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Chapter 10 - MOS

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11 views20 pages

Chapter 10 - MOS

Uploaded by

iqbalatan555
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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MARINE AND OFFSHORE SAFETY

MOS (BPS2633)

Chapter 10: Port Safety


Learning outcomes

• Understand the safety requirements at Ports


Main hazards in
Ports
➢ The degree of risk depends on the type of work
and particularly the exposure to cargo handling
activities both on the berth and on the ship.
➢ The persons most at risk are the cargo handlers
who carry out loading and unloading operations
on board ship, the dock workers handling the
cargo on the berth and any other person who has
to transit those areas while the activities are
taking place
Types of Port
Operations
Port operations are divided into the following sectors:

•Container terminal operations


Involves loading and unloading of container ships at both privately
operated and common user terminals using large, fast, equipment.
•Roll on-Roll off (Ro-Ro)
Wheeled cargo e.g. cars, trucks, construction vehicles that can drive on and
off the ship under their own power or on special trailers.
•Lift on-Lift off (Lo-Lo)
Cargo that has to be lifted on or off by means of shore or ship cranes.
Usually refers to containerised cargo.
Types of Port
Operations

•Liquid bulk
Liquid substances carried in bulk in ships’ tanks, including oil, oil derivative
and chemical cargoes.
•Solid bulk
Solid substances carried in bulk in ships’ holds, including iron ore, coal,
grain.
•Breakbulk or general cargo
Any loose materials or items that must be loaded individually, such as steel
plate or coils, packaged lumber, heavy machinery.
Generic Risk Exposures
on Different Ship Types
Dangerous Cargoes

• The operators of ports and berths handling such cargoes


must have a safety management system in place to ensure
their safe handling and transfer, in accordance with both
occupational safety and health legislation and marine
legislation.
• The most important aspects of managing the transport of
dangerous goods is the stowage, segregation and separation
of these goods
• Dangerous goods must not be carried with other goods
which are liable to interact and cause danger to P.E.A.R
P.E.A.R Concept
PEOPLE ENVIRONMENT ASSET REPUTATION

Medical and Reduces the natural Repair or Drop stock price


compensation food supply replacement of
payments damaged Loss/gain of
machinery and talent
Possible equipment
reduction in the Poor Financial
quality of work relations

Poor Customer
relations

Poor Supplier
relations
Pre–Checks and
Classification of
Packaged Dangerous
Goods and Bulk
Cargoes
Cargo Arriving in
Port by Ship

• Arriving cargo may present a risk to cargo


handlers during the unloading process.
• Standard information to be assessed by the
berth operator or stevedoring company
responsible for loading or unloading dangerous
goods
Transportation
Documents

Information which must be included in the Dangerous


Goods transportation document:
• The shipping name
• The Class and Division when applicable
• The United Nations number (the letters UN)
• The packing group when assigned
• The total quantity of dangerous goods per volume
or mass
Transportation
Documents

• The flashpoint for materials (same or lower than 61


Celsius)
• When applicable, the goods shall be identified as
“Marine Pollutant”
• A statement signed in the name of the consignor
• Additional information may be required (explosives,
radioactive materials, dangerous goods transported
in a molten state)
Dangerous cargo secured
incorrect inside containers
which then becomes loose
and damaged is the main
cause of accidents
concerning dangerous goods
Principles of
segregation and stowage

Several issues may contribute towards major chemical


accidents during stowage and segregation:
i. Failure to understand the nature of the substance
handled
ii. Failure of quality assurance-container inspection
certificates
iii. Insufficient recording of chemical register
inventories at different terminal locations
iv. Insufficient labelling and recording of chemicals
v. Poor housekeeping
Stowage
Categories
• There are 5 stowage categories stipulated by
the IMDG Code:
• The techniques on how to stow dangerous goods
correctly on board ships is fundamentally the
responsibility of the Ship Planner.

• Port Terminals are not concerned with planning


of the stowage of dangerous goods on board
Segregation

The IMDG Code defines FOUR segregation terms:


➢ “Away from”- the minimum separation between
two incompatible goods
➢ “Separated from”
➢ “Separated by a complete compartment or hold
from”
➢ “Separated longitudinally by an intervening
complete compartment or hold from” – the
maximum separation between two incompatible
goods
No. Description Distance
0 No general segregation required -
1 Segregate by distance 1 meter

3 Segregate by distance 3 meter


X The segregation, if any, is shown in the 5 meter
Dangerous Goods list

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