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3 views

Practice Problem 2

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Mayank Choudhary
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© © All Rights Reserved
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MM 451 Real Analysis-II


Practice Problem Set - 2

Instructor: Dharmendra Kumar UOH, Hyderabad

1. Let f : R2 → R be continuous. Show that f is not one-one.

2. Let f : Rn → Rm be continuous at x0 ∈ Rn and let f (x0 ) 6= 0. Show that there exists δ > 0
such that f (x) 6= 0 for all x ∈ Bδ (x0 ).

3. Let f : R2 → R be continuous such that lim f (x) = 1. Show that f is bounded on R2 .


kxk2 →∞

4. Let A(6= ∅) ⊂ Rn be such that every continuous function f : A → R is bounded. Show that A
is a closed and bounded subset of Rn .

5. Let x0 ∈ Rn and r > 0. If L : Rn → Rn is a linear function such that L(x) = 0 for all x ∈ Rn
satisfying kx − x0 k2 < r, then show that L(x) = 0 for all x ∈ Rn .

6. Let x0 ∈ Rn and r > 0. If L : Rn → Rm is a linear function such that L(x) = 0 for all x ∈ Rn
satisfying kx − x0 k2 = r, then show that L(x) = 0 for all x ∈ Rn .

7. Let f : Rn → Rm be differentiable at 0 and let f (αx) = αf (x) for all x ∈ Rn and for all α ∈ R.
Show that f is a linear function.

8. Let f : Rn → Rm be differentiable at 0 and f (0) = 0. Show that there exist α > 0 and r > 0
such that kf (x)k2 ≤ αkxk2 for all x ∈ Rn with kxk2 < r.

9. Let f (x, y) = (x + y 2 , xy) for all (x, y) ∈ R2 . Using directly the definition of differentiability,
show that f : R2 → R2 is differentiable and also find f 0 (x0 , y0 ), where (x0 , y0 ) ∈ R2 .

10. Examine the differentiability of f at 0, where


(a) f : Rn → Rn is defined by f (x) = kxk2 x for all x ∈ Rn .
(b) f : Rn → R satisfies |f (x)| ≤ kxk22 for all x ∈ Rn .
(c) f : Rn → R is defined by f (x) = kxk p 2 for all x ∈ R .
n

(d) f : R2 → R is defined by f (x, y) = |xy| for all (x, y) ∈ R2 .


(e) f : R2 → R is defined by f (x, y) = ||x| − 2
 |y||x3− |x| − |y| for all (x, y) ∈ R .
if (x, y) 6= (0, 0),
(f) Let f : R2 → R is defined by f (x, y) = x2 +y 2
0 if (x, y) = (0, 0).
11. Let α ∈ R and α > 0. If f (x, y) = |xy|α for all (x, y) ∈ R2 , then determine all values of α for
which f : R2 → R is differentiable at (0, 0).

12. State TRUE or FALSE with justification: There exists a function f : R2 → R2 which is
differentiable only at (1, 0).

13. Let f (x, y) = (x2 + y 3 , x3 + y 2 , 2x2 y 2 ) for all (x, y) ∈ R2 . Examine whether f : R2 → R3 is
differentiable at (1, 2) and find f 0 (1, 2) if f is differentiable at (1, 2).
14. Let Ω be a nonempty open subset of R2 and let f : Ω → R be such that the partial derivatives
fx and fy exist at each point of Ω. If fx : Ω → R and fy : Ω → R are bounded, then show that
f is continuous.

15. Let f : R2 → R be such that fx exists (in R) at all points of Bδ ((x0 , y0 )) for some (x0 , y0 ) ∈ R2
and δ > 0, fx is continuous at (x0 , y0 ) and fy (x0 , y0 ) exists (in R). Show that f is differentiable
at (x0 , y0 ).

16. Find all v ∈ Rp 2


for which the directional derivative fv0 (0, 0) exists, where for all (x, y) ∈ R2 ,
(a) f (x, y) = |x2 − y 2 |.
(b) f (x, y) = ||x|
 − |y|| − |x| − |y|.
xy
x2 +y 2
if (x, y) 6= (0, 0),
(c) f (x, y) =
0 if (x, y) = (0, 0).
17. The directional derivatives of a differentiable function f : R2 → R at (0, 0) in the directions of
(1, 2) and (2, 1) are 1 and 2 respectively. Find fx (0, 0) and fy (0, 0).
(  
2 2
(x + y ) sin √ 1
if (x, y) 6= (0, 0),
18. Let f : R2 → R be defined by f (x, y) = x2 +y 2
0 if (x, y) = (0, 0).
Show that f is differentiable at (0, 0) although neither fx nor fy is continuous at (0, 0).

19. Let f (x, y, z) = (x3 y + y 2 z, xyz) and g(x, y) = (x2 y, xy, x − 2y, x2 + 3y) for all x, y, z ∈ R. Use
chain rule to find (g ◦ f )0 (a), where a = (1, 2, −3).

20. Let f : R2 → R2 and g : R2 → R2 be differentiable functions such that g(1, 1) = (2, 1),
g 0 (1, 1)(x, y) = (x + y, y) and (f ◦ g)0 (1, 1)(x, y) = (3x + 5y, 2x − y) for all (x, y) ∈ R2 . If
(x, y) ∈ R2 , then find f 0 (2, 1)(x, y).

21. Let f : R2 → R be differentiable such that f (1, 1) = 1, fx (1, 1) = 2 and fy (1, 1) = 5. If


g(x) = f (x, f (x, x)) for all x ∈ R, determine g 0 (1).

22. Let f : R2 → R be continuously differentiable such that fx (a, b) = fy (a, b) for all (a, b) ∈ R2
and f (a, 0) > 0 for all a ∈ R. Show that f (a, b) > 0 for all (a, b) ∈ R2 .

23. Let S be a nonempty open set in R and let F : S → Rm be a differentiable function such that
k F (t) k is constant for all t ∈ S. Show that F (t) · F 0 (t) = 0 for all t ∈ S.

24. Let α > 0 and let f : R2 → R2 satisfy kf (x) − f (y)k2 ≤ αkx − yk22 for all x, y ∈ R2 . Show
that f is a constant function.

25. Let f : Rn → Rn be differentiable such that hf 0 (x)(y), yi ≥ kyk22 for all x, y ∈ Rn . Show that
kf (x) − f (y)k2 ≥ kx − yk2 for all x, y ∈ Rn .

26. Prove that a differentiable function f : Rn \ {0} → Rm is homogeneous of degree α ∈ R (i.e.


f (tx) = tα f (x) for all x ∈ Rn \ {0} and for all t > 0) iff f 0 (x)(x) = αf (x) for all x ∈ Rn \ {0}.
(  
1
(x2 + y 2 ) cos x2 +y 2 if (x, y) ∈ R2 \ {(0, 0)},
27. Let f (x, y) =
0 if (x, y) = (0, 0).
2
Examine whether f : R → R is continuously differentiable.

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