Project Report

On

HOSTEL
MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

Submitted by

MUHAMMED SHAHEER.K.A
MUHAMMED SHIRAS.A
VINOD RAJ.R
PRASOBH.G.V

In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree

of

Bachelor of Technology(B.Tech)
in
Computer Science and Engineering

DIVISION OF COMPUTER
ENGINEERING CENTRE FOR
ENGINEERING STUDIES
COCHIN UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND
TECHNOLOGY COCHIN-682022

APRIL 2009
 COCHIN UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
DIVISION OF COMPUTER ENGINEERING
CENTRE FOR ENGINEERING STUDIES
COCHIN-682022

Certficate

Certified that this is a bonafide record of the project work entitled

“HOSTEL MANAGEMENT SYSTEM”
done by the following students

MUHAMMED SHAHEER.K.A
MUHAMMED SHIRAS.A
VINOD RAJ.R
PRASOBH.G.V

Of the VIth semester, Computer Science and Engineering in the year 2009 in
partial fulfillment of the requirements to the award of Degree Bachelor of
Technology in Computer Science and Engineering of Cochin University of Science
and Technology.

Mr.Sudheep Elayidom Mr.David Peter

Project Guide Head of the Department

Place:Thrikkakara
Date:
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

We take this occasion to thank God, almighty for blessing us with his grace
and taking our endeavour to a successful culmination. We extend our sincere and
heart felt thanks to our esteemed guide, Mr.Sudheep Elayidom for providing us with
the right guidance and advice at the crucial junctures and for showing us the right way.
We extend our sincere thanks to our respected head of the division Mr.David Peter,
for allowing us to use the facilities available. We would like to thank the other
faculty members also, at this occasion. Last but not the least, we would like to thank
friends for the support and encouragement they have given us during the course of
our work.

Muhammed Shaheer.K.A
Muhammed Shiras.A
Vinod Raj.R
Prasobh.G.V
 ABSTRACT

As the name specifies “HOSTEL MANAGEMENT SYSTEM” is a software

developed for managing various activities in the hostel. For the past few years the number of

educational institutions are increasing rapidly. Thereby the number of hostels are also

increasing for the accom- modation of the students studying in this institution. And hence there

is a lot of strain on the person who are running the hostel and software’s are not usually used

in this context. This particular project deals with the problems on managing a hostel and

avoids the problems which occur when carried manually.

Identification of the drawbacks of the existing system leads to the designing of

computerized system that will be compatible to the existing system with the system Which is more

user friendly and more GUI oriented. We can improve the efficiency of the system, thus

overcome the drawbacks of the existing system.

·Less human error

·Strength and strain of manual labour can be reduced

·High security

·Data redundancy can be avoided to some extent

·Data consistency

·Easy to handle

·Easy data updating

·Easy record keeping

·Backup data can be easily generated

LIST OF TABLES
4.1. Student account creation......................................................................................................29

4.2. Administrator Login.............................................................................................................29

4.3. Application form..................................................................................................................30

4.4. Allotment.............................................................................................................................31

4.5. Vacating and editing.............................................................................................................31

4.6. Notice Board........................................................................................................................32

LIST OF FIGURES
4.1 Context Level DFD...............................................................................................................25

4.2 Student Module......................................................................................................................25

4.3 Registration Process...............................................................................................................26

4.4 Administrator Module............................................................................................................32

4.5 Allotment Process..................................................................................................................32

4.6 Vacating Process.....................................................................................................................33

LIST OF SYMBOLS
4.2.1 Rectangle.............................................................................................................................26

4.2.2 Arrow.................................................................................................................................26

4.2.3 Circle..................................................................................................................................26

4.2.4 Open rectangle....................................................................................................................26

 TABLE OF CONTENTS
1. INTRODUCTION......................................................................................................................01
1.1 Problem Definition.....................................................................................................01

1.2 User panel.................................................................................................................01

1.2.1 User login..............................................................................................01

1.2.1.1 Home......................................................................................01

1.2.1.2 Registration form.............................................................02

1.2.1.3 Notice Board....................................................................02

1.3 Admin panel...............................................................................................................02

1.3.1 Administrator Login..........................................................................02

1.3.1.1 Home.....................................................................................02

1.3.1.1.1 Allotment of the hostels….......................................02

1.3.1.1.2 Vacating the rooms….............................................02

2. SYSTEM ENVIRONMENT.....................................................................................................03

2.1 Hardware Configuration............................................................................................04

2.2 Software Configuration.............................................................................................04

2.3 Software Features.....................................................................................................04

2.3.1 php triad..........................................................................................04

2.3.1.1 php...................................................................................04
2.3.1.1.1 Speed optimization.................................................07
2.3.1.1.2 Security.................................................................08

2.3.1.1.3 Syntax....................................................................08

2.3.1.1.4 Data types.............................................................09

2.3.1.1.5 Functions...............................................................10

2.3.1.1.6 Objects..................................................................11

2.3.1.1.7 Resources..............................................................12
 2.3.1.2 MySQL.............................................................................13

2..3.1.2.1 Database tables...........................................................13

2..3.1.2.2 Queries......................................................................13

2.3.1.2.2.1 Create a Connection to Database...................14

2.3.1.2.2.2 Closing a connection......................................14

2.3.1.2.2.3 Create a database..........................................15

2.3.1.2.2.4 Create a table.................................................15

2.3.1.2.3 MySql functions.........................................................16

2.3.1.3 Macromedia Dreamweaver 8............................................17

2.3.1.3.1 Dreamweaver & accessibility..................................18

2.3.1.4 phpMyAdmin......................................................................19
2.3.1.4.1 Requirements.........................................................21

2.3.1.5 Apache web server............................................................22

3. SYSTEMANALYSIS................................................................................................................24

3.1 Existing System........................................................................................................25

4. SYSTEM DESIGN...................................................................................................................26

4.1 Input Design..............................................................................................................27

4.1.1 Administrator......................................................................................27

4.2 Process Design..........................................................................................................28

4.2.1 Data Flow Diagram............................................................................29

4.3 Database Design.......................................................................................................31

4.4 Output Design............................................................................................................35

5. SYSTEM TESTING...................................................................................................................36

5.1 Unit testing.................................................................................................................37

5.2 Integration testing.....................................................................................................37

5.3 User Acceptance testing...........................................................................................37

6. IMPORTANT CODE.................................................................................................................38

6.1 Administrator account with database connectivity......................................................39

6.2 Administrator Login Code........................................................................................40

6.3 Javascript Validation Code........................................................................................41

6.4 Editing Student Details..............................................................................................41

6.5 Storing values from Database...................................................................................44

6.6 Including a File..........................................................................................................44

7. IMPLEMENTATION................................................................................................................45

7.1 User Training............................................................................................................46

7.2 Security and Maintanance.........................................................................................47

8. CONCLUSION.........................................................................................................................48

9. BIBLIOGRAPHY.....................................................................................................................50

APPENDIX - I.......................................................................................................................53

APPENDIX - II.....................................................................................................................64

APPENDIX - III..............................................................................................................66
Hostel Mangement System

CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION

1.1 Problem definition

We have got nine hostels in our university, which consist of four boy’s hostel and five girl’s

hostel. All these hostels at present are managed manually by the hostel office. The Registration form

verification to the different data processing are done manually.

Thus there are a lot of repetitions which can be easily avoided. And hence there is a lot of

strain on the person who are running the hostel and software’s are not usually used in this

context.This particu- lar project deals with the problems on managing a hostel and avoids the

problems which occur when carried manually

Identification of the drawbacks of the existing system leads to the designing of

computerized system that will be compatible to the existing system with the system which is more

user friendly and more GUI oriented. We can improve the efficiency of the system, thus overcome

the drawbacks of the existing system.

1.2 User Panel

1.2.1 User Login

1.2.1.1 Home

1. This consist of the different pop-up menus showing the details of the different hostels

2. It contain a link to the CUSAT official web-site.

3. It allows the different users to access the registration forms.

4. He can view the Student administration division of the different hostels and also view the

notice boards.

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1.2.1.2 Registration Form

This section provides an online form to the students which can be filled by them,and a

copy of the filled page can be taken in the printed form. This is later submitted to the Hostel

authorities which can be verified by them before alotting them to the respective hostels.

1.2.1.3 Notice Board

All the 9 hostels have their Notice boards. Any change in the Hostel fee, mess fee will

be shown in this. It can be also used for different notifications.

1.3 Admin Panel

1.3.1 Administrator Login

1.3.2.1 Home

The Administrator can :

1. Allot different students to the different hostels.

2. Vacate the students for the hostels.

3. Control the status of the fee payement.

4. Edit the details of the students & modify the student records.

1.3.2.1.1 Allotment of the hostels

Their will be pre-defined criterias for the admission to the hostels. He checks the attested

application forms of the students obtained from the internet and varify it with the student database. If the

students are found eligible then they are allotted to the hostel.

1.3.2.1.2 Vacating the rooms

As the student’s course is over they will vacate their rooms. So it is required for the

administrator to remove their records from the database tables. This section includes the option for the

room vacation and the deletion of the particular record from the database.

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CHAPTER 2

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CHAPTER 2
SYSTEM
ENVIRONMENT

2.1 Hardware Configuration

1. Pentium IV Processor

2. 512 MB RAM

3. 40GB HDD

4. 1024 * 768 Resolution Color Monitor

Note: This is not the “System Requirements”.

2.2 Software Configuration

1. OS : Windows XP

2. PHP Triad (PHP, MySQL, Apache, and

PHPMyAdmin)

2.3 Software Features

2.3.1 PHP TRIAD

PHPTriad installs a

complete working

PHP/MySQL server

environment on Windows

platforms (9x/ NT).

Installs PHP, MySQL,

Apache, and

PHPMyAdmin.
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2.3.1.1 PHP

PHP is a scripting language originally designed for producing

dynamic web pages. It has evolved to include a command line

interface capability and can be used in standalone graphical

applications. While PHP was originally created by Rasmus Lerdorf in

1995, the main implementation of PHP is now produced by The PHP

Group and serves as the de facto standard for PHP as there is no

formal specification. PHP is free software released under the PHP

License, however it is incompatible with the GNU General Public

License

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(GPL), due to restrictions on the usage of the term PHP. It is a widely-used general-purpose scripting

language that is especially suited for web development and can be embedded into HTML. It generally runs

on a web server, taking PHP code as its input and creating web pages as output. It can be deployed on most

web servers and on almost every operating system and platform free of charge. PHP is installed on more

than 20 million websites and 1 million web servers.

PHP originally stood for Personal Home Page. It began in 1994 as a set of Common Gateway

Interface binaries written in the C programming language by the Danish/Greenlandic programmer

Rasmus Lerdorf. Lerdorf initially created these Personal Home Page Tools to replace a small set of

Perl scripts he had been using to maintain his personal homepage. The tools were used to perform tasks

such as displaying his résumé and recording how much traffic his page was receiving. He combined

these binaries with his Form Interpreter to create PHP/FI, which had more functionality. PHP/FI included

a larger implementation for the C programming language and could communicate with databases,

enabling the building of simple, dynamic web applications. Lerdorf released PHP publicly on June 8,

1995 to accelerate bug location and improve the code. This release was named PHP version 2 and

already had the basic functionality that PHP has today. This included Perl-like variables, form handling,

and the ability to embed HTML. The syntax was similar to Perl but was more limited, simpler, and less

consistent. Zeev Suraski and Andi Gutmans, two Israeli developers at the Technion IIT, rewrote the

parser in 1997 and formed the base of PHP 3, changing the language’s name to the recursive initialism

PHP: Hypertext Preprocessor. The development team officially released PHP/FI 2 in November 1997

after months of beta testing. Afterwards, public testing of PHP 3 began, and the official launch came in

June 1998. Suraski and Gutmans then started a new rewrite of PHP’s core, producing the Zend

Engine in 1999. They also founded Zend Technologies in Ramat Gan, Israel.

On May 22, 2000, PHP 4, powered by the Zend Engine 1.0, was released. On July 13, 2004,

PHP 5 was released, powered by the new Zend Engine II. PHP 5 included new features such as improved

support for object-oriented programming, the PHP Data Objects extension (which defines a lightweight and

consistent interface for accessing databases), and numerous performance enhancements. The most recent

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update released by The PHP Group is for the older PHP version 4 code branch.

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In 2008, PHP 5 became the only stable version under development. Late static binding has

been missing from PHP and will be added in version 5.3. PHP 6 is under development alongside PHP

5. Major changes include the removal of register_globals, magic quotes, and safe mode. The reason for the

removals was because register_globals had given way to security holes, and magic quotes had an

unpredictable nature, and was best avoided. Instead, to escape characters, Magic quotes may be substituted

with the addslashes() function, or more appropriately an escape mechanism specific to the database

vendor itself like mysql_real_escape_string() for MySQL.

PHP does not have complete native support for Unicode or multibyte strings; Unicode support will

be included in PHP 6. Many high profile open source projects ceased to support PHP 4 in new code

as of February 5, 2008, due to the GoPHP5 initiative, provided by a consortium of PHP developers

promoting the transition from PHP 4 to PHP 5. It runs in both 32-bit and 64-bit environments, but on

Windows the only official distribution is 32-bit, requiring Windows 32-bit compatibility mode to be

enabled while using IIS in a 64-bit Windows environment. There is a third-party distribution available

for 64-bit Windows.

Usage

PHP is a general-purpose scripting language that is especially suited for web development. PHP

generally runs on a web server, taking PHP code as its input and creating web pages as output. It can

also be used for command-line scripting and client-side GUI applications. PHP can be deployed on most

web servers, many operating systems and platforms, and can be used with many relational database

management systems. It is available free of charge, and the PHP Group provides the complete source code

for users to build, customize and extend for their own use.

PHP primarily acts as a filter, taking input from a file or stream containing text and/or PHP

instructions and outputs another stream of data; most commonly the output will be HTML. It can

automatically detect the language of the user. From PHP 4, the PHP parser compiles input to produce

bytecode for processing by the Zend Engine, giving improved performance over its interpreter

predecessor. Originally designed to create dynamic web pages, PHP’s principal focus is server-side
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scripting,and it is similar to other server-side scripting

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languages that provide dynamic content from a web server to a client, such as Microsoft’s Active

Server Pages, Sun Microsystems’ JavaServer Pages, and mod_perl. PHP has also attracted the

development of many frameworks that provide building blocks and a design structure to promote rapid

application develo- pment (RAD). Some of these include CakePHP, Symfony, CodeIgniter, and Zend

Framework, offering features similar to other web application frameworks.

The LAMP architecture has become popular in the web industry as a way of deploying web

applic- ations. PHP is commonly used as the P in this bundle alongside Linux, Apache and MySQL,

although the P may also refer to Python or Perl.

As of April 2007, over 20 million Internet domains were hosted on servers with PHP installed, and

PHP was recorded as the most popular Apache module. Significant websites are written in PHP including

the user- facing portion of Facebook, Wikipedia (MediaWiki), Yahoo!, MyYearbook, , Digg, Wordpress

and Tagged. In addition to server-side scripting, PHP can be used to create stand-alone, compiled

applications and libraries, it can be used for shell scripting, and the PHP binaries can be called from the

command line.

2.3.1.1.1 Speed optimization

As with many scripting languages, PHP scripts are normally kept as human-readable source code,

even on production web servers. In this case, PHP scripts will be compiled at runtime by the PHP

engine, which increases their execution time. PHP scripts are able to be compiled before runtime using PHP

compilers as with other programming languages such as C (the language PHP and its extensions are written

in). Code optimizers aim to reduce the computational complexity of the compiled code by reducing its

size and making other changes that can reduce the execution time with the overall goal of improving

performance. The nature of the PHP compiler is such that there are often opportunities for code

optimization, and an example of a code optimizer is the Zend Optimizer PHP extension.

Another approach for reducing overhead for high load PHP servers is using PHP accelerators. These

can offer significant performance gains by caching the compiled form of a PHP script in shared memory to

avoid the overhead of parsing and compiling the code every time the script runs.
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2.3.1.1.2 Security

The National Vulnerability Database stores all vulnerabities found in computer software. The overall

proportion of PHP-related vulnerabilities on the database amounted to: 12% in 2003, 20% in 2004, 28% in

2005, 43% in 2006, 36% in 2007, and 35% in 2008. Most of these PHP-related vulnerabilities can be

exploited remotely: they allow hackers to steal or destroy data from data sources linked to the

webserver (such as an SQL database), send spam or contribute to DOS attacks using malware, which

itself can be installed on the vulnerable servers.

These vulnerabilities are caused mostly by not following best practice programming rules:

technical security flaws of the language itself or of its core libraries are not frequent. Recognizing that

programmers cannot be trusted, some languages include taint checking to detect automatically the lack of

input validation which induces many issues. However, such a feature is being developed for PHP

Hosting PHP applications on a server requires a careful and constant attention to deal with

these security risks. There are advanced protection patches such as Suhosin and Hardening-Patch, especially

designed for web hosting environments. Installing PHP as a CGI binary rather than as an Apache module is

the preferred method for added security. With respect to securing the code itself, PHP code can be

obfuscated to make it difficult to read while remaining functional.

2.3.1.1.3 Syntax

<html>
<head>

<title>PHP Test </title>

</head>

<body>

<?php echo “<p> Hello World </p>”; ?>

</body></html>

Note : - Code in bold letters shows the PHP code embedded within HTML
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PHP only parses code within its delimiters. Anything outside its delimiters is sent directly to the

output and is not parsed by PHP. The most common delimiters are <?php and ?>, which are open and close

delimiters respectively. <script language=”php”> and </script> delimiters are also available. Short tags can

be used to start PHP code, <? or <?= (which is used to echo back a string or variable) and the tag to end

PHP code, ?>. These tags are commonly used, but like ASP-style tags (<% or <%= and %>), they are less

portable as they can be disabled in the PHP configuration. For this reason, the use of short tags and ASP-style

tags is discouraged. The purpose of these delimiters is to separate PHP code from non-PHP code,

including HTML.

Variables are prefixed with a dollar symbol and a type does not need to be specified in

advance. Unlike function and class names, variable names are case sensitive. Both double-quoted (“”)

and heredoc strings allow the ability to embed a variable’s value into the string. PHP treats newlines as

whitespace in the manner of a free-form language (except when inside string quotes), and statements are

terminated by a semicolon. PHP has three types of comment syntax: /* */ serves as block comments, and //

as well as # are used for inline comments. The echo statement is one of several facilities PHP provides to

output text (e.g. to a web browser).

In terms of keywords and language syntax, PHP is similar to most high level languages that follow

the C style syntax. If conditions, for and while loops, and function returns are similar in syntax to

languages such as C, C++, Java and Perl.

2.3.1.1.4 Data types

PHP stores whole numbers in a platform-dependent range. This range is typically that of 32-bit

signed integers. Unsigned integers are converted to signed values in certain situations; this behavior is

different from other programming languages. Integer variables can be assigned using decimal (positive and

negative), octal, and hexadecimal notations. Floating point numbers are also stored in a platform-specific

range. They can be specified using floating point notation, or two forms of scientific notation. PHP has a

native Boolean type that is similar to the native Boolean types in Java and C++. Using the Boolean type

conversion rules, non-zero values are interpreted as true and zero as false, as in Perl and C++. The null
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data type represents a variable that has no value.

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The only value in the null data type is NULL. Variables of the “resource” type represent references

to resources from external sources. These are typically created by functions from a particular extension,

and can only be processed by functions from the same extension; examples include file, image, and database

resources. Arrays can contain elements of any type that PHP can handle, including resources, objects,

and even other arrays. Order is preserved in lists of values and in hashes with both keys and values,

and the two can be intermingled. PHP also supports strings, which can be used with single quotes,

double quotes, or heredoc syntax. The Standard PHP Library (SPL) attempts to solve standard problems

and implements efficient data access interfaces and classes.

2.3.1.1.5 Functions

PHP has hundreds of base functions and thousands more from extensions. These functions are

well documented on the PHP site, but unfortunately, the built-in library has a wide variety of naming

conventions and inconsistencies. PHP currently has no functions for thread programming.

Version 5.2 and earlier

Functions are not first-class functions and can only be referenced by their name—directly or

dynamically by a variable containing the name of the function. User-defined functions can be created at

any time without being prototyped. Functions can be defined inside code blocks, permitting a run-time

decision as to whether or not a function should be defined. Function calls must use parentheses, with the

exception of zero argument class constructor functions called with the PHP new operator, where

parentheses are optional. PHP supports quasi-anonymous functions through the create_function() function,

although they are not true anonymous functions because anonymous functions are nameless, but functions can

only be referenced by name, or indirectly through a variable $function_name();, in PHP.

Version 5.3 and newer

PHP gained support for first-class functions and closures. True anonymous functions are supported

function getAdder($x) using the following syntax :

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function getAdder($x)
{
return function ($y) use ($x)
{ return $x + $y;
};
}
$adder = getAdder(8);
echo $adder(2); // prints “10”

Here, getAdder() function creates a closure using parameter $x (keyword “use” forces getting

variable from context), which takes additional argument $y and returns it to the caller. Such a function

can be stored, given as the parameter to another functions, etc. For more details see Lambda functions

and closures RFC.

2.3.1.1.6 Objects

Basic object-oriented programming functionality was added in PHP 3. Object handling was

completely rewritten for PHP 5, expanding the feature set and enhancing performance. In previous

versions of PHP, objects were handled like primitive types. The drawback of this method was that the

whole object was copied when a variable was assigned or passed as a parameter to a method. In the

new approach, objects are referenced by handle, and not by value. PHP 5 introduced private and

protected member variables and methods, along with abstract classes and final classes as well as abstract

methods and final methods. It also introduced a standard way of declaring constructors and destructors,

similar to that of other object-oriented languages such as C++, and a standard exception handling model.

Furthermore, PHP 5 added interfaces and allowed for multiple interfaces to be implemented. There

are special interfaces that allow objects to interact with the runtime system. Objects implementing

ArrayAccess can be used with array syntax and objects implementing Iterator or IteratorAggregate can

be used with the foreach language construct. There is no virtual table feature in the engine, so static

variables are bound with a name instead of a reference at compile time.

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If the developer creates a copy of an object using the reserved word clone, the Zend engine will

check if a clone() method has been defined or not. If not, it will call a default clone() which will

copy the object’s properties. If a clone() method is defined, then it will be responsible for setting the

necessary properties in the created object. For convenience, the engine will supply a function that

imports the properties of the source object, so that the programmer can start with a by-value replica of

the source object and only override properties that need to be changed.

2.3.1.1.7 Resources

PHP includes free and open source libraries with the core build. PHP is a fundamentally

Internet- aware system with modules built in for accessing FTP servers, many database servers, embedded

SQL libraries such as embedded PostgreSQL, MySQL and SQLite, LDAP servers, and others. Many

functions familiar to C programmers such as those in the stdio family are available in the standard PHP

build. PHP has traditionally used features such as “magic_quotes_gpc” and “magic_quotes_runtime” which

attempt to escape apostrophes (‘) and quotes (“) in strings in the assumption that they will be used in

databases, to prevent SQL injection attacks. This leads to confusion over which data is escaped and which

is not, and to problems when data is not in fact used as input to a database and when the escaping used

is not completely correct. To make code portable between servers which do and do not use magic

quotes, developers can preface their code with a script to reverse the effect of magic quotes when it is

applied.

PHP allows developers to write extensions in C to add functionality to the PHP language. These

can then be compiled into PHP or loaded dynamically at runtime. Extensions have been written to add

support for the Windows API, process management on Unix-like operating systems, multibyte strings

(Unicode), cURL, and several popular compression formats. Some more unusual features include integration

with Internet Relay Chat, dynamic generation of images and Adobe Flash content, and even speech

synthesis. The PHP Extension Community Library (PECL) project is a repository for extensions to the

PHP language. Zend provides a certification exam for programmers to become certified PHP

developers.
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2.3.1.2 MY SQL

What is a database? Quite simply, it’s an organized collection of data. A database management

system (DBMS) such as Access, FileMaker Pro, Oracle or SQL Server provides you with the software

tools you need to organize that data in a flexible manner. It includes facilities to add, modify or delete

data from the database, ask questions (or queries) about the data stored in the database and produce

reports summarizing selected contents.

MySQL is a multithreaded,multi-user SQL database management system(DBMS). The basic

program runs as a server providing multi-user access to a number of databases.Originally financed in a

similar fashion to the JBoss model, MySQL was owned and sponsored by a single for-profit firm, the

Swedish company MySQLAB now a subsidiary of Sun Microsystem , which holds the copyright to

most of the codebase. The project’s source code is available under terms of the GNU General Public

Licence, as well as under a variety of proprietory agreements.

MySQL is a database.The data in MySQL is stored in database objects called tables.A table

is a collections of related data entries and it consists of columns and rows.Databases are useful when

storing information categorically. A company may have a database with the following tables: “Employees”,

“Products”, “Customers” and “Orders”.

2.3.1.2.1 Database Tables

A database most often contains one or more tables. Each table is identified by a name (e.g.

“Customers” or “Orders”). Tables contain records (rows) with data.

2.3.1.2.2 Queries

A query is a question or a request.With MySQL, we can query a database for specific information

and have a recordset returned.

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2.3.1.2.2.1 Create a connection to a database

Before you can access data in a database, you must create a connection to the database.In PHP, this is

done with the mysql_connect() function.

Syntax

Example

In the following example we store the connection in a variable ($con) for later use in the script. The

“die” part will be executed if the connection fails:

2.3.1.2.2.2 Closing a Connection

The connection will be closed automatically when the script ends. To close the connection before,

use the mysql_close() function:

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2.3.1.2.2.3 Create a Database

The CREATE DATABASE statement is used to create a database in MySQL.

Syntax

CREATE DATABASE database_name

To get PHP to execute the statement above we must use the mysql_query() function. This function

is used to send a query or command to a MySQL connection.

2.3.1.2.2.4 Create a Table

The CREATE TABLE statement is used to create a table in MySQL

Syntax

CREATE TABLE table_name

(
column_name1 data_type,
column_name2 data_type,
column_name3 data_type,
....

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2.3.1.2.3 MySQL Functions

mysql_affected_rows — Get number of affected rows in previous MySQL

operation mysql_change_user — Change logged in user of the active connection

mysql_client_encoding — Returns the name of the character set

mysql_close — Close MySQL connection

mysql_connect — Open a connection to a MySQL Server

mysql_create_db — Create a MySQL database

mysql_data_seek — Move internal result pointer

mysql_db_name — Get result data

mysql_db_query — Send a MySQL query

mysql_drop_db — Drop (delete) a MySQL

database

mysql_errno — Returns the numerical value of the error message from previous MySQL

operation mysql_error — Returns the text of the error message from previous MySQL

operation mysql_escape_string — Escapes a string for use in a mysql_query

mysql_fetch_array — Fetch a result row as an associative array, a numeric array, or both

mysql_fetch_assoc — Fetch a result row as an associative array

mysql_fetch_field — Get column information from a result and return as an object

mysql_fetch_lengths — Get the length of each output in a result

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mysql_fetch_object — Fetch a result row as an object

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wsmysql_num_rows — Get number of rows in result

mysql_pconnect — Open a persistent connection to a MySQL server

mysql_ping — Ping a server connection or reconnect if there is no

connection mysql_query — Send a MySQL query

mysql_result — Get result data

mysql_select_db — Select a MySQL

database

mysql_set_charset — Sets the client character

set mysql_stat — Get current system status

mysql_tablename — Get table name of field

mysql_thread_id — Return the current thread

ID

mysql_unbuffered_query — Send an SQL query to MySQL, without fetching and buffering the result

(See Appendix 2 for more My_SQL Functions.)

2.3.1.3 Macromedia Dreamweaver 8

Is a professional HTML editor for designing, coding, and developing websites, web pages, and web

applications. Whether you enjoy the control of hand-coding HTML or prefer to work in a visual editing

environment, Dreamweaver provides you with helpful tools to enhance your web creation experience.

The visual editing features in Dreamweaver let you quickly create pages without writing a line

of code. You can view all your site elements or assets and drag them from an easy-to-use panel directly

into a document. You can streamline your development workflow by creating and editing images in

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Macromedia Fireworks or another graphics application, then importing them directly into Dreamweaver,

or by adding

Macromedia Flash objects.

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Dreamweaver also provides a full-featured coding environment that includes code-editing tools (such

as code coloring and tag completion) and language reference material on Cascading Style Sheets (CSS),

JavaScript, and ColdFusion Markup Language (CFML), among others. Macromedia Roundtrip HTML

technology imports your hand-coded HTML documents without reformatting the code; you can then

reformat code with your preferred formatting style. Dreamweaver also enables you to build dynamic

database-backed web applications using server technologies such as CFML, ASP.NET, ASP, JSP, and

PHP.

2.3.1.3.1 Dreamweaver and accessibility

Accessibility refers to making websites and web products usable for people with visual,

auditory, motor, and other disabilities. Examples of accessibility features for software products and

websites include screen reader support, text equivalents for graphics, keyboard shortcuts, change of

display colors to high contrast, and so on. Dreamweaver provides tools that make the product

accessible and tools that help you author accessible content:

Using Dreamweaver accessibility features For Dreamweaver web designers who need to use

accessibility features, Dreamweaver offers screen reader support, keyboard navigation, and operating

system accessibility support.For more information, see Using Dreamweaver accessibility features.

Authoring for accessibility For Dreamweaver web designers who need to create accessible content,

Dreamweaver assists you in creating accessible pages that contain useful content for screen readers

and comply with government guidelines.

Dreamweaver provides dialog boxes that prompt you to enter accessibility attributes when you insert

page elements (see Optimizing the workspace for accessible page design).For example, the accessibility

dialog box for images reminds you to add text equivalents for graphics. Then, when the image appears on

a page for a user with visual disabilities, the screen reader reads the description.
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2.3.1.3.2 Laying Out Pages with CSS

In Macromedia Dreamweaver 8, you can use CSS styles to lay out your page. You can either insert

div tags manually and apply CSS positioning styles to them, or you can use Dreamweaver layers to create

your layout. A layer in Dreamweaver is an HTML page element—specifically, a div tag, or any other tag—

that has an absolute position assigned to it. Whether you use CSS, tables, or frames to lay out your pages,

Dreamweaver has rulers and grids for visual guidance in your layout. Dreamweaver also has a tracing

image feature, which you can use to re-create a page design that was created in a graphics application.

Client-side role of forms

Forms support the client side of the client-server relationship. When a visitor enters information

into a form displayed in a web browser (the client) and clicks the submit button, the information is sent to

the server where a server-side script or application processes it. Common server-side technologies used

for processing form data include Macromedia ColdFusion, Microsoft Active Server Pages (ASP), and

PHP. The server responds by sending requested information back to the user (or client), or performing

some action based on the form’s contents.

( Note : - See Appendix 1 for more about Macromedia Dreamweaver 8 and phpMyAdmin)

2.3.1.4 phpMAdmin

phpMyAdmin is an open source tool written in PHP intended to handle the administration of

MySQL over the World Wide Web. phpMyAdmin supports a wide range of operations with

MySQL.Currently it can create and drop databases, create/drop/alter tables, delete/edit/add fields, execute

any SQL statement, manage users and permissions, and manage keys on fields. while you still have the

ability to directly execute any SQL statement. phpMyAdmin can manage a whole MySQL server (needs a

super-user) as well as a single database. To accomplish the latter you’ll need a properly set up MySQL

user who can read/write only the desired database. It’s up to you to look up the appropriate part in

the MySQL manual.

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phpMyAdmin can:

· browse and drop databases, tables, views, fields and indexes

· create, copy, drop, rename and alter databases, tables, fields and indexes

· maintenance server, databases and tables, with proposals on server configuration

· execute, edit and bookmark any SQL-statement, even batch-queries

· load text files into tables

· create and read dumps of tables

· export data to various formats: CSV, XML, PDF, ISO/IEC 26300 - OpenDocument Text and

Spreadsheet, Word, Excel and LAET X formats

· administer multiple servers

· manage MySQL users and privileges

· check referential integrity in MyISAM tables

· using Query-by-example (QBE), create complex queries automatically connecting required tables

· create PDF graphics of your Database layout

· search globally in a database or a subset of it

· transform stored data into any format using a set of predefined functions, like displaying

BLOB- data as image or download-link

· support InnoDB tables and foreign keys

· support mysqli, the improved MySQL extension

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A word about users:

Many people have difficulty understanding the concept of user management with regards

to phpMyAdmin. When a user logs in to phpMyAdmin, that username and password are passed directly

to MySQL. phpMyAdmin does no account management on its own (other than allowing one to

manipulate the MySQL user account information); all users must be valid MySQL users.

1) phpMyAdmin can compress (Zip, GZip -RFC 1952- or Bzip2 formats) dumps and CSV

exports if you use PHP with Zlib support (—with-zlib) and/or Bzip2 support (—with-bz2). Proper

support may also need changes in php.ini.a phpMyAdmin screen appears as shown below.

2.3.1.4. 1 Requirements

o PHP

o You need PHP 5.2.0 or newer, with session support and the Standard PHP Library

(SPL) extension.

o To support uploading of ZIP files, you need the PHP zip extension.

o For proper support of multibyte strings (eg. UTF-8, which is currently default), you

should install mbstring and ctype extensions.

o You need GD2 support in PHP to display inline thumbnails of JPEGs (“image/jpeg:

inline”) with their original aspect ratio

o When using the “cookie” authentication method, the mcrypt extension is strongly

suggested for most users and is required for 64–bit machines. Not using mcrypt will cause

phpMyAdmin to load pages significantly slower.

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2.3.1.5 Apache Web server

Often referred to as simply Apache, a public-domain open source Web server developed by a

loosely- knit group of programmers. The first version of Apache, based on the NCSA httpd Web server,

was developed in 1995.

Core development of the Apache Web server is performed by a group of about 20 volunteer

programmers, called the Apache Group. However, because the source code is freely available, anyone can

adapt the server for specific needs, and there is a large public library of Apache add-ons. In many

respects, development of Apache is similar to development of the Linux operating system.

The original version of Apache was written for UNIX, but there are now versions that run under

OS/ 2, Windows and other platforms. The name is a tribute to the Native American Apache Indian tribe, a

tribe well known for its endurance and skill in warfare. A common misunderstanding is that it was called

Apache because it was developed from existing NCSA code plus various patches, hence the name a patchy

server, or Apache server.

Apache consistently rates as the world’s most popular Web server according to

analyst surveys. Apache has attracted so much interest because it is full-featured, reliable, and

free. Originally developed for UNIX™ operating systems, Apache has been updated to run on

Windows, OS/2, and other platforms. One aspect of Apache that some site administrators find

confusing — especially those unfamiliar with UNIX-style software — is its configuration

scheme. Instead of using a point-and-click graphic user interface (GUI) or Windows Registry

keys as most other modern software packages, Apache generally relies on simple text files for its

configuration settings.

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Configuration Files

Apache uses a system of three text files for managing its configuration data. All three of these files

(almost always) appear in Apache’s ./conf directory and are designed to be edited by system

administrators:

1. httpd.conf for general settings

2. srm.conf for resource settings

3. access.conf for security settings

When Apache first starts, these files are processed in the order shown above. Originally, the

initial installation of Apache included default entries within each of the three files. In the most recent

versions of Apache, however, the default installation has changed. Now httpd.conf is treated as the “master”

configuration file and it contains all of the settings. Both srm.conf and access.conf still exist in the installation,

but they contain no settings and are empty except for some comments.

Inside Httpd.conf

Traditionaly httpd.conf contained general settings such as the ServerName and Port

number.These entries appear as follows in the file: ServerName compnetworking.about.com Port 80

The term “httpd” stands for HTTP Daemon. Recall that in a UNIX environment, the term daemon

refers to a type of process designed to launch at system boot and continue running for very long periods

of time. This file contains a number of other entries (technically called directives), but for most of

these,modifications are optional. Probably the most useful of these entries is ServerAdmin.

Access and Security Settings

It is recommended practice now for Apache administrators to manage their resource and

security settings from httpd.conf. Administrators of older versions of Apache can simply cut their entries

from srm.conf and access.conf and paste them into the master file. If an administrator wants to go one step

further and delete the two empty files, they should also place the following entries in httpd.conf to prevent

Apache from attempting to access them.

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CHAPTER 3

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CHAPTER 3
SYSTEM ANALYSIS
3.1

For the past few years the number of educational institutions are increasing rapidly. Thereby the

number of hostels are also increasing for the accommodation of the students studying in this institution. And

hence there is a lot of strain on the person who are running the hostel and software’s are not usually used

in this context. This particular project deals with the problems on managing a hostel and avoids the

problems which occur when carried manually

Identification of the drawbacks of the existing system leads to the designing of computerized

system that will be compatible to the existing system with the system which is more user friendly and

more GUI oriented. We can improve the efficiency of the system, thus overcome the following

drawbacks of the existing system.

· more human error.

· more strength and strain of manual labour needed

· Repetition of the same procedures.

· low security

· Data redundancy

· difficult to handle

· difficult to update data

· record keeping is difficult

· Backup data can be easily generated

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CHAPTER 4

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CHAPTER 4

SYSTEM DESIGN
4.1 Input
Design
The system design is divided in to two portions. The Administrator section and the User(student’s)

section.

4.1.1 Administrator

1. The Administrator can allot different students to the different hostels.

2. He can vacate the students for the hostels.

3. He can control the status of the fee payement.

4. He can edit the details of the students.He can change their rooms, edit and delete the student
records.

A process of converting user originated inputs to a computer-based format. Input design is an

important part of development process since inaccurate input data are the most common cause of errors in data

processing. Erroneous entries can be controlled by input design. It consists of developing specifications

and procedures for entering data into a system and must be in simple format. The goal of input data design is

to make data entry as easy, logical and free from errors as possible. In input data design, we design the

source document that capture the data and then select the media used to enter them into the

computer.

There are two major approaches for entering data in to the computer. They are

· Menus.

· Dialog Boxes.

Menus

A menu is a selection list that simplifies computer data access or entry. Instead of remembering

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what to enter, the user chooses from a list of options. A menu limits a user choice of response but reduce

the chances for error in data entry.

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Dialog Box

Dialog boxes are windows and these windows are mainly popup, which appear in response to

certain conditions that occur when a program is run. It allows the display of bitmaps and pictures. It can

have various controls like buttons, text boxes, list boxes and combo boxes. Using these controls we can

make a ‘dialog’ with the program.

The proposed system has three major inputs. They are Machine Registration, Machine

Scheduling and Request Form.

4.2 Process Design

Process design plays an important role in project development. In order to understand the

working procedure, process design is necessary. Data Flow Diagram and System Flow chart are

the tools used for process design.

System Flow Chart is a graphical representation of the system showing the overall flow of

control in processing at the job level; specifies what activities must be done to convert from a

physical to logical model.

Data Flow Diagram is the logical representation of the data flow of the project. The DFD is

drawn using various symbols. It has a source and a destination. The process is represented using

circles and source and destination are represented using squares. The data flow is represented using

arrows.

One reader can easily get the idea about the project through Data Flow Diagram.

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SYMBOLS USED IN DATA FLOW DIAGRAM

4.2.1 - source rectangle, which defines or destination

4.2.2 -Arrow, which shows dataflow.

4.2.3 -Circle, which represent a process that transforms incoming

data into outgoing flow.

4.2.4 -Open rectangle, which shows a data store.

4.2.1 Data Flow Diagram

4.1 Context level DFD

4.2 Student Module

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4.3 Registration process

4.4 Admin module

4.5 Allotment process

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4.6 Vacating process

4.3 Database Design

The data in the system has to be stored and retrieved from database. Designing the database is

part of system design. Data elements and data structures to be stored have been identified at analysis

stage. They are structured and put together to design the data storage and retrieval system.

A database is a collection of interrelated data stored with minimum redundancy to serve many

users quickly and efficiently. The general objective is to make database access easy, quick,

inexpensive and flexible for the user. Relationships are established between the data items and

unnecessary data items are removed. Normalization is done to get an internal consistency of data

and to have minimum redundancy and maximum stability. This ensures minimizing data storage

required, minimizing chances of data inconsistencies and optimizing for updates. The MS Access

database has been chosen for developing the relevant databases.

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The following are the tables that are involved in the proposed system

1. Student account creation

2. Administrator Login

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3. Application form

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4. Allotment

5. Vacating and editing

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6. Notice Board

4.4 Output Design

Designing computer output should proceed in an organized, well throughout manner; the right

output element is designed so that people will find the system whether or executed. When we design an

output we must identify the specific output that is needed to meet the system. The usefulness of the

new system is evaluated on the basis of their output.

Once the output requirements are determined, the system designer can decide what to include in

the system and how to structure it so that the require output can be produced. For the proposed

software, it is necessary that the output reports be compatible in format with the existing reports. The output

must be concerned to the overall performance and the system’s working, as it should. It consists of

developing specifications and procedures for data preparation, those steps necessary to put the inputs and

the desired output, ie maximum user friendly. Proper messages and appropriate directions can control

errors committed by users.

The output design is the key to the success of any system. Output is the key between the user and

the sensor. The output must be concerned to the system’s working, as it should.

Output design consists of displaying specifications and procedures as data presentation. User never

left with the confusion as to what is happening without appropriate error and acknowledges message being

received. Even an unknown person can operate the system without knowing anything about the

system.
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CHAPTER 5

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CHAPTER 5

SYSTEM TESTING
System testing is the stage of implementation, which is aimed at

ensuring that the system works accurately and efficiently before live

operation commences. Testing is the process of executing the program

with the intent of finding errors and missing operations and also a

complete verification to determine whether the objectives are met and

the user requirements are satisfied. The ultimate aim is quality

assurance.

Tests are carried out and the results are compared with the expected document. In the case of erroneous

results, debugging is done. Using detailed testing strategies a test plan is carried out on each module.

The various tests performed in “Network Backup System” are unit testing, integration testing and user

acceptance testing.

5.1 Unit Testing

The software units in a system are modules and routines that are

assembled and integrated to perform a specific function. Unit testing

focuses first on modules, independently of one another, to locate

errors. This enables, to detect errors in coding and logic that are

contained within each module. This testing includes entering data

and ascertaining if the value matches to the type and size supported by

java. The various controls are tested to ensure that each performs its

action as required.

5.2 Integration Testing

Data can be lost across any interface, one module can have an

adverse effect on another, sub functions when combined, may not

produce the desired major functions. Integration testing is a

systematic testing to discover errors associated within the interface.

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The objective is to take unit tested modules and build a program

structure. All the modules are combined and tested as a whole. Here

the Server module and Client module options are integrated and

tested. This testing provides the assurance that the application is well

integrated functional unit with smooth transition of data.

5.3 User Acceptance Testing

User acceptance of a system is the key factor for the

success of any system. The system under consideration is tested for

user acceptance by constantly keeping in touch with the system

users at time of developing and making changes whenever required.

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CHAPTER 6

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CHAPTER 6
IMPORTANT CODE

6.1 Administrator account with database

connectivity

<?php

session_start();

$a=$_POST["user1"];

$b=$_POST["pass1"];

$c=$_POST["pass1"];

$_SESSION['user1']=$user1;

$_SESSION['pass1']=$pass1;

$cc=mysql_connect("localhost","root","");

mysql_select_db("hostel");

$abc="CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS

'adm_account'( 'id' INT(20) NOT NULL

AUTO_INCREMENT,

'user' VARCHAR(60) NOT

NULL, 'pass' VARCHAR(60)

NOT NULL,

'pass_r' VARCHAR(60) NOT NULL,PRIMARY

KEY('id'))";

mysql_query($abc);

$sql="insert into adm_account (user,pass,pass_r) values ('$user1','$pass1','$pass1')";

mysql_query($sql);

mysql_close($cc);

?>
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6.2 Administrator Login Code

<?
session_start();
if(isset($_REQUEST['sub1']))
{
$user=$_REQUEST['user1'];
$pass=$_REQUEST['pass1'];
$cc=mysql_connect("localhost","root","");
mysql_select_db("hostel");
$sql="SELECT * FROM adm_account where user1='$user' AND pass1='$pass'";
$res=@mysql_query($sql);
//$a=@mysql_affected_rows();
//if($a>=1)
$num=mysql_num_rows($res);
if($num>0)
{
$_SESSION['pass']=$pass;
$_SESSION['user']=$user;
header("location:admin_home.php");
}
else
{
$flag=1;
$msg="Wrong username or password";
}

? >
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6.3 Javascript Validation Code

function validate(f)
{
if((f.user.value=="")||(f.user.value.length<5))
{
alert("Please enter a valid username");
f.user.focus();
return false;
}
if((f.pass.value=="")||(f.pass.value.length<6))
{
alert("Please enter a valid password");
f.pass.focus();
return false;
}
return true;
}

6.4 Editing Student details

<?php
session_start();
if(!(isset($_SESSION['user'])) && !(isset($_SESSION['pass'])))
header("location:index.php");
include_once("include_files/db.php");
$con=new dbconnect();
$con->open();

//accepting values from form and inserting them into database

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if(isset($_REQUEST['edit']))
{

//receives data from current form

$year=$_REQUEST['year'];
$message="For"." "."-".$year.""."Batch";
$table=$year.'r';
$f1=0;
$f2=0;
$table_a=$year.'a';
$sql="SELECT * FROM $table_a";
$result=@mysql_query($sql);
$total_num=@mysql_num_rows($result);
if($total_num<=0)
{
$f1=1;
}
$table_i=$year.'i';
$sql="SELECT * FROM $table_i";
$result=@mysql_query($sql);
$total_num=@mysql_num_rows($result);
if($total_num<=0)
{
$f2=1;
}

$s_code=substr($sem,1,1);
$stud_num=$_REQUEST['stud_num'];

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for($i=1;$i<=$stud_num;$i++)
{
$id[$i]=$_POST["id".$i];
$roll_no[$i]=$_POST["roll_no".$i];
$reg_no[$i]=$_POST["reg_no".$i];
$name[$i]=$_POST['name'.$i];
$email[$i]=$_POST['email'.$i];

}
for($i=1;$i<=$stud_num;$i++)
{
$sql="UPDATE $table SET
roll_no='{$roll_no[$i]}',reg_no='{$reg_no[$i]}',name='{$name[$i]}',
email='{$email[$i]}' WHERE id='{$id[$i]}'";
$con->update($sql);
if($f1==0)
{
$sql_a="UPDATE $table_a SET roll_no='{$roll_no[$i]}',name='{$name[$i]}'
WHERE id='{$id[$i]}'";
$con->update($sql_a);
}
if($f2==0)
{
$sql_i="UPDATE $table_i SET roll_no='{$roll_no[$i]}',name='{$name[$i]}'
WHERE id='{$id[$i]}'";
$con->update($sql_i);
}

}
header("location:stud_edit.php?year={$year}");
}
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if(isset($_REQUEST['delete']))
{

$year=$_REQUEST['year'];
$table=$year.'r';
$sql="DROP TABLE $table";
@mysql_query($sql);
header("location:admin_home.php");
}

?>

6.5 Storing values from database

$i=1;
while($row=@mysql_fetch_array($result))
{
$id[$i]=$row['id'];
$roll_no[$i]=$row['roll_no'];
$reg_no[$i]=$row['reg_no'];
$name[$i]=$row['name'];
$email[$i]=$row['email'];
$i++;
}

6.6 Includin a file

<? include_once("include_files/footer.htm");?>

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CHAPTER 7

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CHAPTER 7
IMPLEMENTATION
Implementation is the stage in the project where the theoretical

design is turned into a working system and is giving confidence on the

new system for the users that it will work efficiently and effectively. It

involves careful planning, investigation of the current system and its

constraints on implementation, design of methods to achieve the change

over, an evaluation of change over methods. Apart from planning

major task of preparing the implementation are education and training

of users. The implementation process begins with preparing a plan for

the implementation of the system. According to this plan, the activities

are to be carried out, discussions made regarding the equipment and

resources and the additional equipment has to be acquired to implement

the new system. In network backup system no additional

resources are needed.

Implementation is the final and the most important phase. The

most critical stage in achieving a successful new system is giving the

users confidence that the new system will work and be effective. The

system can be implemented only after thorough testing is done and if it

is found to be working according to the specification. This method also

offers the greatest security since the old system can take over if the

errors are found or inability to handle certain type of transactions

while using the new system.

7.1 User Training

After the system is implemented successfully, training

of the user is one of the most important subtasks of the developer. For

this purpose user manuals are prepared and handled over to the user to
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operate the developed system. Thus the users are trained to operate

the developed system. Both the hardware and software securities are

made to run the developed systems successfully in future. In order to put

new application system into use, the following activities were taken

care of:

· Preparation of user and system documentation

. Conducting user training with demo

and hands on

· Test run for some period to ensure smooth switching

over the system

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The users are trained to use the newly developed functions. User manuals describing the

procedures for using the functions listed on menu are circulated to all the users. It is confirmed

that the system is implemented up to users need and expectations.

7.2 Security and Maintenance

Maintenance involves the software industry captive, typing up system resources .It

means restoring something to its original condition. Maintenance follows conversion to the extend

that changes are necessary to maintain satisfactory operations relative to changes in the user’s

environment. Maintenance often includes minor enhancements or corrections to problems that

surface in the system’s operation. Maintenance is also done based on fixing the problems

reported, changing the interface with other software or hardware enhancing the software.

Any system developed should be secured and protected against possible hazards.

Security measures are provided to prevent unauthorized access of the database at various levels.

An uninterrupted power supply should be so that the power failure or voltage fluctuations will

not erase the data in the files.

Password protection and simple procedures to prevent the unauthorized access are

provided to the users .The system allows the user to enter the system only through proper

user name and password.

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CHAPTER 8

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CHAPTER 8
CONCLUSION

To conclude the description about the project : The project, developed using PHP and MySQL

is based on the requirement specification of the user and the analysis of the existing system, with

flexibility for future enhancement.

The expanded functionality of today’s software requires an appropriate approach towards

software development. This hostel management software is designed for people who want to manage

various activi- ties in the hostel. For the past few years the number of educational institutions are

increasing rapidly.

Thereby the number of hostels are also increasing for the accommodation of the students studying in

this institution. And hence there is a lot of strain on the person who are running the hostel and

software’s are not usually used in this context. This particular project deals with the problems on

managing a hostel and avoids the problems which occur when carried manually.

Identification of the drawbacks of the existing system leads to

the designing of computerized system that will be compatible to the

existing system with the system which is more user friendly and

more GUI oriented.

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CHAPTER 9

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CHAPTER 9
BIBILIOGRAPHY

1. www.w3schools.com

2. in.php.net

3. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PHP

4. www.hotscripts.com/category/php/

5. www.apache.org/

6. www.mysql.com/click.php?e=35050

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APPENDIX

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APPENDIX - I

Dreamweaver 8 &
phpMyAdmin

Dreamweaver 8 includes various new features that improve

usability and help you to build pages whether you’re working in the

design or the coding environment. First, Dreamweaver 8 provides

support for best practices and industry standards, including support for

advanced CSS use, XML and RSS feeds, and accessibility

requirements.

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Get more done in less time with optimized user workflows that reduce the time required to

complete common tasks. Dreamweaver 8 takes the hassle out of the little things so you can spend more

time designing and developing engaging websites and applications.

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Dreamweaver 8 supports efforts to learn and take advantage of new technologies, including PHP

5, Flash Video, ColdFusion MX 7, and the Macromedia Web Publishing System.

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Dreamweaver and accessibility

Accessibility refers to making websites and web products usable for people with visual,

auditory, motor, and other disabilities. Examples of accessibility features for software products and

websites include screen reader support, text equivalents for graphics, keyboard shortcuts, change of

display colors to high contrast, and so on. Dreamweaver provides tools that make the product

accessible and tools that help you author accessible content:

Using Dreamweaver accessibility features For Dreamweaver web designers who need to use

accessibility features, Dreamweaver offers screen reader support, keyboard navigation, and operating

system accessibility support.For more information, see Using Dreamweaver accessibility features.

Authoring for accessibility For Dreamweaver web designers who need to create accessible content,

Dreamweaver assists you in creating accessible pages that contain useful content for screen readers

and comply with government guidelines.

Dreamweaver provides dialog boxes that prompt you to enter accessibility attributes when you insert

page elements (see Optimizing the workspace for accessible page design).For example, the accessibility

dialog box for images reminds you to add text equivalents for graphics. Then, when the image appears on

a page for a user with visual disabilities, the screen reader reads the description.
Dreamweaver also provides sample web pages that were designed for accessibility (see Creating a

document based on a Dreamweaver design file) and an accessibility report that you can run to test your

page or site against the Section 508 accessibility guidelines.

The workspace layout

In Windows, Dreamweaver provides an all-in-one-window integrated layout. In the integrated

workspace, all windows and panels are integrated into a single larger application window.

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On the Macintosh, Dreamweaver can display multiple documents in a single window with tabs

that identify each document. Dreamweaver can also display a floating workspace in which each document

appears in its own individual window. Panel groups are initially docked together, but can be undocked into

their own windows. Windows “snap” automatically to each other, to the sides of the screen, and to

the Document window as you drag or resize them.

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Dreamweaver workspace elements

This section briefly describes some elements of the Dreamweaver workspace.

The Start page enables you to open a recent document or create a new document. From the

Start page you can also learn more about Dreamweaver by taking a product tour or a tutorial.

The Insert bar contains buttons for inserting various types of “objects,” such as images, tables,

and layers, into a document. Each object is a piece of HTML code that enables you to set various

attributes as you insert it. For example, you can insert a table by clicking the Table button in the Insert

bar. If you prefer, you can insert objects using the Insert menu instead of the Insert bar.

The Document toolbar contains buttons that provide options for different views of the

Document window (such as Design view and Code view), various viewing options, and some common

operations such as previewing in a browser.

The Standard toolbar (not displayed in the default workspace layout) contains buttons for

common operations from the File and Edit menus: New, Open, Save, Save All, Cut, Copy, Paste,

Undo, and Redo. To display the Standard toolbar, select View > Toolbars > Standard.

The Coding toolbar (displayed in Code view only) contains buttons that let you perform

many standard coding operations.

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The Style Rendering toolbar (hidden by default) contains buttons that let you see how

your design would look in different media types if you used media-dependent style sheets. It also

contains a button that lets you enable or disable CSS styles. The Document window displays the

current document as you create and edit it.

The Property inspector lets you view and change a variety of properties for the selected object

or text. Each kind of object has different properties. The Property inspector is not expanded by default

in the Coder workspace layout. The tag selector in the status bar at the bottom of the Document

window shows the hierarchy of tags surrounding the current selection. Click any tag in the hierarchy

to select that tag and all its contents. Panel groups are sets of related panels grouped together under

one heading. To expand a panel group, click the expander arrow at the left of the group’s name; to

undock a panel group, drag the gripper at the left edge of the group’s title bar. The Files panel

enables you to manage your files and folders, whether they are part of a Dreamweaver site or on a

remote server. The Files panel also enables you to access all the files on your local disk, much

like Windows Explorer (Windows) or the Finder (Macintosh).

Laying Out Pages with CSS

In Macromedia Dreamweaver 8, you can use CSS styles to lay out your page. You can either

insert div tags manually and apply CSS positioning styles to them, or you can use Dreamweaver layers

to create your layout. A layer in Dreamweaver is an HTML page element—specifically, a div tag, or any

other tag— that has an absolute position assigned to it. Dreamweaver also has a tracing image

feature, which you can use to re-create a page design that was created in a graphics application.

Client-side role of forms

Forms support the client side of the client-server relationship. When a visitor enters information

into a form displayed in a web browser (the client) and clicks the submit button, the information is sent

to the server where a server-side script or application processes it. Common server-side technologies

used for processing form data include Macromedia ColdFusion, Microsoft Active Server Pages

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(ASP), and PHP.

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phpMyAdmin

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Transformations

To enable transformations, you have to setup the column_info table and the proper directives. Please

see the Configuration section on how to do so. You can apply different transformations to the contents of

each field. The transformation will take the content of each field and transform it with certain rules

defined in the selected transformation. Say you have a field ‘filename’ which contains a filename. Normally

you would see in phpMyAdmin only this filename. Using transformations you can transform that filename

into a HTML link, so you can click inside of the phpMyAdmin structure on the field’s link and will see

the file displayed in a new browser window. Using transformation options you can also specify strings to

append/prepend to a string or the format you want the output stored in. For a general overview of all

available transformations and their options, you can consult your<www.your-host.com>/<your-install-

dir>/transformation_overview.php installation.For a tutorial on how to effectively use

transformations, see our Link section on the official phpMyAdmin homepage.

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Usage

Go to your tbl_structure.php page (i.e. reached through clicking on the ‘Structure’ link for a

table). There click on “Change” (or change icon) and there you will see three new fields at the end of the

line. They are called ‘MIME-type’, ‘Browser transformation’ and ‘Transformation options’.

· The field ‘MIME-type’ is a drop-down field. Select the MIME-type that corresponds to the

column’s contents. Please note that transformations are inactive as long as no MIME-type is

selected.

· The field ‘Browser transformation’ is a drop-down field. You can choose from a hopefully

growing amount of pre-defined transformations. See below for information on how to build

your own transformation.There are global transformations and mimetype-bound

transformations. Global transformations can be used for any mimetype. They will take the

mimetype, if necessary, into regard. Mimetype-bound transformations usually only operate on a

certain mimetype. There are transformations which operate on the main mimetype (like ‘image’),

which will most likely take the subtype into regard, and those who only operate on a specific

subtype (like ‘image/jpeg’).You can use transformations on mimetypes for which the function was

not defined for. There is no security check for you selected the right transformation, so take care

of what the output will be like.

· The field ‘Transformation options’is a free-type textfield. You have to enter transform-function

specific options here. Usually the transforms can operate with default options, but it is generally a

good idea to look up the overview to see which options are necessary.Much like the ENUM/SET-

Fields, you have to split up several options using the format ‘a’,’b’,’c’,...(NOTE THE MISSING

BLANKS). This is because internally the options will be parsed as an array, leaving the first value

the first element in the array, and so forth.If you want to specify a MIME character set you can

define it in the transformation_options.

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. You have to put that outside of the pre-defined options of the specific mime-transform, as the last

value of the set. Use the format “‘; charset=XXX’”. If you use a transform, for which you can

specify 2 options and you want to append a character set, enter “‘first

parameter’,’second parameter’,’charset=us-ascii’”. You can, however use the defaults for the

parameters: “‘’,’’,’charset=us- ascii’”.

File structure

All mimetypes and their transformations are defined through single files in the

directory ‘libraries/ transformations/’.They are stored in files to ease up customization and

easy adding of new transformations.

Because the user cannot enter own mimetypes, it is kept sure that transformations

always work. It makes no sense to apply a transformation to a mimetype, the transform-

function doesn’t know to handle.

One can, however, use empty mime-types and global transformations which should work for

many mimetypes. You can also use transforms on a different mimetype they where built for, but pay

attention to option usage as well as what the transformation does to your field.There is a basic file called

‘global.inc.php’. This function can be included by any other transform function and provides some basic

functions.

There are 5 possible file names:

1.A mimetype+subtype transform:[mimetype]_[subtype] [transform].inc.php.Please note

that mimetype and subtype are separated via ‘_’, which shall not be contained in their names.The

transform function filename may contain only characters which cause no problems in the file system

as well as the PHP function naming convention.Thetransform function will the be called

PMA_transform_[mimetype]_[subtype] [transform]()’.

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APPENDIX - II
My_SQL Functions

mysql_field_len — Returns the length of the specified field

mysql_field_name — Get the name of the specified field in a

result mysql_field_seek — Set result pointer to a specified field

offset mysql_field_table — Get name of the table the specified

field is in mysql_field_type — Get the type of the specified

field in a result mysql_free_result — Free result memory

mysql_get_client_info — Get MySQL client info

mysql_get_host_info — Get MySQL host info

mysql_get_proto_info — Get MySQL protocol info

mysql_get_server_info — Get MySQL server info

mysql_info — Get information about the most recent query

mysql_insert_id — Get the ID generated from the previous INSERT

operation mysql_list_dbs — List databases available on a MySQL server

mysql_list_fields — List MySQL table fields

mysql_list_processes — List MySQL processes

mysql_list_tables — List tables in a MySQL database

mysql_num_fields — Get number of fields in result

wsmysql_num_rows — Get number of rows in result

mysql_pconnect — Open a persistent connection to a MySQL server

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mysql_fetch_row — Get a result row as an enumerated array

mysql_field_flags — Get the flags associated with the specified field in a

result mysql_field_len — Returns the length of the specified field

mysql_field_name — Get the name of the specified field in a

result mysql_field_seek — Set result pointer to a specified field

offset mysql_field_table — Get name of the table the specified

field is in mysql_field_type — Get the type of the specified

field in a result mysql_free_result — Free result memory

mysql_get_client_info — Get MySQL client info

mysql_get_host_info — Get MySQL host info

mysql_get_proto_info — Get MySQL protocol info

mysql_get_server_info — Get MySQL server info

mysql_info — Get information about the most recent query

mysql_insert_id — Get the ID generated from the previous INSERT

operation mysql_list_dbs — List databases available on a MySQL server

mysql_list_fields — List MySQL table fields

mysql_list_processes — List MySQL processes

mysql_list_tables — List tables in a MySQL database

mysql_num_fields — Get number of fields in result

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APPENDIX - III
SCREEN SHOTS
Administrator Account

Registration Database

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User Database

Student List

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