Module Code & Module Title

Level 5 – Network Operating System

Assessment Type
Logbook 5
Semester
2023/24 Spring/Autumn

Student Name: Rajani Shrestha

London Met ID: 23048882
College ID: NP04CP4A230041
Assignment Due Date: 7 December, 2024
Assignment Submission Date: 7 December, 2024
Submitted To: Mr. Prasant Adhikari
Word Count (Where Required): 1741

I confirm that I understand my coursework needs to be submitted online via Google Classroom under the
relevant module page before the deadline in order for my assignment to be accepted and marked. I am
fully aware that late submissions will be treated as non-submission and a mark of zero will be awarded.
Table of Contents
1. Introduction: ................................................................................................................ 4
Network Address Translation (NAT): ........................................................................... 4
Key Functions of NAT: ................................................................................................. 4
Types of NAT: .............................................................................................................. 4
1. Static NAT ....................................................................................................... 4
2. Dynamic NAT .................................................................................................. 4
3. Port Address Translation (PAT): ..................................................................... 4
Advantages: ................................................................................................................. 4
Challenges ................................................................................................................... 4
Bridged Network: ......................................................................................................... 5
2. Objective: .................................................................................................................... 5
3. Steps of Replicate: ...................................................................................................... 6
4. Conclusion: ............................................................................................................... 22
References .................................................................................................................... 23

Rajani Shrestha
Table of figures
Figure 1: Open Virtual Box .............................................................................................. 6
Figure 2: Select Bridged Adapter .................................................................................... 7
Figure 3: Place the website files in Local Disk C drive .................................................... 8
Figure 4: Open run and type “inetmgr” ............................................................................ 8
Figure 5: Go to the server name and right click on Sites ................................................. 9
Figure 6: Set site name, physical path and IP address ................................................. 10
Figure 7: Browse site by clicking on “Browse” followed by IP address on the right side 11
Figure 8: Website is live in browser ............................................................................... 12
Figure 9: Download the extension pack ........................................................................ 13
Figure 10: click on "Install" ............................................................................................ 14
Figure 11: Navigate to the extension pack .................................................................... 15
Figure 12: Installing extension pack .............................................................................. 16
Figure 13: Oracle VirtualBox Extension Pack is installed .............................................. 16
Figure 14: Select the Server 2022 Virtual Environment and click on Settings. .............. 17
Figure 15: Click on Display and click on Remote Display and click on Enable Server and
click Ok.......................................................................................................................... 18
Figure 16: Checking the IP address of Guest OS ......................................................... 19
Figure 17: Insert IP of guest OS in Remote Desktop Connection of Host OS ............... 19
Figure 18: Click on Yes ................................................................................................. 20
Figure 19: Accessing Guest OS from Host OS using Remote Desktop. ....................... 21

Rajani Shrestha
1. Introduction:
This log provides detailed instructions on how to to host static websites in guest OS which
is windows server 2022 and access it from host OS as well as from other computer
devices within the same LAN and to enable remote desktop features in windows server
2022 and access it from host OS.
Network Address Translation (NAT):
Network Address Translation (NAT) is a process that enables one, unique IP address to
represent an entire group of computers. In network address translation, a network device,
often a router or NAT firewall, assigns a computer or computers inside a private network
a public address. It allows the single device to act as an intermediary or agent between
the local, private network and the public network that is the internet (VMware, n.d.).
Key Functions of NAT:
1. IP Address Mapping: NAT maps private IP addresses of devices in a local
network to a public IP address used for external communication. This mapping is
typically stored in a translation table.
2. Port Mapping: To differentiate between devices sharing the same public IP
address, NAT uses port numbers to uniquely identify communication flows.
3. Security Benefits: By hiding internal IP addresses, NAT adds a layer of security
by making devices on the local network less accessible to external threats.
Types of NAT:
1. Static NAT: Maps one private IP address to one public IP address permanently. It
is often used for services requiring consistent public addresses.
2. Dynamic NAT: Maps private IP addresses to a pool of public IP addresses
dynamically as needed.
3. Port Address Translation (PAT): Also known as NAT Overloading, this allows
multiple devices to share a single public IP address by mapping traffic to different
ports.
Advantages:
 Reduces the need for a large number of public IP addresses.

 Provides a level of privacy and security by obscuring internal network structures.

Challenges:
 Complicates end-to-end connectivity, making protocols like IPsec and VoIP harder
to implement.
 Requires additional processing, which may impact performance (James F. Kurose,
n.d.).

Rajani Shrestha
Bridged Network:
A bridged network is a configuration in computer networking where two or more network
segments are connected at the data link layer (Layer 2 of the OSI model) using a network
bridge. It allows devices in different segments to communicate as if they were on the
same physical network. A bridged network is commonly used in scenarios such as
virtualized environments, wireless networking, and local area networks (LANs) (VMware
Docs, 2019).
Bridged networks are typically used in local area networks (LANs) to extend connectivity,
connect different network types, or partition traffic for better performance. Key
functionalities of a bridged network include maintaining a single broadcast domain and
filtering traffic to prevent it from propagating unnecessarily across segments. To avoid
loops in bridged networks, protocols like the Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) are often used
to create a loop-free logical topology.
Bridges are especially useful for smaller, isolated networks or when scalability is a priority.
Their simplicity and cost-effectiveness make them ideal for home, office, and educational
networks. For larger and more complex systems, switches, which are effectively multi-
port bridges, offer more advanced functionality and greater scalability (Andrew S.
Tanenbaum, 2011).

2. Objective:
The main objective of this workshop is to host static websites in guest OS which is
windows server 2022 and access it from host OS as well as from other computer devices
within the same LAN.
Another objective of this workshop is to enable remote desktop features in windows
server 2022 and access it from host OS.

Rajani Shrestha
3. Steps of Replicate:
Step 1: Open Virtual Box and select the virtual environment. After selecting the virtual
environment, select the “Settings” button.

Figure 1: Open Virtual Box

Rajani Shrestha
Step 2: Now click on Network and under network select Bridged Adapter in Attached
to option on right side then click on Ok button and run Windows Server 2022.

Figure 2: Select Bridged Adapter

Rajani Shrestha
Step 3: Place the website files in Local Disk C drive in Windows Server 2022.

Figure 3: Place the website files in Local Disk C drive

Step 4: Open run and type “inetmgr”. It will open our Internet Information Service from
where we can setup hosting.

Figure 4: Open run and type “inetmgr”

Rajani Shrestha
Step 5: Expand the server name and right click on “Sites” and click on the “Add
Website”.

Figure 5: Go to the server name and right click on Sites

Rajani Shrestha
Step 6: Now we need to add details of our website as follows:
 Under Site name give a name
 Under Physical path give path to the folder where the website files are located
 Under IP address select the given IP address from the drop down option.

Figure 6: Set site name, physical path and IP address

Rajani Shrestha
Step 7: Now we can see our site name on the list. Now browse site by clicking on
“Browse” followed by IP address on the right side. This will open the website in browser.

Figure 7: Browse site by clicking on “Browse” followed by IP address on the right side

Rajani Shrestha
We can see our website is live now.

Figure 8: Website is live in browser

Step 8: Type the IP address of Guest OS in the browser of Host OS and see if the
website is accessible from Host OS or not.
Step 9: Also open the website from your smartphone by typing IP address of Guest OS
and see if it is accessible from your phone or not.

Rajani Shrestha
Now connecting our windows server from Host OS also using remote connection.
Considering the VM’s above setting now we are heading towards remote
connection to Guest OS from Host OS.
Requirements: We need to download the Extension pack for virtual box. First confirm
the version of Virtual box that you have and download the extension pack from the
following link: https://download.virtualbox.org/virtualbox/
Select the right version of the virtual box that you have.

Figure 9: Download the extension pack

Rajani Shrestha
After downloading the extension pack. Follow the following steps:
Step 1: Close all the VMs running including Virtual Box. And open virtualbox with “Run
as Administrator”.
Step 2: Click on “Tools” and click on extension pack manager. After that click on
"Install".

Figure 10: click on "Install"

Rajani Shrestha
Step 3: It will open a dialog box. Navigate to the extension pack file that we have
downloaded earlier and select that.

Figure 11: Navigate to the extension pack

Rajani Shrestha
After selecting that click on Install .

Figure 12: Installing extension pack

Oracle VirtualBox Extension Pack is installed successfully.

Figure 13: Oracle VirtualBox Extension Pack is installed

Rajani Shrestha
Step 4: Now close the tab and select the Server 2022 Virtual Environment and click on
Settings.

Figure 14: Select the Server 2022 Virtual Environment and click on Settings.

Rajani Shrestha
Step 5: Click on Display and click on Remote Display and click on Enable Server and
click Ok.

Figure 15: Click on Display and click on Remote Display and click on Enable Server and click Ok.

Rajani Shrestha
Step 6: Now start the Windows Server 2022 and see the IP address of Guest OS.

Figure 16: Checking the IP address of Guest OS

Step 7: Open Remote Desktop Connection from Host OS and insert IP of Guest OS and
click on Connect.

Figure 17: Insert IP of guest OS in Remote Desktop Connection of Host OS

Rajani Shrestha
 Figure 18: Click on Yes

Rajani Shrestha
Step 8: Finally, we are able to access our Guest OS from Host OS using Remote
Desktop.

Figure 19: Accessing Guest OS from Host OS using Remote Desktop.

Rajani Shrestha
4. Conclusion:
In this workshop, I gained a hands-on experience in hosting static websites on a guest
OS, Windows Server 2022 and accessing them from the host OS as well as other devices
within the same LAN. Additionally, I learned how to enable and configure the remote
desktop feature in Windows Server 2022, allowing seamless access from the host OS.
This workshop provided me with practical knowledge and skills in network configuration
and server management, which are highly valuable for real-world applications.

Rajani Shrestha
References
Andrew S. Tanenbaum, D. J. W., 2011. Data link layer switching. In: T. Dunkelberger,
ed. Computer Networks . s.l.:Pearson Education, pp. 333-342.
James F. Kurose, K. W. R., n.d. Network Address Translation. In: Computer Networking
A Top-Down Approach. s.l.:Pearson, pp. 244-53.
VMware Docs, 2019. VMware Docs. [Online]
Available at: https://docs.vmware.com/en/VMware-Workstation-
Pro/17/com.vmware.ws.using.doc/GUID-BAFA66C3-81F0-4FCA-84C4-
D9F7D258A60A.html
[Accessed 7 December 2024].
VMware, n.d. VMware. [Online]
Available at: https://www.vmware.com/topics/network-address-translation
[Accessed 6 December 2024].

Rajani Shrestha