I. IF ELSE LOOPING STATEMENTS 3. Check if an element is in the vector.

fruits <- c("apple", "banana", "mango", "orange")

Different looping statements utilizing IF ELSE
statement. fruit_to_check <- "mango"
❖ IF STATEMENT (3 EXAMPLES) if (fruit_to_check %in% fruits) {
1. Check if the number is positive. print("The fruit is available.")
num <- 10
} else {
if (num > 0) {
print("The fruit is not available.")
print("The number is positive.")
}
}
❖ NESTED IF ELSE STATEMENT (3 EXAMPLES)
2. Check for a high score.
score <- 95 1. Check for PASS or FAIL.
score <- 85
if (score >= 90) {
if (score >= 50) {
print("Congratulations! You got an A.")
if (score >= 90) {
}
print("You passed with High Distinction!")
3. Check if values is in a vector.
numbers <- c(1, 3, 5, 7, 9) } else {

if (5 %in% numbers) { print("You passed.")

print("Number 5 is in the list!") }

} } else {
print("You failed.")
❖ IF ELSE STATEMENT (3 EXAMPLES)
}
1. Categorizing age groups.
age <- 25 2. Check for voting age.
age <- 20
if (age < 13) {
if (age < 13) {
category <- "Child"
print("You are a Child.")
} else if (age >= 13 & age <= 19) {
} else if (age >= 13 & age <= 19) {
category <- "Teenager"
print("You are a Teenager.")
} else if (age >= 20 & age <= 59) {
} else {
category <- "Adult"
if (age >= 18) {
} else {
print("You are an Adult and eligible to vote.")
category <- "Senior"
} else {
}
print("You are not eligible to vote yet.")
print(paste("Age group:", category))
}
2. Checking if number is PRIME.
num <- 11 }

if (num > 1 && all(num %% 2:(num - 1) != 0)) { 3. Check for a discount.

purchase_amount <- 1200
print("The number is prime.")
if (purchase_amount >= 1000) {
} else {
if (purchase_amount >= 5000) {
print("The number is not prime.")
print("You get a 20% discount!")
}
 } else { bmi <- weight / (height^2) #calculations
print("You get a 10% discount!") if (bmi < 18.5) {
} print("You are Underweight.")
} else if (purchase_amount >= 500) { } else if (bmi >= 18.5 & bmi < 24.9) {
print("You get a 5% discount!") print("You have a Normal weight.")
} else {
} else if (bmi >= 25 & bmi < 29.9) {
print("No discount available.")
print("You are Overweight.")
}
} else {
❖ IF ELSE IF ELSE STATEMENT (3 EXAMPLES)
print("You are Obese.")
1. Classifying student grades.
score <- 75 }

if (score >= 90) { ❖ IFELSE() STATEMENT (3 EXAMPLES)

print("Grade: A") 1. Checking for even && odd.

} else if (score >= 80) { cat("Please enter a number: ")

print("Grade: B") num <- scan(what = integer(), nmax = 1)

} else if (score >= 70) { result <- ifelse(num %% 2 == 0, "Even", "Odd")

print("Grade: C") print(result)

} else if (score >= 60) { 2. Checking Positive, Negative, or Zero Number.

print("Grade: D") cat("Please enter a number: ")

} else { num <- scan(what = integer(), nmax = 1)

print("Grade: F") result <- ifelse(num > 0, "Positive",

ifelse(num < 0, "Negative", "Zero"))
}
print(result)
2. Checking for a discount.
purchase_amount <- 200 3. Categorize age group.
cat("Please enter your age: ")
if (purchase_amount >= 1000) {
age <- scan(what = numeric(), nmax = 1)
print("You receive a 20% discount.")
age_group <- ifelse(age < 13, "Child",
} else if (purchase_amount >= 500) {
ifelse(age >= 13 & age <= 19, "Teenager",

print("You receive a 10% discount.") ifelse(age >= 20 & age <= 59, "Adult",

} else if (purchase_amount >= 100) { "Senior")))

print("You receive a 5% discount.") cat("You belong to the", age_group, "age group.")

} else {
print("No discount available.")
}

3. BMI calculation.
weight <- 70
height <- 1.75
II. SWITCH() STATEMENTS )

cat("Meal suggestion:", meal_suggestion)

1. Day of the week.
cat("Enter a number between 1 and 7 to get III. WHILE LOOP STATEMENTS
the corresponding day of the week: ")
1. Guessing number.
day_number <- scan(what = integer(), nmax = 1)
set.seed(123)
day_of_week <- switch(day_number, target_number <- sample(1:100, 1)
"1" = "Monday", guess <- -1
"2" = "Tuesday", cat("Guess the number between 1 and 100:\n")

"3" = "Wednesday", while (guess != target_number) {

"4" = "Thursday", guess <- scan(what = numeric(), nmax = 1)

"5" = "Friday", if (guess < target_number) {

"6" = "Saturday", cat("Too low! Try again:\n")

"7" = "Sunday", } else if (guess > target_number) {

cat("Too high! Try again:\n")

"Invalid number. Please enter a number
between 1 and 7." } else {

) cat("Correct! The number was",

target_number, "\n")
cat("The day of the week is:", day_of_week)
}
2. Roman numerals to integer.
cat("Enter a Roman numeral (I, II, III, IV, V): ") }

roman_numeral <- scan(what = character(), nmax = 1) 2. Countdown to 1.

cat("Enter a number to start the countdown: ")
integer_value <- switch(roman_numeral,
n <- scan(what = numeric(), nmax = 1)
"I" = 1,
while (n > 0) {
"II" = 2,
cat(n, "\n")
"III" = 3,

"IV" = 4, n <- n - 1

"V" = 5, }

"Invalid Roman numeral. Please enter I, II, cat("Blast off!\n")

III, IV, or V."
3. Find the factorial.
) cat("Enter a number to calculate its factorial: ")

cat("The integer value is:", integer_value) num <- scan(what = numeric(), nmax = 1)
3. Time of the day. factorial <- 1
cat("Enter the time of day (0 to 23): ")
count <- 1
time_of_day <- scan(what = numeric(), nmax = 1)

meal_suggestion <- switch(TRUE, while (count <= n) {

time_of_day >= 5 && time_of_day < 10 = factorial <- factorial * count

"Breakfast",
count <- count + 1
time_of_day >= 11 && time_of_day < 15 = "Lunch",

time_of_day >= 16 && time_of_day < 21 = "Dinner",

}
cat("The factorial of", num, "is:", factorial, "\n")
(time_of_day >= 22 || time_of_day < 5) = "Snack",

"Invalid input. Please enter a valid time between 0

and 23."
III. FOR LOOP STATEMENTS for (j in 1:n) {

❖ FOR LOOP matrix_input[i, j] <- scan(what =

numeric(), nmax = 1)
1. Sum of even numbers from 1.
}
cat("Enter a number: ")
}
num <- scan(what = numeric(), nmax = 1)
cat("The matrix you entered is:\n", matrix_input)
sum_even <- 0
2. Sum of elements in 2D Matrix
for (i in 1:num) { matrix_4x4 <- matrix(1:16, nrow = 4, ncol = 4)

if (i %% 2 == 0) { cat("Original Matrix:\n")

sum_even <- sum_even + i print(matrix_4x4)

} sum_elements <- 0

} for (i in 1:4) {

cat("The sum of all even numbers from 1 for (j in 1:4) {

to", n, "is:", sum_even, "\n")
sum_elements <- sum_elements +
2. Multiplication table for the input. matrix_4x4[i, j]

cat("Enter a number to display its multiplication table: ") }

n <- scan(what = numeric(), nmax = 1) }
cat("Multiplication table for", n, "is:\n") cat("The sum of all elements in the matrix
is:", sum_elements, "\n")
for (i in 1:10) {
3. Common elements between 2 vectors.
cat(n, "x", i, "=", n * i, "\n")
cat("Enter the first vector (separate by spaces): ")
}
vector1 <- scan(what = numeric(), nmax = 1)
3. Reverse a string.
cat("Enter the second vector (separate by spaces): ")
cat("Enter a string to reverse: ")
input_string <- scan(what = character(), nmax = 1) vector2 <- scan(what = numeric(), nmax = 1)

reversed_string <- "" common_elements <- c()

for (i in nchar(input_string):1) { for (i in 1:length(vector1)) {

reversed_string <- for (j in 1:length(vector2)) {

paste0(reversed_string,
if (vector1[i] == vector2[j]) {
substr(input_string, i, i))
common_elements <- c(common_elements, vector1[i])
}
}
cat("The reversed string is:", reversed_string, "\n")
}
❖ NESTED FOR LOOP
}
1. Create a 2D array from input.
cat("Enter the number of rows (m: ") cat("Common elements between the two vectors are:\n")

m <- scan(what = numeric(), nmax = 1) print(common_elements)

cat("Enter the number of columns (n): ")

n <- scan(what = numeric(), nmax = 1)
matrix_input <- matrix(0, nrow = m, ncol = n)

cat("Enter the values for the matrix:\n")

for (i in 1:m) {