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IoT 2m

The document outlines key enabling technologies for the Internet of Things (IoT), including Wireless Sensor Networks, Cloud Computing, Big Data Analytics, Communications Protocols, and Embedded Systems. It details the characteristics of IoT, various architectural objectives, types of sensors, and differentiates IoT from Machine to Machine (M2M) communication. Additionally, it highlights applications of integrated IoT sensors across sectors such as agriculture, healthcare, and smart cities.

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24 views4 pages

IoT 2m

The document outlines key enabling technologies for the Internet of Things (IoT), including Wireless Sensor Networks, Cloud Computing, Big Data Analytics, Communications Protocols, and Embedded Systems. It details the characteristics of IoT, various architectural objectives, types of sensors, and differentiates IoT from Machine to Machine (M2M) communication. Additionally, it highlights applications of integrated IoT sensors across sectors such as agriculture, healthcare, and smart cities.

Uploaded by

praisikamahendran13568
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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IoT(internet of things) enabling technologies are

1. Wireless Sensor Network


2. Cloud Computing
3. Big Data Analytics
4. Communications Protocols
5. Embedded System
1. Wireless Sensor Network(WSN) :
A WSN comprises distributed devices with sensors which are used to monitor the
environmental and physical conditions. A wireless sensor network consists of
end nodes, routers and coordinators. End nodes have several sensors attached to
them where the data is passed to a coordinator with the help of routers. The
coordinator also acts as the gateway that connects WSN to the internet.
Example –
 Weather monitoring system
 Indoor air quality monitoring system
 Soil moisture monitoring system
 Surveillance system
 Health monitoring system
2. Cloud Computing :
It provides us the means by which we can access applications as utilities over the
internet. Cloud means something which is present in remote locations.
With Cloud computing, users can access any resources from anywhere like
databases, webservers, storage, any device, and any software over the internet.
Characteristics –
1. Broad network access
2. On demand self-services
3. Rapid scalability
4. Measured service
5. Pay-per-use
Provides different services, such as –
 IaaS (Infrastructure as a service)
Infrastructure as a service provides online services such as physical machines,
virtual machines, servers, networking, storage and data center space on a pay
per use basis. Major IaaS providers are Google Compute Engine, Amazon Web
Services and Microsoft Azure etc.
Ex : Web Hosting, Virtual Machine etc.
 PaaS (Platform as a service)
Provides a cloud-based environment with a very thing required to support the
complete life cycle of building and delivering West web based (cloud)
applications – without the cost and complexity of buying and managing
underlying hardware, software provisioning and hosting. Computing platforms
such as hardware, operating systems and libraries etc. Basically, it provides a
platform to develop applications.
Ex : App Cloud, Google app engine
 SaaS (Software as a service)
It is a way of delivering applications over the internet as a service. Instead of
installing and maintaining software, you simply access it via the internet, freeing
yourself from complex software and hardware management.
SaaS Applications are sometimes called web-based software on demand
software or hosted software.
SaaS applications run on a SaaS provider’s service and they manage security
availability and performance.
Ex : Google Docs, Gmail, office etc.
3. Big Data Analytics :
It refers to the method of studying massive volumes of data or big data. Collection
of data whose volume, velocity or variety is simply too massive and tough to store,
control, process and examine the data using traditional databases.
Big data is gathered from a variety of sources including social network videos,
digital images, sensors and sales transaction records.
Several steps involved in analyzing big data –
1. Data cleaning
2. Munging
3. Processing
4. Visualization
Examples –
 Bank transactions
 Data generated by IoT systems for location and tracking of vehicles
 E-commerce and in Big-Basket
 Health and fitness data generated by IoT system such as a fitness bands
4. Communications Protocols :
They are the backbone of IoT systems and enable network connectivity and linking
to applications. Communication protocols allow devices to exchange data over the
network. Multiple protocols often describe different aspects of a single
communication. A group of protocols designed to work together is known as a
protocol suite; when implemented in software they are a protocol stack.
They are used in
1. Data encoding
2. Addressing schemes
5. Embedded Systems :
It is a combination of hardware and software used to perform special tasks.
It includes microcontroller and microprocessor memory, networking units (Ethernet
Wi-Fi adapters), input output units (display keyword etc. ) and storage devices
(flash memory).
It collects the data and sends it to the internet.
Embedded systems used in
Examples –
1. Digital camera
2. DVD player, music player
3. Industrial robots
4. Wireless Routers etc.

Part A

1. Summarize the characteristics of IoT.

 Dynamic and Self Adapting

 Self Configuring

 Interoperable Communication Protocol


 Unique Idntity

 Integrated into Information Network

3. State the various IoT architectural objectives.

The architectural objectives of IoT (Internet of Things) are designed to ensure the effectiveness,

scalability, security and interoperability of interconnected devices and systems.

4. Classify the different types of Sensors.

 Environmental Sensors

 Motion and Position Sensors

 Proximity Sensors

 Biometric Sensors

 Image Vision Sensors

 Sound and Audio Sensors

 Chemical and Biological Sensors

 Motion Detection sensors

5. Illustrate the high-level ZigBee Protocol stack.

The ZigBee protocol stack is a standardized protocol suite designed for low-power, short-range

wireless communication in IoT and industrial applications. The ZigBee stack is organized into layers

such as Physical Layer, MAC Layer, Network Layer and Application Layer, each responsible for

specific functions.

1. Characteristics of IoT

 Connectivity: Devices are connected to the internet and communicate with each
other.
 Automation and Control: Allows remote control and automation of processes and
devices.
 Data Collection: Collects data from sensors and devices for analysis and decision-
making.
 Interoperability: Devices from different manufacturers can work together using
standardized protocols.
 Scalability: The ability to add more devices to the system as needed.
 Real-Time Processing: Ability to process data in real-time for immediate action.

2. Differentiate IoT and M2M


Feature IoT (Internet of Things) M2M (Machine to Machine)
Broader, involving interaction with Narrower, limited to communication
Scope
humans and devices. between machines.
Utilizes internet protocols and Uses dedicated communication
Connectivity
networks (Wi-Fi, 4G, etc.). protocols (e.g., GSM, Zigbee).
Data Includes cloud computing and big Typically limited to localized data
Processing data analytics. processing.
Encompasses smart homes, Focuses on industrial and machine-
Application
healthcare, transportation, etc. related applications.

3. Purposes of IETF Working Groups

 Develop and maintain standards for the internet and network protocols.
 Facilitate collaboration between various organizations and stakeholders.
 Enhance interoperability across different technologies and devices.
 Address emerging challenges and evolve the internet architecture.

4. Applications of Integrated IoT Sensors

 Smart Agriculture: Monitoring soil moisture, temperature, and crop health.


 Healthcare: Patient monitoring, wearable health devices.
 Smart Cities: Traffic monitoring, waste management, environmental monitoring.
 Industrial IoT: Machine condition monitoring, asset tracking.
 Environmental Monitoring: Pollution detection, weather monitoring.

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