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C

This document is a comprehensive guide to C++ covering core concepts from basic syntax to advanced topics. It includes sections on data types, control statements, object-oriented programming, templates, exception handling, and the Standard Template Library (STL). Additionally, it touches on advanced concepts such as dynamic memory management, smart pointers, and lambda functions.

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6 views10 pages

C

This document is a comprehensive guide to C++ covering core concepts from basic syntax to advanced topics. It includes sections on data types, control statements, object-oriented programming, templates, exception handling, and the Standard Template Library (STL). Additionally, it touches on advanced concepts such as dynamic memory management, smart pointers, and lambda functions.

Uploaded by

my Udaipur
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 10

Here’s a detailed C++ notes guide covering core concepts from basics to

advanced:

1. Introduction to C++

Developed by Bjarne Stroustrup as an extension of C.

Supports both procedural and object-oriented programming.

File extension: .cpp

2. Basic Syntax

#include <iostream>

Using namespace std;

Int main() {

Cout << “Hello, World!”;

Return 0;

}
3. Data Types

Primary Types

Int, float, double, char, bool, void

Derived Types

Arrays, Pointers, Functions

User-Defined Types

Struct, union, enum, class

4. Variables and Constants

Int age = 25;

Const float PI = 3.14;


5. Operators

Arithmetic: + - * / %

Relational: == != > < >= <=

Logical: && || !

Bitwise: & | ^ ~ << >>

Assignment: = += -= *=

6. Control Statements

Conditional

If (x > 0) {

Cout << “Positive”;

} else {

Cout << “Non-positive”;

Loops
For, while, do-while

For (int I = 0; I < 5; i++) {

Cout << I;

7. Arrays and Strings

Int arr[5] = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5};

Char name[] = “C++”;

8. Functions

Int add(int a, int b) {

Return a + b;

Supports default arguments, function overloading, recursion.


9. Object-Oriented Programming

Class and Object

Class Car {

Public:

String color;

Void drive() {

Cout << “Driving “ << color;

};

Car myCar;

Encapsulation

Using private, protected, and public access modifiers.

Inheritance

Class Animal {

Public:

Void speak() { cout << “Speaking”; }

};

Class Dog : public Animal {};


Polymorphism

Compile-time: Function Overloading, Operator Overloading

Run-time: Virtual Functions

Abstraction

Using abstract classes and pure virtual functions

10. Constructors and Destructors

Class Person {

Public:

Person() { cout << “Constructor”; }

~Person() { cout << “Destructor”; }

};

11. Pointers and References

Int a = 10;
Int *p = &a;

Int &ref = a;

12. File Handling

#include <fstream>

Ofstream fout(“file.txt”);

Fout << “Hello file”;

Fout.close();

13. Templates

Function Template

Template <typename T>

T add(T a, T b) { return a + b; }

Class Template

Template <class T>

Class Box {

T value;

};
14. Exception Handling

Try {

Throw 5;

} catch (int e) {

Cout << “Exception: “ << e;

15. Standard Template Library (STL)

Containers: vector, list, deque, stack, queue, map, set

Algorithms: sort(), find(), reverse()

Iterators: pointer-like objects used to access elements

16. Namespace

Namespace mySpace {
Int x = 10;

Using namespace mySpace;

17. Advanced Concepts

Dynamic Memory: new, delete

Friend Functions and Classes

Operator Overloading

Virtual Functions and VTables

Move Semantics and Rvalue References (C++11)

Lambda Functions (C++11)

Smart Pointers (unique_ptr, shared_ptr)

Would you like a printable PDF, topic-wise breakdown, or sample programs


for practice?

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