arduino Nano is a small,
compatible open-source
electronic development board
based on an 8-bit AVR
microcontroller. Two versions of
this board are available, one is
based on ATmega328p, and the
other on Atmega168.
Arduino Nano can perform some
functions similar to other boards
available in the market, however,
it is smaller in size and is a right
match for projects requiring less
memory space and fewer GPIO
pins to connect with.
This unit features 14 digital pins which you can use to connect with
external components, while 6 analog pins of 10-bit resolution each,
2 reset pins, and 6 power pins are integrated on the board.
Like other Arduino boards, the operating voltage of this device is
5V, while input voltage ranges between 6V to 20V while the
recommended input voltage ranges from 7V to 12V.
The clock frequency of this unit is 16MHz which is used to generate
a clock of a certain frequency using constant voltage.
The board supports a USB interface and it uses a mini USB port,
unlike most Arduino boards that use the standard USB port. And
there is no DC power jack included in this unit i.e. you cannot
power the board from an external power supply.
 3.​ IR Sensor
An infrared sensor (PIR sensor) is an electronic
sensor that measures infrared (IR) light radiating
from objects in its field of view. They are most often
used in PIR-based motion detectors. PIR sensors are
commonly used in security alarms and automatic
lighting applications. PIR sensors detect general
movement, but do not give information on who or
what moved. For that purpose, an imaging IR sensor
is required. PIR sensors are commonly called simply
"PIR", or sometimes "PID", for "passive infrared
detector". The term passive refers to the fact that PIR
devices do not radiate energy for detection purposes.
They work entirely by detecting infrared radiation
(radiant heat) emitted by or reflected from objects.

4.​ Servo Motor SG-90

A servomotor is designed to move to a
given angular position. A typical servo
motor has three connections. Two of them
are the positive and 0V supply lines. The
third connection carries the control signal
pulses from the control circuit (the
Arduino in this case).Servo motors may be
classified, according to the torque it can
withstand, as mini, standard and giant servos. Usually mini and
standard size servo motors can be controlled by Arduino directly
with no need to external driver. The rotor of the motor has limited
ability to turn. Generally it can turn 60-90° on either side of its
central position. The control signal is a series of pulses transmitted
at intervals of about 18 ms, or 50 pulses persecond.
 5.​ 16×2 LCD Display
A liquid-crystal display (LCD) is a flat-panel display or other
electronically modulated optical device that uses the light-
modulating properties of liquid crystals combined with polarizers.
Liquid crystals do not emit light directly, instead using a backlight
or reflector to produce images in color or monochrome. LCDs are
available to display arbitrary images (as in a general purpose
computer display) or fixed images with low information content,
which can be displayed or hidden. For instance: preset words, digits,
and seven-segment displays, as in a digital clock, are all good
examples of devices with these displays. They use the same basic
technology, except that arbitrary images are made from a matrix of
small pixels, while other displays have larger elements. LCDs can
either be normally on (positive) or off (negative), depending on the
polarizer arrangement. For example, a character positive LCD with
a backlight will have black lettering on a background that is the
color of the backlight, and a character negative LCD will have a
black background with the letters being of the same color as the
backlight. Optical filters are added to white on blue LCDs to give
them their characteristic appearance.
 6.​ I²C Module
I2C (Inter-Integrated Circuit, eye-squared-C), alternatively known
as I2C or IIC, is a synchronous, multi-controller / multi-target
(controller/target), packet switched,single-ended, serial
communication bus invented in 1982 by Philips Semiconductors. It
is widely used for attaching lower-speed peripheral ICs to
processors and microcontrollers in short- distance, intra-board
communication.Several competitors, such as Siemens, NEC, Texas
Instruments, Motorola, Nordic Semiconductor and Intersil, have
introduced compatible I2C products to the market since the
mid-1990s. System Management Bus (SMBus), defined by Intel in
1995, is a subset of I2C, defining a stricter usage. One purpose of
SMBus is to promote robustness and interoperability. Accordingly,
modern I2C systems incorporate some policies and rules from
SMBus, sometimes supporting both I2C and SMBus, requiring only
minimal reconfiguration either by commanding or output pin use.
CONCLUSION :-
●​ Our project detects the empty slots and helps the drivers to find
parking space in unfamiliar city. The average waiting time of
users for parking their vehicles is effectively reduced in this
system . It effectively satisfies the needs and requirements of
existing car. It also eliminates unnecessary travelling of
vehicles across the filled parking slots in a city.

BENEFITS :-
●​ Will help in enforcement of odd/even rules made by the
Government of India/local governing body
●​ Systematic management of vehicles in parking areas.
●​ Fully automatic for ease of humans.
●​ Accurate and correct cost for parking
●​ Reduce stress while searching parking space
●​ Generate high skill employment.
●​ It can be powered by some renewable source of energy, such as
Solar energy, Wind energy.
●​ Lowering individual environmental footprint
●​ Increase in Safety
●​ Reduce search traffic on streets.
●​ Customer satisfaction
●​ Save space and time