UNGOS INTEGRATED NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL

SENIOR HIGH SHCOOL

“Utilizing Renewable Energy: Reducing Electricity Costs Through

a Hydroelectric Power Plant for Residents of Real, Quezon”

A Research Paper Presented to Mrs. Yedda Marie L. Nakar Department of Senior

High School Ungos Integrated National High School Real, Quezon

In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for

the subject PRACTICAL RESEARCH 1

Submitted by:
Ortinero, King David P.
Perez James, Mathew E.
Ebuenga, Jerico A.
Orejola, Jore G.

STEM 11
March 31, 2025
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CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION

Background of the Study

Energy sustainability is a growing global concern, particularly in regions where
electricity costs are rising. The increasing dependence on fossil fuels has led to high
electricity rates, environmental degradation, and energy insecurity. The rising cost of
electricity remains a significant issue for many communities in the Philippines,
especially in rural areas. Energy affordability and sustainability are crucial factors that
impact economic development and the quality of life for residents. According to the
International Energy Agency (2023), the global shift toward renewable energy sources
has highlighted hydroelectric power as a viable solution for reducing electricity costs
while promoting environmental sustainability.

Hydroelectric power is one of the most efficient and renewable energy sources
available. It harnesses the energy of flowing water to generate electricity, providing a
stable and cost-effective alternative to fossil fuels. According to the World Bank (2021),
countries such as Norway, Canada, and Brazil have successfully integrated
hydroelectric power into their national grids, significantly lowering energy costs and
reducing carbon emissions.

According to the Department of Energy's 2021 Philippine Power Statistics,

hydroelectric plants contributed 11.8% to the country's total electricity generation. This
aligns with other sources indicating that hydropower accounts for approximately 11.8%
of energy generation and 17-18% of installed capacity in the Philippines. The National
Power Corporation (NAPOCOR) and independent power producers (IPPs) operate
various hydropower facilities across Luzon, Visayas, and Mindanao. According to the
International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA), hydropower is the second-largest
renewable energy source in the Philippines after geothermal energy. Geothermal
energy accounted for 35% of the country's renewable electricity capacity, while
hydropower contributed 11.8%. The National Grid Corporation of the Philippines
(NGCP) oversees the integration of hydroelectric power into the national grid, ensuring
efficient electricity distribution across the country.
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Given the rich water resources in Real, Quezon, this study seeks to explore the
feasibility of establishing a hydroelectric power plant to provide a sustainable, cost-
effective, and environmentally friendly source of electricity. Implementing a hydroelectric
power plant in this area could provide long-term economic and environmental benefits,
improve energy security, and reduce dependence on fossil fuel-generated electricity.

Statement of the Problem

Electricity is an essential part of daily life, powering households, businesses, and
industries. However, most electricity in the Philippines is generated from coal, fossil
fuels, and nuclear power plants, which contribute to pollution and environmental
destruction. Despite the availability of renewable energy resources, many communities,
including Real, Quezon, continue to rely on expensive and sometimes unreliable
electricity sources. The lack of affordable energy options hinders economic growth and
increases the financial burden on residents and businesses.

This research aims to determine the feasibility of establishing a hydroelectric

power plant in Real, Quezon, as a sustainable alternative to traditional energy sources.
The study will assess its potential impact on electricity costs, energy security, the
environment, and the local economy.

Research Questions

This study will answer the following questions:

1. How can a hydroelectric power plant benefit Real, Quezon, in terms of:
a.) Economic and business growth
b.) Environmental sustainability
c.) Reduction in electricity costs
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2. What policy recommendations can be made to support the development of

hydroelectric power plants in Real, Quezon?

3. What are the available water resources in Real, Quezon, that are suitable for
hydroelectric power generation?

Significance of the Study

This research is significant to various stakeholders, including:

 Residents of Real, Quezon – By identifying a renewable energy solution, this

study can help reduce electricity costs, improve energy reliability, and enhance
the quality of life. Affordable and stable energy can lead to economic growth and
increased access to modern conveniences.

 Local Government and Policymakers – The findings can aid in the development
of policies and programs that support renewable energy projects. The
government can use the study as a reference in formulating energy-related
policies and investment opportunities for sustainable development.

 Businesses and Entrepreneurs – Lower electricity costs can boost local

businesses and attract investors, leading to job creation and economic
improvement in the municipality.

 Environmental Advocates – The study promotes clean and sustainable energy,

reducing reliance on fossil fuels and minimizing environmental impact. It also
raises awareness about the importance of utilizing renewable energy sources.
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 Future Researchers – This study can serve as a reference for future research on
renewable energy, particularly hydroelectric power, providing insights into its
feasibility and benefits in rural areas.

Scope and Delimitations

This study focuses on the feasibility of establishing a hydroelectric power plant in
Real, Quezon. It will assess the economic, environmental, and technical aspects of
hydropower generation. The research will analyze local water resources, estimate
potential electricity production, and evaluate cost-effectiveness.

However, this study has certain limitations:

 It will not cover large-scale hydropower projects, but rather small- to medium-
scale hydroelectric systems suited for the community.

 The study will focus on available water resources in Real, Quezon, without
conducting a nationwide analysis of hydropower potential.

 It will not include in-depth financial feasibility studies, such as detailed cost-
benefit analyses or investment risk assessments.

 The research will primarily focus on local perspectives and will not involve
international case studies or large-scale government infrastructure plans.

Research Design and Methodology

This research will employ a mixed-methods approach.

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Quantitative Data:
 Surveys – A stratified random sample of 100 residents of Real, Quezon, will be
surveyed using a questionnaire designed to assess their current electricity
consumption patterns and willingness to adopt a new energy source.

Qualitative Data:
 Interviews – Key stakeholders, including local government officials, business
owners, and environmental experts, will be interviewed to gather their
perspectives on the project's feasibility and potential impacts.

 Literature Review – A comprehensive literature review will be conducted to

examine existing research on hydroelectric power plants, their environmental
impacts, and economic considerations.

The data collected will be analyzed using statistical methods, such as regression
analysis and t-tests, to determine the feasibility and potential impacts of the proposed
hydroelectric power plant.

Hypothesis
Null Hypothesis (H0): There will be a significant reduction in electricity costs for
residents of Real, Quezon, after the implementation of a hydroelectric power plant.

Research Assumption
This study assumes that Real, Quezon, has sufficient water resources to support
the establishment of a hydroelectric power plant. It is also assumed that implementing
such a renewable energy source will lead to a reduction in electricity costs for residents,
promote economic growth, and contribute to environmental sustainability. Additionally,
the research assumes that local stakeholders are open to supporting renewable energy
initiatives.
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Definition of Terms

Hydroelectric Power – Electricity generated by harnessing the energy of flowing or

falling water.

Renewable Energy – Energy from natural sources that are replenished over time, such
as water, solar, and wind power.

Energy Sustainability – The ability to meet present energy demands without

compromising the needs of future generations.

National Grid Corporation of the Philippines (NGCP) – The agency responsible for
operating and maintaining the national electricity transmission network.

Independent Power Producers (IPPs) – Private companies that generate electricity and
sell it to distribution utilities.
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References
Department of Energy. (2022). Renewable energy development in the Philippines.
Manila, Philippines.

International Energy Agency. (2023). Hydropower: Renewable energy for a sustainable

future.

World Bank. (2021). Hydroelectric power and its role in reducing energy costs in
developing countries. Washington, D.C.: World Bank Publications.

Energy Tracker Asia. (2023). Hydropower in the Philippines: Current status and future
prospects. Retrieved from energytracker.asia

National Museum of the Philippines. (2021). Power from water: The history of
hydropower in the Philippines. Retrieved from nationalmuseum.gov.ph

Enel Green Power. (2023). Advantages of hydroelectric energy. Retrieved from

enelgreenpower.com

Hydropower.org. (2023). Hydropower development in Southeast Asia. Retrieved from

hydropower.org.
nationalmuseum.gov.ph