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Chapter 4

Chapter 4 discusses the collection, organization, and display of data, distinguishing between categorical and numerical data, as well as primary and secondary sources. It outlines various methods for organizing data, including tally tables, frequency tables, and stem-and-leaf diagrams, and describes different types of charts such as bar charts, pie charts, and line graphs for visual representation. The chapter emphasizes the importance of these methods in making data easier to read and analyze.

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14 views2 pages

Chapter 4

Chapter 4 discusses the collection, organization, and display of data, distinguishing between categorical and numerical data, as well as primary and secondary sources. It outlines various methods for organizing data, including tally tables, frequency tables, and stem-and-leaf diagrams, and describes different types of charts such as bar charts, pie charts, and line graphs for visual representation. The chapter emphasizes the importance of these methods in making data easier to read and analyze.

Uploaded by

Pupipito Phone
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Chapter 4 : Collecting, organising and displaying data

1. Data is a set of facts, numbers or other information. Statistics involves a process of


collecting data and using it to try and answer a question.
2. Different types of data:
a. Categorical data (qualitative data) is non-numerical data. It describes
something without reference to number or size. Example : colours, names of
people and places, yes and no answers
b. Numerical data (quantitative data) is data in number form. It can be an amount,
a measurement, a time or a score.
 discrete data –can only take certain values, example, the number of
children in a class, goals scored in a match or red cars passing a point.
 continuous data – could take any value between two given values, for
example, heights, masses, distances and temperatures. Continuous data is
normally collected by measuring.
3. Data from primary sources is known as primary data
4. Data from secondary sources is known as secondary data
5. When you collect a large amount of data you need to organise it in some way so that it
becomes easy to read and use. Tables (tally tables, frequency tables and two-way
tables) are the most commonly used methods of organising data. Other ways to
collect data is by using stem and leaf diagrams
6. A tally table is used to keep a record when you are counting things using little marks
(////) and each time you count five items you draw a line across the previous four
tallies to make a group of five (////)
7. A frequency table shows the totals of the tally marks. Some frequency tables include
the tallies.
8. To simplify things, the collected data can be arranged in groups called class intervals.
A frequency table with results arranged in class intervals is called a grouped
frequency table
9. A stem and leaf diagram is a special type of table that allows you to organise and
display grouped data using the actual data values. Where each data item is broken
into two parts: a stem and a leaf. The final digit of each value is the leaf and the
previous digits are the stem. The stems are written to the left of a vertical line and
the leaves are written to the right of the vertical line.
10. We can display data in different charts or graph. Charts will make it easier to see
patterns and trends easily and quickly. You can also compare diff erent sets of data
easily by looking at charts
11. Pictogram is a chart which use small symbols (pictures) are used to represent
quantities.
12. Bar Charts display data by showing information as a series of bars plotted against a
scale on the axis. The bars can be horizontal or vertical.
13. A compound bar chart displays two or more sets of data on the same set of axes to
make it easy to compare the data. This chart compares the growth rates of children
born to mothers with different education levels.
14. A pie chart is a circular chart which uses slices or sectors of the circle to show the
data. The circle in a pie chart represents the ‘whole’ set of data.
15. Line graph shows how data that you collect changes with time.

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