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(Week05) Operating System and File Management

The document outlines the key concepts of operating systems and file management, including the differences between various operating systems, their functions, and features. It also covers the boot process, input/output management, and how to personalize an operating system to enhance productivity. Additionally, it provides guidance on managing files and folders, including compression, naming conventions, and organization using file management tools.

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6 views35 pages

(Week05) Operating System and File Management

The document outlines the key concepts of operating systems and file management, including the differences between various operating systems, their functions, and features. It also covers the boot process, input/output management, and how to personalize an operating system to enhance productivity. Additionally, it provides guidance on managing files and folders, including compression, naming conventions, and organization using file management tools.

Uploaded by

daisysintszwai
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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SEHH1034

Week 5

Operating Systems and File


Management

Reference:

Module 4: Campbell, J. T., Ciampa, M., Clemens, B., Freund, S. M., Frydenberg, M.,
Hooper, R., Ruffolo, L. (2020). Technology for Success: Computer Concepts,
Cengage Learning.
Lesson Objectives
• Explain the pros and cons of different types of operating systems
• Explain how an operating system works
• Personalize a computer operating system, as well as its software and
hardware, to increase productivity
• Manages files and folders
The Pros and Cons of Different Types of Operating
Systems
• Explain the differences between an operating system and system software
• Explain the differences between the major operating systems
• Identify the desktop components
Differences Between Operating Systems and
System Software
• System software: The software that runs a computer, including the
operating system and the utilities

• Operating system (OS): a program that manages the complete operation


of your computer or mobile device and lets you interact with it.
Differences Between the Major Operating Systems (1 of 5)

Standard Operating System Functions


• Starting and shutting down a computer or device
• Managing programs
• Managing memory
• Coordinating tasks
• Configuring devices
• Establishing an Internet connection
• Monitoring performance
• Providing file management
• Updating operating system software
• Monitoring security
• Controlling network access
Differences Between the Major Operating Systems (2 of 5)

Operating Systems Features


• Graphical user interface (GUI)
• Utilities
• Software as a Service (SaaS)
• Open/closed source
Differences Between the Major Operating Systems (3 of 5)

Desktop Operating Systems


Table 4-2: Desktop operating systems
OS Available for Notable features
Windows Desktop computers, Supports the Cortana virtual assistant, touchscreen input, HoloLens
laptops, and some tablets headsets, and built-in apps such as the Microsoft Edge browser
macOS Macintosh desktop Includes the Siri virtual assistant, coordination with Apple mobile
computers and laptops devices, and cloud file storage
UNIX Most computers and Multitasking operating system with many versions, as the code is
devices licensed to different developers
LINUX Desktop computers, Distributed under the terms of a General Public License (GPL),
laptops, and some tablets which allows you to copy the OS for your own use, to give to others,
or to sell
Chrome Chromebook laptops Based on Linux, uses the Google Chrome browser as its user
OS interface, and primarily runs web apps (an app stored on an Internet
server that can be run entirely in a web browser)
Differences Between the Major Operating Systems (4 of 5)

Server Operating Systems


Table 4-3: Server operating systems

OS Notable features
Windows Server The server version of Windows. It includes advanced security tools and a set of
programs called Internet Information Services that manage web apps and
services.
macOS Server Supports all sizes of networks and servers. One unique feature is that it lets
authorized users access servers their iPhones or other Apple devices.
UNIX A multipurpose operating system that can run on a desktop PC or a server.
Many web servers, which are Internet computers that store webpages and
deliver them to your computer or device, use UNIX because it is a powerful,
flexible operating system.
Differences Between the Major Operating Systems (5 of 5)
Mobile Operating Systems
Table 4-4: Mobile operating systems

OS Notable features
Android Developed by Google based on LINUX, and designed to be run on many types of
smartphones and tablets
iOS Runs only on Apple devices, including the iPhone, iPad, and iPod; derived from
macOS
Identify Desktop Components
Desktop
• Window
• Menu
• Dialog boxes
• File
o Data file
o Executable file
o File format
o File extension
• Folder
o Library
The Purpose of an Operating System
• Responsible for coordinating the resources and activities on a computer
• Manages interactions between hardware and software
Steps in the Boot Process
Boot Process
1. The computer receives power from the power supply or battery and sends it
to the circuitry
2. The processor runs the bootstrap program
3. The bootstrap program executes a series of tests to check the components
4. The computer loads the operating system files into RAM, including the
kernel
5. The computer loads the system configuration information and loads startup
programs

Note: Kernel is the core of an operating system.


It manages memory, runs programs and assigns
resources.
How Operating Systems Manage Input and Output
Input and Output
• Input: any data and instructions entered
into the memory of a device
• Output: information processed into a
useful form
• Output is the goal of input
How Operating Systems Manage Input and Output
Buffer and Spooling
• If a computer is slow in accepting or
providing input or output, the operating
system users buffers.
• A buffer is an area if memory that stores
data and information waiting to ne sent to an
input or output device.
• Placing data into a buffer is called spooling.
• Example: a document is sent to the buffer
when it is waiting for the printer to be
available.
Personalize an OS to Increase Productivity
• Customize system software
• Customize hardware using system software
• Manage desktop windows
• Use administrative tools
Customize System Software (1 of 2)
Customize Settings—change default
settings
• Change screen brightness
• Add desktop themes
• Adjust screen resolution
• Adding a sound scheme
• Pinning frequently used apps to the
taskbar
• Selecting items to appear in the
Notification area
Customize System Software (2 of 2)
• Link your smartphone to your computer
• Uninstall apps
• Add accounts
• Manage network connections
• Adjust privacy settings
• Customize desktop
o Move taskbar
o Add shortcuts
Customize Hardware Using System Software
Customize Hardware
• Pointing device
o Switch mouse buttons
o Adjust trackpad sensitivity
• Keyboard
o Change commands associated with
certain keys/keyboard shortcuts
o Change language/dialect
o Adjust settings for toggle keys
Manage Desktop Windows (1 of 2)
Common Elements of Windows
• Center area displays contents
• Title bar at the top displays the name of
the app, file, or folder shown in the
window
• Buttons
o Maximize
o Minimize
o Close
o Restore Down
• Vertical and horizontal scroll bars
Manage Desktop Windows (2 of 2)
• Multiple windows can be open at once and appear side-by-side or stacked
o The active window is the one currently being used
o Windows can be resized and dragged to new locations
• Program window
• Folder window
Use Administrative Tools (1 of 6)
Resources
• Components required to perform work
(processor, RAM, storage space, and
connected devices)
• Windows Task Manager
• Interact with a GUI
o Tile
o Icon
o Button
Use Administrative Tools (2 of 6)
Adjust Power Settings
• Shutdown/sleep options
• Battery usage
Use Administrative Tools (3 of 6)
Utilities
• Disk cleanup utility
• Recycle bin/trash
• File utilities
o File management
o Search tool
o File compression
Use Administrative Tools (4 of 6)
Customize Windows Operating System
• Settings app
• Control panel
• Menus
o Shortcut menu
o Dialog box
• Option/radio buttons
• Check boxes
• List boxes
Use Administrative Tools (5 of 6)
Run More than One Operating System
• Virtual machine
o Requires an app that is specifically designed to set up and manage virtual
machines
o Installation files for the operating system to run on the virtual machine are also
required
o Runs on a partition
Use Administrative Tools (6 of 6)
Manage User Accounts
• User accounts identify the resources a user can access when working with
the computer
• Protect your computer against unauthorized access
• Administrator account provides full access
Manage Files and Folders
• Compress and uncompress files
• Save files to folders and filing systems
• Determine file properties
• Manage file names and file placement
• Manage folder names and folder placement
• Organize files using file management tools
Compress and Uncompress Files
• File size is usually measured in kilobytes (KB) (thousands of bytes of data),
megabytes (MB) (millions of bytes of data), or gigabytes (GB) (billions of
bytes of data)

• kilobytes (KB, 103)


• megabytes (MB, 106)
• gigabytes (GB, 109)
• terabytes (TB, 1012)

• Example: 1GB = 1000 MB

• Files and folders may need to be compressed before they can be shared or
transferred
Save Files to Folders and Filing Systems
• Name the file
• Save to the computer, flash drive, or
cloud
• If creating or editing a file, it should be
saved frequently
o Files you work on using a web app save
changes as you make them
• Use the Save As or Save a Copy dialog
box to save a file with a new name or in a
new location
Determine File Properties
• Every file has properties, such as
name, type, location, and size
• Dates: when the file was created,
modified, last accessed
• The operating system assigns some
properties to files, such as type or
format, and updates other properties,
such as date, size, and location
Manage File Names and File Placement (1 of 2)
File Names
• When you save a file, you must give it a name that follows your operating
system’s rules for file-naming conventions
• Most file names contain an extension that tells about its contents, such as
the type of platform or app on which the file can be used
• File name extensions are added automatically when you save a file, but you
can change the extension in some cases
Manage File Names and File Placement (2 of 2)
File Placement
• Each folder can only include one file with the same name of the same type
• Be as specific as possible when naming files
• Copying or moving files: use the Clipboard or drag between file
management windows
• To open a saved file, navigate to the file’s location using the file manager or
the Open dialog box from within a program or app. Double-click it or select it
and click the Open button.
Manage Folder Names and Folder Placement
• You can create a new folder in a
file manager such as File Explorer
or Finder
• To create a folder, click the New
folder button in your file manager.
The folder name by default is “New
folder.” To rename the folder
something meaningful, select the
folder and click it again to make it
editable, then type the name and
enter.
• Within file manager, you can move,
copy, and delete folders the same
as a file
Organize Files Using File Management Tools
File Management
• Windows 10: File Explorer
• macOS: the Finder
• File manager functions
o View frequently or recently
opened files and folders
o View the main folders on your
computer or device
o Search by file name, content,
date, and more

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