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Data encryption standard

The Data Encryption Standard (DES) is a block cipher that uses a 56-bit key to encrypt data in 64-bit blocks. It operates through 16 rounds of substitution and transposition, starting with an initial permutation and ending with a final permutation to produce ciphertext. DES originally uses a 64-bit key, but discards every 8th bit to create the effective 56-bit key used in the encryption process.

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3 views

Data encryption standard

The Data Encryption Standard (DES) is a block cipher that uses a 56-bit key to encrypt data in 64-bit blocks. It operates through 16 rounds of substitution and transposition, starting with an initial permutation and ending with a final permutation to produce ciphertext. DES originally uses a 64-bit key, but discards every 8th bit to create the effective 56-bit key used in the encryption process.

Uploaded by

Dipak Dumbe
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Data encryption standard (DES)

Data Encryption Standard (DES) is a block cipher with a 56-bit key length that
has played a significant role in data security.

DES is a block cipher and encrypts data in blocks of size of 64 bits each, which
means 64 bits of plain text go as the input to DES, which produces 64 bits of
ciphertext.

The same algorithm and key are used for encryption and decryption, with minor
differences. The key length is 56 bits.

The basic idea is shown below:

We have mentioned that DES uses a 56-bit key. Actually, The initial key consists
of 64 bits. However, before the DES process even starts, every 8th bit of the key
is discarded to produce a 56-bit key. That is bit positions 8, 16, 24, 32, 40, 48, 56,
and 64 are discarded.

Thus, the discarding of every 8th bit of the key produces a 56-bit key from the
original 64-bitkey.
DES is based on the two fundamental attributes of cryptography: substitution and
transposition

DES consists of 16 steps, each of which is called a round.

Each round performs the steps of substitution and transposition.

Let us now discuss the broad-level steps in DES.

 In the first step, the 64-bit plain text block is handed over to an
initial Permutation (IP) function.
 The initial permutation is performed on plain text.
 Next, the initial permutation (IP) produces two halves of the permuted block;
saying Left Plain Text (LPT) and Right Plain Text (RPT).
 Now each LPT and RPT go through 16 rounds of the encryption process.
 In the end, LPT and RPT are rejoined and a Final Permutation (FP) is
performed on the combined block
 The result of this process produces 64-bit ciphertext.

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