2024 Inspector FIA Interviews

FIA member
Q. Acts dealt by you as an Inspector
●​ As an Inspector in the **Federal Investigation Agency (FIA)** of Pakistan, several key legislative
acts are relevant to carrying out duties in various areas, including cybercrime, counterterrorism,
human trafficking, financial crime, and more. Here are some of the main acts you would enforce:

1. **Pakistan Penal Code (PPC)**

- The PPC covers numerous offenses, such as fraud, forgery, and corruption, which the FIA
investigates in cases that fall under federal jurisdiction. Sections within the PPC, including those
addressing forgery, public servant misconduct, and financial crimes, are often used in conjunction
with other specialized laws.

2. **Prevention of Electronic Crimes Act (PECA), 2016**

- This act empowers the FIA to investigate cybercrime offenses, including unauthorized access,
cyberstalking, cyber harassment, hacking, and online financial fraud. As an Inspector, you would
work under PECA to handle complaints, collect digital evidence, and ensure cybersecurity compliance
within Pakistan’s jurisdictions.

3. **Anti-Money Laundering Act, 2010**

- The FIA enforces this act to prevent, investigate, and prosecute cases of money laundering. This
includes monitoring suspicious transactions, investigating financial networks, and collaborating
with other domestic and international financial institutions to prevent the misuse of financial
systems.

4. **Foreign Exchange Regulation Act, 1947**

- This act helps the FIA to investigate and prevent illegal currency trading, Hawala, and Hundi
practices. The act is essential in maintaining economic stability by ensuring foreign exchange
transactions adhere to legal standards.

5. **Immigration Ordinance, 1979**

- Under this ordinance, the FIA handles immigration and border security cases, investigating illegal
immigration, human trafficking, and exploitation cases. As an Inspector, you would be responsible for
identifying and dismantling trafficking rings and apprehending those engaged in smuggling people across
borders.

6. **Narcotics Control Act, 1997**

- The FIA also assists in enforcing narcotics laws by investigating drug trafficking cases in
collaboration with other law enforcement agencies, ensuring that drug-related activities do not impact
national security.

7. **Official Secrets Act, 1923**

- This act deals with cases involving espionage, leaking of classified information, and unauthorized
sharing of government secrets. The FIA has jurisdiction to investigate cases under this act to prevent
and mitigate security threats related to sensitive information leaks.

8. **Prevention of Corruption Act, 1947**

- In cases involving corruption among public officials, this act empowers the FIA to investigate and
prosecute government employees engaging in bribery, embezzlement, or other forms of corruption,
especially if it impacts national resources and public trust.

9. **Anti-Terrorism Act, 1997**

- The Anti-Terrorism Act empowers the FIA to investigate cases related to terrorism financing,
extremist activities, and related offenses. The agency works in coordination with other security bodies
to prevent terrorism and track down financing sources for terrorist activities.
10. **Human Trafficking Ordinance, 2002**
- This ordinance enables the FIA to take action against human trafficking and smuggling,
prosecuting traffickers and working to protect victims, particularly vulnerable women and children.

These acts collectively give the FIA the mandate to maintain national security, enforce anti-corruption
measures, combat cybercrime, manage immigration control, and address organized criminal activities.
Each act provides a specific framework and legal scope to guide investigations and enforcement efforts.

Q. How to collect evidence in cyber crime

●​ In cybercrime investigations, the **FIA (Federal Investigation Agency)** in Pakistan uses specific
processes and techniques to collect and preserve digital evidence in line with legal standards and
best practices. Here's a step-by-step outline of how evidence is typically collected:

1. **Identification and Preservation of Digital Evidence**

- The FIA begins by identifying all possible sources of digital evidence, which may include computers,
mobile devices, emails, servers, and other network components. Investigators take immediate steps
to preserve this evidence, as digital data can be easily altered or deleted.
- This often involves creating **forensic copies** or **imaging** the data storage devices to maintain
the original data integrity. Imaging is essential as it ensures that all investigations are performed on
duplicates, preserving the original evidence.

2. **Obtaining Warrants and Legal Authorization**

- Since cybercrime evidence often involves sensitive information, investigators obtain proper warrants
and legal permissions to search and seize data, adhering to local laws such as the **Prevention of
Electronic Crimes Act (PECA)**, 2016.

3. **Forensic Examination and Analysis**

- Using specialized software, such as **EnCase**, **FTK (Forensic Toolkit)**, or **XRY** for mobile
devices, the FIA extracts and analyzes data. These tools help in:
- Recovering deleted files and hidden data.
- Analyzing logs, internet history, and email records.
- Tracing digital footprints, including IP addresses, timestamps, and user activities.
- **Chain of Custody**: It’s crucial to maintain a detailed log, often referred to as a chain of custody,
documenting each step in the evidence handling process to ensure admissibility in court.

4. **Network and Log Analysis**

- In cybercrime cases involving hacking or unauthorized access, the FIA often collects evidence from
network logs, firewalls, routers, and any servers connected to the compromised network. Logs can
provide valuable information about access times, IP addresses, and unusual network behavior that may
indicate cyber intrusion.

5. **Collecting Social Media and Online Content**

- If the investigation involves social media, the FIA may work with social media companies (subject
to legal permissions) to gather data such as messages, posts, and account activity. This can be
essential in cyberstalking or harassment cases.
- Tools like **OSINT (Open-Source Intelligence)** are used for collecting publicly available information
on suspects to gain further insights.

6. **Cyber Forensics on Mobile Devices**

- For cybercrimes involving mobile devices, the FIA uses mobile forensic tools to extract text
messages, call logs, application data, GPS location, and other relevant information. This is particularly
important in cases involving fraud or digital harassment.

7. **Collaboration with International Agencies**

 - For cases involving international elements, the FIA collaborates with foreign agencies, leveraging
mutual legal assistance treaties (MLATs) and other international agreements to collect data and
evidence hosted outside Pakistan.

8. **Documentation and Reporting**

- Detailed documentation of the analysis process and findings is essential, as digital evidence must be
presented clearly in court. FIA investigators compile a comprehensive report that includes findings,
methodologies used, and the evidence trail to support the investigation.

Following these steps, the FIA can gather, analyze, and present digital evidence that meets legal
standards, crucial for the successful prosecution of cybercrime cases.

Q. What is the basic perception about FIA?

●​ the public perception of the FIA in Pakistan is complex/mixed.
●​ While there is respect for its role in combating serious crime and protecting national
security, there are also significant concerns over efficiency, political impartiality, and
internal corruption.
●​ These mixed perceptions reflect a public desire for the agency to enhance transparency,
improve its technological capacity, and operate independently of political influence

1. **Respect for Anti-Crime and Anti-Terrorism Efforts**

- Many people view the FIA as a key player in combating serious crimes, including cybercrime,
terrorism, human trafficking, and financial crime. The FIA's Cyber Crime Wing, in particular, has received
positive feedback for taking steps to protect citizens from online fraud, harassment, and digital
theft, which has grown increasingly relevant with the rise of internet usage in Pakistan.
- The agency’s role in counter-terrorism also garners respect from the public, especially given
Pakistan's longstanding issues with terrorism and extremism. The FIA's involvement in thwarting terrorism
financing is seen as crucial for national security.

2. **Mixed Perception on Customer Service and Complaint Resolution**

- The public experience with the FIA’s customer service varies, with some appreciating the launch of
cybercrime complaint portals and helplines for easier access, while others express dissatisfaction
with the response times and follow-up actions. Delays or perceived negligence in addressing
complaints, particularly cyber harassment or online fraud cases, can erode trust in the agency.

3**Skepticism Regarding Corruption and Political Bias**

- On the other hand, there is a significant level of skepticism among the public due to perceived
corruption within the agency. Some view the FIA as influenced by political agendas, particularly in
high-profile cases involving politicians or prominent public figures. Instances where investigations
appear to target opposition members of the government have led to criticisms that the FIA is not entirely
free from political influence.
- Corruption within the agency is also a point of criticism, with some citizens feeling that FIA officials
may abuse their positions or prioritize cases based on personal or political motives rather than fairness
and justice.

4. **Concerns about Limited Capacity and Efficiency**

●​ While the FIA has made strides in cybercrime investigations, some perceive it as lacking the
resources and expertise to keep up with the rapid evolution of cyber threats.
●​ Delays in processing complaints, a backlog of cases, and limited access to high-tech
forensic tools can hinder the agency’s efficiency, which can lead to frustration among citizens
seeking justice.
- Additionally, as a federal agency with jurisdiction over certain types of crimes, the FIA’s capacity to
investigate cases at the provincial level or rural areas is limited, leading some to feel underserved by the
agency.
5. **Positive Perception of International Collaboration and Training**
- The FIA’s collaboration with international agencies and its focus on enhancing its capacities
through training programs and partnerships (e.g., with Interpol, the United Nations, and regional
bodies) is positively viewed by the public. Many appreciate the efforts to improve the agency's
competence and transparency through these initiatives.

Q. What are your hobbies, and how do they prepare you for FIA?
My hobbies include reading about current affairs, engaging in physical fitness activities, and practicing
logical reasoning games like chess. Each of these hobbies aligns well with the skills and discipline
required in the FIA.
●​ Reading Current Affairs: I keep myself updated with national and international news,
particularly in areas related to security, policy changes, and technological advancements. This
habit not only broadens my knowledge but also keeps me aware of the latest trends and risks in
the security landscape, which is crucial for understanding the dynamics of modern crime and
enforcement strategies.
●​ Physical Fitness: I regularly engage in activities like running, gym workouts, and sometimes
hiking. Physical endurance and strength are critical for maintaining readiness in the field, and this
habit ensures I’m prepared for the physical demands of law enforcement, whether it’s field
investigations or emergency situations.
●​ Logical Reasoning and Strategy: Watching crime series has honed my ability to think
critically, anticipate moves, and develop strategies. Investigative work often requires connecting
seemingly unrelated dots, analyzing patterns, and foreseeing potential outcomes—all of which
are skills I practice through chess.

Q. Under-Invoicing and Over-Invoicing

●​ Under-invoicing occurs when businesses import goods of higher value but declare a lower value
than the actual cost to reduce customs duties and taxes.
●​ Conversely, over-invoicing helps companies create "fake" expenses for tax deductions or shift
money abroad through inflated invoices.

Q. When was CTD established, and what is its function?

●​ In 1902, the British government formed CID bureaus all over the British Raj
●​ formerly known as the Crime Investigation Department (CID), are crime scene investigation,
interrogation, anti-terrorism, and intelligence bureaus of the provincial police services of
Pakistan.
●​ The CTDs are operational in all four provinces of Pakistan under the respective provincial Home
Ministry. While Islamabad Police, Gilgit-Baltistan Police, Azad Kashmir Police also have their own
CTD bureaus.
●​ CTD bureaus are usually commanded by an Additional-Inspector General of Police. In Karachi,
CTD teams have gathered intelligence to take action against organized crime, and, alongside the
FIA and the IB, have infiltrated terrorist cells to track down TTP, Islamic State, al-Qaeda and
other terror and separatist groups' operatives.
●​ Between 2010 and 2015, the Crime Investigation Departments (CIDs) in a number of provinces
were renamed to "Counter Terrorism Departments" (CTDs) under National Action Plan.

Q. Which wing do you want to join and why?

●​ I would be fine with any wing assigned but I would love to work in the Anti-Corruption Wing
due to its role in maintaining transparency and accountability within government institutions.
●​ Corruption undermines public trust and impacts economic growth, so helping to expose and
reduce corruption is a meaningful goal for me. This wing offers the opportunity to conduct
in-depth investigations that can have a long-lasting positive effect on governance and public
welfare.
Q. Consider me a layman and define FIA in one line
●​ "The FIA, is Pakistan’s national law enforcement agency responsible for investigating and
preventing federal crimes like terrorism, human trafficking, cybercrime, and corruption to protect
public safety and national security."

Q. Kya apki life main Cybercrime se wasta para ha?

●​ no

Q. What is spurious drugs?

●​ The primary difference is that counterfeit drugs are specifically intended to mimic a legitimate
branded product and deceive consumers,
●​ while spurious drugs are any drugs that are mislabeled or misrepresented, regardless of
whether they imitate a particular brand.
●​ Both are illegal and pose severe risks to health, but counterfeit drugs are more specifically an
issue of intellectual property infringement and fraud targeting specific brands.

For example, a counterfeit drug may look exactly like a well-known brand of antibiotics but have no active
ingredients, whereas a spurious drug may be marketed as a general antibiotic without containing any
effective medicinal component.

Q. Aik bandy ko mulk se bahr jany k lye kya requirements hoti hain?
"For a person to travel outside Pakistan, they need to fulfill a few basic requirements:
●​ 1. **Valid Passport**: The individual must possess a valid Pakistani passport, which is the
primary travel document accepted internationally.
●​ 2. **Visa**: For most countries, a visa is required, which grants permission to enter a foreign
country. Visa requirements vary depending on the destination country’s policies.
●​ 3. **Exit Control Check**: The individual should not be on Pakistan’s Exit Control List (ECL),
which would otherwise bar them from leaving the country due to legal or criminal issues.
●​ 4. **Ticket and Financial Requirements**: A confirmed ticket and, for certain destinations,
proof of financial means to support themselves while abroad may be necessary. Some
countries also ask for medical insurance or additional travel documents, depending on the
purpose of the visit.
These are the primary requirements for leaving the country, though they may vary slightly based on the
destination and purpose of travel."
This response is simple, yet it covers the core requirements for international travel in a way that would be
clear to any layperson.

Q. Cypher case? Wright or wrong? Khan sb aquittal prove case as wrong?

"The Cypher case is complex and has involved significant legal and political discourse. In essence, it
concerns allegations around a diplomatic cable, or ‘cypher,’ which was reportedly used to suggest
foreign interference in Pakistan’s internal politics.

Opinions on the case’s legitimacy vary widely.

●​ Some argue that the existence of the cypher could indicate interference;
●​ others maintain that there is no substantial evidence supporting claims of external manipulation
in Pakistan’s political affairs.
●​ Recently, Imran Khan’s acquittal has raised questions about the strength of evidence in the case.
●​ However, acquittal does not necessarily mean the case was entirely unfounded—it may
reflect a lack of prosecutable evidence or issues within the investigation.

As an FIA officer, my role would be to focus on investigating such matters impartially and ensuring due
process, regardless of political implications, in order to maintain public trust and uphold the agency's
integrity."
Q. What officially secrets act basically is?
●​ In Pakistan, the Official Secrets Act of 1923 is still in effect. Under this law, individuals found
guilty of spying, unauthorized access, or dissemination of classified information can face
imprisonment, with potential sentences extending up to 14 years. The Act serves as a primary
tool for Pakistan’s security and intelligence agencies in protecting sensitive information related to
national security.

Q. Panama case?
The Panama Papers case is a significant event in Pakistan's recent political history, involving allegations
of corruption against prominent political figures, including former Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif and his
family.
The case originated from the leak of documents from the Panamanian law firm Mossack Fonseca in
2016, which revealed the offshore financial dealings of numerous individuals worldwide.

Role of FIA in the Panama Case:

1. **Investigative Authority**: The FIA was tasked with investigating the allegations of money
laundering and corruption linked to the Sharif family, as detailed in the Panama Papers. The agency's
mandate allowed it to probe any financial irregularities and examine the legality of the Sharifs'
offshore assets.

2. **Formation of JIT**: The Supreme Court of Pakistan formed a Joint Investigation Team (JIT) in 2017
to conduct a thorough investigation into the allegations against Nawaz Sharif and his family. The FIA
was one of the key agencies involved in this investigation, working alongside other institutions like the
National Accountability Bureau (NAB) and the State Bank of Pakistan (SBP)

3. **Challenges Faced**: The FIA faced various challenges during the investigation, including political
pressure and public scrutiny. The case highlighted the difficulties law enforcement agencies encounter
in dealing with high-profile corruption cases, especially when they involve influential political figures.

4. **Findings and Impact**: The JIT's investigation concluded that there were discrepancies in the
Sharif family's financial records, leading to the eventual disqualification of Nawaz Sharif from
holding public office by the Supreme Court in July 2017. The FIA's role in collecting evidence and
assisting in the investigation was pivotal in establishing the grounds for these rulings.

Broader Implications:

The Panama Papers case had significant implications for Pakistan's political landscape, leading to
increased demands for accountability and transparency in governance. It also underscored the
importance of effective institutions like the FIA in combating corruption and enforcing the rule of law.

Q. Where do you see yourself in next five years?

●​ "In five years, I envision myself as a highly skilled and experienced Inspector, deeply engaged
in investigating complex cases and contributing meaningfully to the agency’s mission.
●​ My primary goal is to hone my investigative skills, particularly in areas such as cybercrime,
counter-terrorism, and financial fraud.
●​ By leveraging FIA’s resources and training opportunities, I see myself as a dedicated
professional whose work consistently reinforces the public's trust in FIA's integrity and
commitment to national security."

Q. Advent of crime has increased crime or decreased?

"Technology has indeed transformed the nature of crime, with both positive and negative impacts.
 ●​ On one hand, it has increased the complexity and volume of certain crimes. For instance,
cybercrimes, including online fraud, data breaches, and cyberstalking, have become much
more prevalent as digital technologies expand. This is especially significant in Pakistan, where
internet access and digital transactions are growing, leading to increased opportunities for online
fraud and digital scams.
●​ On the other hand, technological advancements have also empowered law enforcement
agencies like the FIA. We now have sophisticated tools for digital forensics, surveillance,
and data analytics, which aid in identifying and investigating crimes more efficiently.
○​ Additionally, data-sharing between agencies and improved monitoring systems enhance
our ability to prevent and respond to crime swiftly.

In summary, while technology has led to the emergence of new crimes, it has also strengthened our
ability to counter them. As an Inspector at the FIA, I would leverage these tools to not only investigate but
also prevent crimes, ensuring that the benefits of technology outweigh the risks."

Q. How do you see Pakistan’s economy in next five years?

"Over the next five years, Pakistan's economy will likely face significant challenges but also unique
opportunities for growth. Given current trends, Pakistan is dealing with high inflation, a growing
fiscal deficit, and external debt pressures. These issues strain public resources and can indirectly
impact national security by contributing to unemployment, reduced investment, and limited government
spending on crucial sectors like education, healthcare, and infrastructure.

However, there are opportunities that, if managed well, could lead to positive economic transformation.
With the increasing focus on digitization, especially through initiatives like the 'Digital Pakistan'
vision, we can see growth in the IT sector, e-commerce, and start-ups. These areas not only create
jobs but also attract foreign investment.
●​ Additionally, continued collaboration with international organizations and regional partners,
such as through CPEC projects, could lead to improvements in infrastructure and trade.

Q. Whether Pakistan is heading towards intolerance?

"In recent years, Pakistan has indeed faced challenges related to intolerance, which can be seen in
both social and political spheres. Factors like sectarian divides, ethnic tensions, and limited
socioeconomic opportunities contribute to this. Additionally, the rise of social media has amplified
certain narratives, sometimes fueling polarization and misunderstanding among different
communities.

However, there are also significant positive efforts aimed at promoting tolerance and unity.
Initiatives by the government and civil society, such as interfaith dialogues, national campaigns
against extremism, and educational reforms, demonstrate a commitment to addressing intolerance.
●​ For example, Pakistan’s National Action Plan (NAP) includes components focused on countering
hate speech and promoting a more inclusive society. Similarly, the push towards curriculum
reform aims to foster critical thinking and reduce biases in educational content.

In my role as an FIA Inspector, I would work to support these efforts by identifying and mitigating factors
that contribute to intolerance, such as online hate speech, extremist propaganda, and
misinformation. I believe that, while Pakistan faces challenges, with sustained effort and enforcement of
laws promoting inclusivity, the country can move towards a more tolerant society."

Q. What will you do as an investigator to deal with a sensitive case in the age of social media?
"As an investigator dealing with a sensitive case in today’s digital age, I would prioritize confidentiality
and accuracy, recognizing the influence of social media on public perception. First, I would ensure that
all information is handled strictly on a need-to-know basis within the investigative team to avoid any
leaks.
 ●​ Unauthorized sharing of case details can lead to misinformation, public unrest, and
interference with the investigation.

If any information related to the case does surface on social media, I would work with relevant FIA
media teams to monitor public reactions and identify the sources of potential leaks or misinformation.
Addressing false narratives swiftly and through official channels is essential to maintain public trust.
However, it’s equally important to avoid making premature statements, as missteps can damage the
investigation’s credibility.

In cases where public communication is necessary, I would coordinate with FIA’s media and
communications teams to issue carefully crafted, fact-based updates. This helps ensure the public
remains informed without compromising the investigation. In essence, balancing transparency with
discretion, especially in the face of social media pressures, would be my top priority to uphold the integrity
of the investigation."

Q. Aik social media k era m Jahan bht negativity pai jati h is dept ko Le k. AP ko koi sensitive Kam
dia jata h to kese tackle krain ge.

"To address the negative perception of the FIA, I would focus on building public trust through
transparent and accountable practices. Recognizing that much of the public’s skepticism stems from
concerns about transparency and misuse of authority, my approach would emphasize
professionalism and ethical conduct in every investigation I undertake.

One of my priorities would be to ensure that cases are handled impartially and efficiently, keeping the
public informed about progress without compromising sensitive information. Educating the public
on FIA's role and commitment to their safety through clear communication and responsible social
media engagement can help combat misconceptions.

Additionally, it’s essential to maintain a culture of accountability within the agency. By upholding high
standards of integrity and taking corrective actions when issues arise, we can help foster a positive
image for FIA. Over time, these efforts to demonstrate the agency’s commitment to justice and
professionalism will gradually rebuild public trust and confidence in FIA’s mission."

Q. What is the process of extradition?

The extradition process in Pakistan, managed by the Federal Investigation Agency (FIA) in coordination
with the Ministry of Interior and Ministry of Foreign Affairs, involves several steps. Extradition is
primarily governed by the Extradition Act, 1972, along with bilateral or multilateral treaties with other
countries.

Steps in the Extradition Process:

1. **Request from a Foreign Country**: Extradition typically begins with a formal request from a
foreign country seeking the return of an individual who is wanted for prosecution or has been
convicted of a crime. This request is usually submitted through diplomatic channels to the Ministry of
Foreign Affairs.

2. **Evaluation and Documentation**: The Ministry of Interior, in consultation with the Ministry of Law
and Justice, reviews the request to ensure it meets legal standards. This involves examining whether
the crime is extraditable under Pakistan’s laws and any applicable treaties. Extraditable offenses
generally include serious crimes like terrorism, drug trafficking, money laundering, and fraud.

3. **Role of the FIA**: Once the request is approved, the FIA is responsible for locating,
apprehending, and detaining the suspect. The FIA conducts the investigation and ensures that all
necessary documents, evidence, and warrants are in place to support the extradition.
4. **Judicial Proceedings**: The suspect has the right to challenge the extradition in Pakistani courts.
Judicial review is conducted to ensure that the extradition request adheres to legal protocols, including
respect for human rights and due process. Courts assess whether extradition could lead to any
potential human rights violations in the requesting country.

5. **Final Decision**: Once the courts approve the extradition, the Ministry of Interior finalizes the
extradition order, coordinating with the FIA and the requesting country’s authorities for the physical
transfer of the individual.

6. **Handing Over**: The FIA, in cooperation with relevant officials, arranges the extradition, ensuring
secure and legally compliant handover to the requesting country.

This process is rigorous and requires comprehensive documentation, especially to ensure compliance
with Pakistan’s laws and international standards on human rights and justice. The FIA plays a
central role in managing security, investigation, and the safe transfer of the individual once all legal
checks are satisfied.

Q. If a person committed crime in UAE and is taking refuge in Pakistan. What will Pakistan do with
that person since UAE has extradition treaty with Pakistan?
"If a person who committed a crime in the UAE is taking refuge in Pakistan, and if an extradition treaty
exists between Pakistan and the UAE, Pakistan will follow the formal extradition process as per the
Extradition Act of 1972 and international protocols. The UAE would need to submit a formal
extradition request to Pakistan through diplomatic channels.

Process of extradition mentioned above

Q. FIA Schedule offences

The Federal Investigation Agency (FIA) handles these offenses as listed under the FIA Act of 1974 and
other relevant legislation.

"FIA's Schedule Offences include a wide range of serious crimes that directly impact national
security, public order, and Pakistan’s economic stability.

They cover areas such as:

1. **Anti-terrorism**: Crimes involving terrorism and acts that threaten national security.
2. **Cybercrimes**: Offenses under the Prevention of Electronic Crimes Act (PECA) 2016, including
hacking, identity theft, cyberstalking, and online fraud.
3. **Financial and corporate fraud**: Money laundering, tax evasion, and corruption-related cases that
have a significant economic impact.
4. **Immigration and human trafficking**: Offenses related to human trafficking, illegal immigration, and
smuggling.
5. **Intellectual property rights violations**: Piracy, counterfeiting, and patent infringement cases that
impact Pakistan’s intellectual and economic assets.

Q. Difference between AML 2010 and AML 2020?

"The Anti-Money Laundering Act of 2010 established the initial framework for combating money
laundering in Pakistan, but the AML Amendment Act of 2020 introduced significant changes to enhance
the effectiveness of this framework. Here are some key differences along with examples:

1. **Expanded Definitions and Scope**:

- **AML 2010**: The original act primarily focused on money laundering activities and defined related
offenses.
 - **AML 2020**: The scope was expanded to include not only money laundering but also the
financing of terrorism. For instance, it now explicitly criminalizes financing activities linked to terrorist
organizations. This is crucial as it aligns with international standards set by the Financial Action Task
Force (FATF).

2. **Enhanced Reporting Obligations**:

- **AML 2010**: Financial institutions were required to report suspicious transactions, but the
requirements were somewhat limited in scope.
- **AML 2020**: The amendment mandated that not only banks but also designated non-financial
businesses and professions (DNFBPs)—such as real estate agents, jewelers, and casinos—must
report suspicious activities. For example, a real estate agent must now report any transaction that seems
suspicious, like a buyer paying in cash without clear documentation.

3. **Stricter Penalties and Enforcement Powers**:

- **AML 2010**: Penalties for non-compliance and for those convicted of money laundering were
relatively lenient.
- **AML 2020**: The amendment introduced harsher penalties, including longer prison sentences
and heavier fines. For example, the maximum sentence for money laundering offenses was increased,
reflecting a more stringent approach to enforcement.

4. **Strengthened Institutional Framework**:

- **AML 2010**: The FIA had a significant role but lacked comprehensive authority for proactive
investigations.
- **AML 2020**: The amendment granted enhanced powers to the FIA and other regulatory bodies,
allowing them to access financial records and information from banks and other institutions more
easily. This was evident when the FIA launched targeted investigations into specific high-profile cases of
financial crime, demonstrating their expanded capabilities.

Q. Tell us about your three weaknesses?

●​ Perfectionism: One of my weaknesses is my tendency toward perfectionism. I often set very
high standards for myself and my work, which can lead to spending more time on a task than
necessary.
○​ However, I have learned to balance this by setting realistic goals and deadlines for
myself. I've started to prioritize tasks better and recognize when to let go of minor
details to focus on the bigger picture.
●​ Delegation: I sometimes struggle with delegation. I prefer to take on responsibilities myself to
ensure everything is done correctly.
○​ However, I understand that effective teamwork is essential, especially in a role like this
where collaboration is key. To address this, I’ve been working on building trust with my
colleagues and understanding their strengths better, allowing me to delegate tasks
more effectively and foster a collaborative environment.

Q. Role of FIA on borders

"The Federal Investigation Agency (FIA) plays a crucial role in ensuring national security and
enforcing laws at Pakistan's borders. Here are key aspects of the FIA's responsibilities in this area:

1. **Border Control and Immigration Enforcement**: The FIA is responsible for regulating and
monitoring immigration processes at all entry and exit points, including airports, seaports, and land
borders. This involves preventing illegal immigration and human trafficking. The FIA conducts
thorough checks to ensure that individuals entering or leaving Pakistan possess valid travel documents
and comply with immigration laws.

2. **Combating Smuggling and Trafficking**: The FIA actively works to combat smuggling of goods,
including narcotics, arms, and contraband, which pose serious threats to national security and the
economy. For example, the FIA has been involved in various operations that target drug smuggling
networks operating along the border, demonstrating its commitment to addressing these critical issues.

3. **Counter-Terrorism Efforts**: Given the potential for cross-border terrorism, the FIA collaborates
with other law enforcement and intelligence agencies to monitor and prevent the movement of
terrorists and extremist elements. This includes sharing intelligence and conducting joint
operations to ensure that individuals with known links to terrorist activities do not cross the borders.

4. **Data Collection and Analysis**: The FIA collects and analyzes data related to border crossings to
identify trends and potential threats. This information is vital for enhancing security measures and
informing policy decisions aimed at protecting the nation's borders.

5. **International Cooperation**: The FIA engages with international law enforcement agencies and
organizations to strengthen border security and share best practices. This collaboration is crucial in
addressing transnational crimes that require a coordinated response across borders.

By fulfilling these roles, the FIA significantly contributes to maintaining the integrity of Pakistan's
borders and enhancing national security. The agency's comprehensive approach to border
management is essential in the face of evolving threats and challenges."

Q. Difference between Anti Corruption Department, NAB, and FIA?

"The Provincial Anti-Corruption Departments, the National Accountability Bureau (NAB), and the Federal
Investigation Agency (FIA) each have unique mandates and functions in combating corruption and
crime in Pakistan, and understanding their differences is essential for an effective law enforcement
strategy.

1. **Provincial Anti-Corruption Departments**:

- **Jurisdiction**: These departments operate within the provincial framework and focus on issues of
corruption specifically related to provincial government officials and departments.
- **Functions**: Their main responsibility is to investigate and prosecute cases of corruption, bribery,
and misconduct involving provincial employees. For example, if a local government official is accused
of accepting bribes for awarding contracts, the Provincial Anti-Corruption Department would handle that
case.
- **Example**: In Punjab, the Punjab Anti-Corruption Establishment (ACE) deals with corruption cases
at the provincial level, such as when a public servant is found to be misappropriating funds meant for
development projects.

2. **National Accountability Bureau (NAB)**:

- **Jurisdiction**: NAB functions at the national level and has a broader mandate to combat
corruption throughout the country.
- **Functions**: NAB is empowered to investigate, arrest, and prosecute individuals involved in
significant corruption cases, money laundering, and financial fraud. Its scope includes both public
and private sector corruption.
- **Example**: A high-profile case that NAB handled involved the investigation of former Prime Minister
Nawaz Sharif regarding corruption allegations related to the Panama Papers, where significant assets
were allegedly acquired through corrupt means.

3. **Federal Investigation Agency (FIA)**:

- **Jurisdiction**: The FIA operates at the federal level and is responsible for a wider array of crimes,
including transnational crime, cybercrime, human trafficking, and immigration offenses, in addition to
corruption.
- **Functions**: While the FIA can address corruption, it primarily focuses on organized crime and
offenses that cross borders. This includes investigating cases related to financial fraud, cyber offenses,
and human trafficking.
 - **Example**: The FIA has conducted investigations into cybercrimes where individuals have
committed fraud through online platforms, such as identity theft or scams that involve international
networks, showcasing its role in addressing crimes that transcend national boundaries.

In summary, while all three agencies aim to promote accountability and combat corruption, their focus
areas and functions differ. The Provincial Anti-Corruption Departments deal with provincial-level
corruption, NAB addresses significant corruption at a national scale, and the FIA handles a broader
spectrum of crimes, including those that involve international elements."

Q. Should we abolish NAB ? Don't you think it's useless?

"While there are valid criticisms of the National Accountability Bureau (NAB) regarding its
effectiveness and efficiency, I believe that abolishing it entirely would not be the solution. Instead, a
focus on reforming the institution could lead to a more effective approach in combating corruption.

1. **Acknowledgment of Criticism**: Many people argue that NAB has been politicized and that its
actions can appear selective, often targeting opposition figures rather than addressing corruption
uniformly. This has led to a perception that it is more about political maneuvering than genuine
accountability. For instance, various reports have highlighted concerns about NAB’s methods, including
lengthy investigations and low conviction rates, which some critics argue undermine its credibility.

2. **Importance of Accountability**: Despite these criticisms, NAB plays a crucial role in holding public
officials accountable. In a country where corruption has long been a significant issue, having an
agency dedicated to investigating and prosecuting corruption is essential. For example, NAB's
investigations into large-scale corruption cases, like those involving prominent politicians and
bureaucrats, have brought attention to issues that need to be addressed.
●​ Since its inception NAB has recovered Rs864 billion directly and indirectly.
●​ Due to vigorous prosecution of NAB, the accountability courts have convicted 1405 accused
persons besides imposing heavy fines upon them.
●​ NAB has overall conviction ratio of 66 percent in the ACs.
●​ Since its inception, NAB received a total of 405768 complaints.
○​ Out of which 405212 complaints were disposed off as per law.
●​ NAB has filed 3645 references in accountability courts since its inception
●​ NAB is also chairman of SAARC anti corruption forum which is a big success.
●​ Transparency International Pakistan, World Economic Forum, Global Peace Canada,
PILDAT, Mashal Pakistan have also appreciated NAB’s efforts
●​ whereas as per Gilani & Gallup survey, 59 percent people have expressed confidence in the
NAB. This fortifies their resolve of corruption eradication.

3. **Potential for Reform**: Instead of abolishing NAB, the focus should be on reforming its
processes to enhance transparency and accountability. This could involve implementing measures to
ensure that investigations are conducted fairly and without political bias. Additionally, improving
training for NAB officials and establishing clearer guidelines for investigations can help restore
public trust.

4. **Complementary Role with Other Agencies**: Furthermore, NAB can work in conjunction with other
agencies like the FIA and the Provincial Anti-Corruption Departments to create a more cohesive
strategy against corruption. Each agency has its strengths, and collaboration can lead to a more robust
framework for accountability.

In conclusion, while there are significant challenges facing NAB, abolishing it would not eliminate
corruption. Instead, reforming the agency to address its shortcomings while preserving its core
mandate can lead to a more effective anti-corruption strategy in Pakistan."

Q. Why ISI was established?

 ●​ The Inter-Services Intelligence (ISI) of Pakistan was established in 1948, shortly after Pakistan's
independence, primarily to strengthen intelligence-gathering efforts and to protect the
country's security and national interests.
●​ Its establishment was a response to early intelligence challenges faced by Pakistan,
particularly due to regional security concerns and the experience of the First Indo-Pakistani War
in 1947-48 over Kashmir.
●​ The ISI primarily consists of serving military officers drawn on secondment from the three service
branches of the Pakistan Armed Forces: the Pakistan Army, Pakistan Navy, and Pakistan Air
Force, hence the name "Inter-Services"; the agency also recruits civilians.
●​ Intelligence agency executive: Lt. Gen. Asim Malik, Director-General

Q. What are famous investigation agencies of UK, US, China, India, Russia, like FIA of Pakistan?
Here’s a look at major investigative agencies in the UK, US, China, India, and Russia, which perform
similar functions to the FIA of Pakistan, handling law enforcement, intelligence, and internal security.

1. **United Kingdom**
- **Scotland Yard (Metropolitan Police Service)**: The Metropolitan Police’s Criminal Investigation
Department (CID), often referred to as Scotland Yard, handles major criminal investigations, including
serious organized crime, terrorism, and drug trafficking.
- **MI5 (Security Service)**: Responsible for counterintelligence, counterterrorism, and internal
security. MI5 monitors threats to national security and works closely with law enforcement agencies.
- **National Crime Agency (NCA)**: Focuses on serious organized crime, such as drug trafficking,
child exploitation, and human trafficking. Sometimes referred to as the "British FBI."

2. **United States**
- **Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI)**: The FBI is the main federal law enforcement agency,
handling both domestic intelligence and major criminal investigations, including counterterrorism,
cybercrime, organized crime, and counterintelligence.
- **Homeland Security Investigations (HSI)**: Part of the Department of Homeland Security (DHS),
HSI focuses on immigration enforcement, human trafficking, cybercrime, and smuggling.
- **Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA)**: Primarily focused on drug-related crime and
enforcement of drug-related laws at a federal level.

3. **China**
- **Ministry of State Security (MSS)**: China’s main intelligence and security agency, responsible
for counterintelligence, counterterrorism, and national security matters. The MSS combines intelligence
operations with investigations of espionage and political threats.
- **Public Security Bureau (PSB)**: This agency is responsible for criminal investigations, public
safety, and law enforcement, handling cases related to organized crime, corruption, and major criminal
activities within China.

4. **India**
- **Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI)**: Similar to Pakistan’s FIA, the CBI handles high-profile
criminal cases, anti-corruption investigations, economic crimes, and cases assigned by the Supreme
Court or central government.
- **Enforcement Directorate (ED)**: Primarily responsible for investigating financial crimes, money
laundering, and violations of foreign exchange regulations.
- **Research and Analysis Wing (RAW)**: India’s external intelligence agency, responsible for
national security and intelligence gathering, primarily focused on external threats.

5. **Russia**
- **Federal Security Service (FSB)**: The FSB is Russia’s primary security agency for internal
security, counteri-ntelligence, and counterterrorism, akin to the FBI but with broader domestic intelligence
functions.
 - **Investigative Committee of Russia**: Known as the "Russian FBI," this committee is responsible
for investigating major criminal cases, such as corruption, organized crime, and large-scale fraud.
- **Ministry of Internal Affairs (MVD)**: Manages policing and enforcement, handling criminal cases,
public order, and various law enforcement duties across Russia.

These agencies each address national security and law enforcement issues, tailored to the specific needs
and legal frameworks of their respective countries.

Q. AI role in FIA?
●​ AI can play a transformative role in enhancing the FIA's investigative efficiency, especially as
crimes increasingly involve digital components.
●​ With AI, the FIA could automate data analysis, allowing investigators to quickly process large
volumes of data from various sources, such as social media, digital records, and surveillance
footage. This would enable faster and more accurate crime pattern detection, aiding in cases
related to cybercrime, money laundering, and terrorism.
●​ Moreover, AI can assist in predictive policing by analyzing past crime data to identify
potential future hotspots or individuals at risk of criminal involvement.
●​ In counter-terrorism, AI-based algorithms can assist in monitoring communication networks
for suspicious activity. Advanced tools like facial recognition and natural language
processing (NLP) can help track suspects or detect illicit activity across digital spaces more
effectively.
●​ For instance, other global agencies like the FBI and INTERPOL have already integrated AI for
similar purposes, which shows that AI can not only increase the speed of investigations but
also improve the accuracy of crime-solving efforts within the FIA.

Q. Any interaction with FIA?

●​ No
Q. Name of 3 female Prime ministers of UK?
●​ Margaret Thatcher (1979–1990) - The first woman to serve as Prime Minister, Thatcher was the
leader of the Conservative Party. Known as the "Iron Lady," she was influential in transforming
the UK’s economy with her free-market policies.
●​ Theresa May (2016–2019) - Also from the Conservative Party, May became Prime Minister
following the Brexit referendum. Her tenure focused heavily on negotiating the UK's exit from
the European Union.
●​ Liz Truss (2022) - The most recent female Prime Minister, Truss served a brief term. She also
represented the Conservative Party and focused on economic reform, though her term was
short-lived due to controversies around her economic policies.
●​
Q. Name the women who actively participate in the Pakistan movement...
●​ Fatima Jinnah: Known as the "Mother of the Nation," Fatima Jinnah was the sister of
Muhammad Ali Jinnah and played a key role in mobilizing women in support of the Pakistan
Movement. She was a strong advocate for women’s involvement in the political process and
supported her brother’s vision for Pakistan.
●​ Begum Ra'ana Liaquat Ali Khan: The wife of Liaquat Ali Khan (Pakistan's first Prime Minister),
she was instrumental in organizing women’s support for the Pakistan Movement. She
founded the All Pakistan Women’s Association (APWA) and worked to advance women's
rights and welfare after independence.
●​ Begum Jahanara Shahnawaz: A prominent political activist and member of the All India Muslim
League, Jahanara Shahnawaz was one of the few women to participate in the 1946 Constituent
Assembly session that laid the groundwork for Pakistan.
●​ Bi Amma (Abadi Bano Begum): The mother of Maulana Mohammad Ali Johar and Maulana
Shaukat Ali, Bi Amma was an early supporter of the independence movement. Though elderly,
she was an influential voice, encouraging Muslim women to participate in the political process.

Q. Companions of the prophet who were slaves..

 ●​ Bilal ibn Rabah (RA): One of the most famous companions, Bilal was of Ethiopian descent and
became one of the earliest converts to Islam. His master subjected him to severe torture due to
his faith, but he was eventually freed by Abu Bakr (RA). Bilal was honored as the first muezzin
(caller to prayer) in Islam and is remembered for his unwavering faith and dedication.
●​ Zayd ibn Harithah (RA): Zayd was initially captured in a raid and sold as a slave, eventually
being gifted to Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) by Khadijah (RA). The Prophet later freed Zayd
and adopted him as his son, treating him as family. Zayd went on to become one of the
Prophet’s close companions and a skilled military commander, leading several expeditions.
●​ Ammar ibn Yasir (RA): Although not directly enslaved, Ammar faced severe persecution
alongside his family because they were of lower social status and had little protection in Makkah.
His parents, Yasir and Sumayyah, were among the first martyrs in Islam due to their unwavering
faith.
●​ Salman al-Farsi (RA): Originally from Persia, Salman searched for spiritual truth and eventually
found Islam. He was enslaved while journeying to find knowledge and later freed by the Prophet
Muhammad (PBUH). Salman contributed significantly to Islamic strategy during the Battle of the
Trench.

Q. If powerful personality influence you to change results...

●​ "If I were faced with a situation where a powerful personality or even a senior officer pressured
me to change results or commit illegal acts, I would firmly adhere to my ethical
responsibilities as an FIA inspector.
○​ Integrity and the rule of law are paramount in our work, and I believe that
succumbing to such pressures would not only compromise my principles but also
undermine the integrity of the FIA and the trust of the public.
●​ In such a scenario, I would first seek to communicate my concerns directly and clearly,
expressing that altering results or engaging in illegal activities goes against the values of
justice and accountability that we uphold.
●​ If the pressure continues, I would document the interactions and report them to higher
authorities or the appropriate oversight body, as necessary.
I understand that these situations can be challenging, but I believe that standing firm in the face of
wrongdoing is crucial for maintaining the credibility of the agency. By taking the right steps, I would also
hope to encourage a culture of transparency and accountability within the FIA."

Q. Why Jerusalem is important

Judaism:
●​ Jerusalem is the holiest city in Judaism. It is home to the Western Wall, a remnant of the Second
Temple, which is the most sacred site for Jewish prayer and pilgrimage. The city is associated
with numerous biblical events, including King David establishing it as his capital and Solomon
building the First Temple there. The longing for Jerusalem is also expressed in Jewish prayers
and traditions.
Christianity:
●​ For Christians, Jerusalem is significant as the site of Jesus Christ's crucifixion, resurrection,
and ascension. Key locations such as the Church of the Holy Sepulchre, which is believed to
be the site of Jesus's burial and resurrection, attract millions of pilgrims annually. The city is
central to many events recorded in the New Testament, making it vital to Christian faith and
history.
Islam:
●​ In Islam, Jerusalem is revered as the location of Al-Aqsa Mosque and the Dome of the Rock,
where it is believed that Prophet Muhammad ascended to heaven during the Night Journey (Isra
and Mi'raj). It is considered the third holiest city in Islam after Mecca and Medina, with many
Muslims facing Jerusalem in prayer.

Q. What are 40 recommendations of FATF?

Examples of Specific Recommendations:
 ●​ Customer Due Diligence (CDD): Financial institutions must verify the identity of clients, including
beneficial owners, before establishing business relationships.
●​ Record-Keeping: Institutions must retain records of transactions for at least five years.
●​ Suspicious Transaction Reports (STRs): Financial institutions are required to report any
transactions that they suspect are related to criminal activity.
●​ Politically Exposed Persons (PEPs): Financial institutions must implement enhanced due
diligence for clients who are politically exposed individuals.
●​ Wire Transfers: Accurate information about the origin of wire transfers must be maintained to
prevent misuse.

Q. What Pakistan did regarding getting out of grey list?

●​ To get off the FATF "grey list," Pakistan implemented a series of measures to comply with the
FATF’s 40 Recommendations and address deficiencies in its anti-money laundering (AML) and
counter-terrorism financing (CFT) framework. Here’s an overview of the steps Pakistan took:
1. **Strengthening AML/CFT Laws**:
●​ - Pakistan amended several laws to strengthen its AML/CFT framework, including the
**Anti-Money Laundering Act** and the **Anti-Terrorism Act**. These changes aimed to align
Pakistan’s regulations with international standards and provide a legal basis for prosecuting
money laundering and terrorist financing cases more effectively.
2. **Enhanced Financial Monitoring and Regulations**:
●​ - The State Bank of Pakistan (SBP) and the Securities and Exchange Commission of Pakistan
(SECP) introduced stricter financial regulations, requiring banks and other financial institutions
to perform **enhanced due diligence** on high-risk customers and report **suspicious
transactions** to the **Financial Monitoring Unit (FMU)**.
●​ - Pakistan also strengthened oversight of **Designated Non-Financial Businesses and
Professions (DNFBPs)**, such as real estate agents and jewelers, to ensure these sectors were
not misused for money laundering or terrorism financing.
3. **Targeted Sanctions and Enforcement Actions**:
●​ - Pakistan implemented **targeted financial sanctions** against individuals and entities
associated with terrorism, freezing assets and imposing restrictions on those included in UN
sanctions lists.
●​ - The government pursued cases and filed charges against individuals and organizations
involved in financing terrorism, showing progress on FATF’s requirement for an **effective
prosecution and enforcement mechanism**.
4. **Better Coordination and Inter-Agency Collaboration**:
●​ - The establishment of **joint task forces** and better inter-agency coordination among the
Federal Investigation Agency (FIA), the National Accountability Bureau (NAB), and other
agencies helped Pakistan conduct **complex financial investigations** and bring perpetrators to
justice.
●​ - Pakistan also improved its **Mutual Legal Assistance (MLA)** process, facilitating
international cooperation with other countries on AML/CFT cases.
5. **Awareness and Training Programs**:
●​ - Training programs were conducted for law enforcement and regulatory agencies to improve
their understanding of FATF requirements and help them recognize and respond to AML/CFT
risks.
●​ - Public and private sector awareness programs were introduced to ensure that financial
institutions and other stakeholders were well-informed about AML/CFT obligations.
6. **International Cooperation and Compliance Reporting**:
●​ - Pakistan demonstrated its commitment to compliance by regularly updating FATF on its
progress. This included **submitting reports** detailing its actions and the results achieved in
addressing FATF's 27-point action plan.

These steps led to FATF's acknowledgment of Pakistan's progress, and in October 2022, Pakistan was
officially removed from the grey list after FATF recognized that Pakistan had addressed all items on its
action plan. This removal had positive implications for Pakistan’s economy, as it improved the country's
image globally and reduced potential financial risks in terms of international trade and investment.
Pakistan hit with $38 billion loss due to FATF grey list—--The Economic Times

Q. If you are shift in charge as an FIA inspector at Airport, what challenges do you face?
●​ "As a shift-in-charge at an airport, I would face a range of challenges, including security
management, passenger scrutiny, and resource allocation.
●​ One of the primary responsibilities is ensuring vigilant screening for potential threats, which
involves keeping a close eye on high-risk passengers and working with security technology to
detect illegal activities like smuggling and unauthorized immigration. Each of these issues
demands keen awareness and the ability to assess situations in real time.
●​ Additionally, collaboration across multiple agencies—such as customs, local police, and
intelligence services—is essential to create a secure environment and respond effectively to
emergencies. This coordination requires strong communication skills and the ability to work
under high-pressure situations, particularly when handling sensitive cases or high-profile
passengers.
●​ Lastly, I would need to manage workforce logistics, ensuring that team members are
positioned appropriately, well-informed, and prepared to handle any unexpected issues, including
technology malfunctions or policy changes. Overall, staying vigilant, organized, and adaptable
is crucial to overcome these challenges and maintain a secure, efficient airport environment."

Q. What is the difference between leader and statesman?

The terms "leader" and "statesman" often refer to distinct qualities and approaches in political and public
life, although they can overlap.

Leader: A leader is someone who influences, directs, or motivates a group of people to achieve specific
goals. Leaders often focus on immediate results and may prioritize popular or short-term actions to
maintain support and meet current challenges. Leaders can vary in style and approach, from
charismatic to authoritarian, depending on their objectives and the needs of their followers. In a political
context, a leader may emphasize policy implementation, effective management, and achieving results,
even if it involves making controversial or divisive decisions.
●​ Example: Leaders like Winston Churchill during World War II took decisive actions to address
urgent crises. Though controversial at times, Churchill’s leadership style was geared towards
immediate problem-solving and rallying public support.

Statesman: A statesman, by contrast, is a leader who acts with long-term vision, integrity, and a
commitment to the greater good beyond personal or immediate political gain. Statesmen focus on
principles, ethical governance, and policies that benefit future generations, often putting national or
global interests above popularity. Statesmanship requires a balance of wisdom, diplomacy, and a
sense of duty to society.
●​ Example: Nelson Mandela is often cited as a statesman for his dedication to reconciliation,
justice, and long-term peace in South Africa, even at the expense of his own popularity or
immediate political gain.
In essence, all statesmen are leaders, but not all leaders are statesmen. A leader may prioritize the
present, while a statesman is deeply invested in a legacy of integrity and lasting impact. The statesman’s
role is often marked by service beyond self, showing restraint, wisdom, and a commitment to ideals that
endure across generations.

Q. What is contraband?
Contraband refers to any goods that are illegal to possess, import, export, or transport under the
laws of a particular country. This term is commonly used in customs, law enforcement, and legal
contexts, and it can include a variety of prohibited items depending on the jurisdiction.

Types of Contraband:
●​ Narcotics and Controlled Substances: Illegal drugs or substances that are restricted under law,
such as cocaine, heroin, or unlicensed prescription medications.
●​ Weapons: Firearms, explosives, and other restricted weapons, which may be controlled for
import or export.
 ●​ Counterfeit Goods: Items that infringe on trademarks or copyrights, such as fake designer
products or pirated media.
●​ Prohibited or Restricted Imports/Exports: Items like endangered species (illegal wildlife
trade), cultural artifacts, or certain electronics banned due to export restrictions.

Q. What is Blue Collar crime?

Blue-collar crime refers to crimes typically committed by individuals from working or lower
socioeconomic classes, and it often involves direct, visible forms of illegal activity rather than
complex or sophisticated schemes.
●​ These crimes are often motivated by immediate financial need, opportunity, or social
conditions and
●​ are usually enforced by local police or regional law enforcement agencies.

Common Types of Blue-Collar Crime:

●​ Theft and Burglary: Crimes involving the unlawful taking of property, such as shoplifting,
residential burglary, or car theft.
●​ Assault and Battery: Violent crimes involving physical attacks or threats to others.
●​ Drug Offenses: Possession, distribution, or manufacturing of illegal drugs, which is commonly
associated with blue-collar crime.
●​ Vandalism: Destruction or defacing of property, such as graffiti or property damage.
●​ Public Order Crimes: Offenses like public intoxication, disorderly conduct, or loitering.

Comparison with White-Collar Crime:

White-collar crime, by contrast, is typically committed by individuals in professional or higher
socioeconomic classes and often involves financial deceit or fraud (e.g., embezzlement, insider
trading). Blue-collar crime, however, is more frequently associated with immediate acts of harm or
property damage that are easier to identify and prosecute.

In Pakistan, blue-collar crimes are generally addressed by local police and courts, while serious cases
may involve federal agencies, especially if they overlap with organized crime or terrorism.

Q. Grey paper, white paper, black paper

In government and policy contexts, Grey Paper, White Paper, and Black Paper each represent distinct
types of documents with specific purposes and characteristics:

1. White Paper:
●​ Purpose: A white paper is an authoritative report that provides information, analysis, or
proposals on a particular issue, often to aid in decision-making or inform policy. Governments
and organizations use white papers to present their positions, suggest solutions, or explain the
benefits of certain actions.
2. Grey Paper:
●​ Purpose: Grey papers fall between white and black papers, providing information that may
be less formal or still under development. They are often released for consultation, inviting
feedback from stakeholders before a final version is published as a white paper or policy.
3. Black Paper:
●​ Purpose: Black papers are critical reports that often highlight the negative aspects or failures
of policies, practices, or proposals. They may be used to challenge existing policies or criticize
proposals by drawing attention to potential issues or risks.

Q. What is your biggest achievement in life post education/degree ?

●​ Resilience and persevernce
○​ Despite temporary failures in competitive exams continued my efforts
●​ Gaining the trust and confidence of my Manager and team members
 ○​ "My biggest achievement post-education was my job experience], where I was
responsible for quality analysis of drugs. This accomplishment required not only
persistence and hard work but also a high level of precision, focus integrity and
dedication to my goals. Through this experience, I learned the importance of discipline,
resilience, and teamwork, all of which align with the values that an FIA Inspector
upholds.

Q. How many crusade wars ?

The Crusades were a series of religious wars between Christians and Muslims started primarily to
secure control of holy sites considered sacred by both groups. In all, eight or nine major Crusade
expeditions—varying in size, strength and degree of success—occurred between 1096 and 1291.

Q. Iqbal's verses on Ummah

●​ "Ek hoon Muslim haram ki paasbani ke liye / Neel ke saahil se le kar Taaba
khaak-e-Kashghar"
(Let every Muslim stand united in protecting the sacred mosque, from the shores of the Nile to the
land of Kashghar)

Q. Espionage, sabotage, subversive activities

The terms **espionage**, **sabotage**, and **subversive activities** refer to different forms of covert and
destructive actions often aimed at undermining a nation's security, stability, or interests. Each term has
specific meanings and applications in the fields of national security and intelligence:

1. **Espionage**
- **Definition**: Espionage, or spying, is the act of secretly gathering sensitive or classified
information for the purpose of gaining an advantage, often on behalf of a government or organization. It
is typically conducted by intelligence agents or informants who infiltrate other countries, corporations, or
organizations.
- **Examples**: Espionage can include the theft of state secrets, corporate espionage to obtain
proprietary information, or surveillance activities.
●​ Notable examples include Cold War espionage between the United States and the Soviet
Union, as well as cyber-espionage activities in recent years by various nations targeting
governmental and private sector information.

2. **Sabotage**
- **Definition**: Sabotage involves deliberately damaging or disrupting an enemy’s resources,
infrastructure, or operations. The aim is to weaken the target’s capabilities, usually in a way that is
difficult to detect immediately.
- **Examples**: Acts of sabotage might include destroying military supplies, damaging
transportation systems, or disrupting communication lines. During World War II, for instance,
resistance movements frequently sabotaged Nazi supply chains and infrastructure. In the modern
context, cyber-sabotage can target critical infrastructure such as power grids or financial systems.

3. **Subversive Activities**
- **Definition**: Subversion is the act of undermining or destabilizing the established social,
political, or economic order, often to replace it with a different system. Subversive activities can
include spreading propaganda, organizing dissident groups, or inciting uprisings to weaken a
government or institution.
- **Examples**: Subversive activities are often carried out through disinformation campaigns,
infiltration of institutions, and support for dissident factions. For example, during the Cold War, both the
United States and the Soviet Union funded and supported subversive activities to influence governments
around the world in alignment with their own ideological goals.

Each of these activities has serious implications for national security, as they can erode trust, destabilize
institutions, and threaten a nation's sovereignty. Various countries have established counterintelligence
and security measures to detect and prevent such actions, often assigning dedicated agencies to manage
espionage and counter-subversion efforts.

Q. Attributes of a good IO
●​ Persistence and Patience
○​ Investigations can be lengthy and challenging, often requiring hours of tedious work
and the ability to withstand setbacks. A good investigation officer remains determined
and persistent, even in the face of obstacles.
●​ Communication Skills
○​ Clear communication is vital for interviewing witnesses, questioning suspects, and
writing detailed reports. Effective listening and questioning techniques help gather
accurate information, while concise reporting ensures that findings are easily understood
by others.
●​ Integrity and Objectivity
○​ Ethical standards and impartiality are crucial for maintaining trust and fairness.
Investigators must resist external pressures and biases, ensuring that their findings
are based solely on evidence and not on preconceived notions or influence from
others.
●​ Legal Knowledge
○​ Understanding legal protocols and procedures ensures that investigations are
conducted within the framework of the law. Familiarity with relevant laws, rights, and
regulations helps an officer avoid legal pitfalls and enhances the credibility of their work in
court.
●​ Critical Thinking and Problem-Solving
○​ Investigators need to think creatively to overcome challenges, develop new angles, and
work through complex scenarios. Being adaptable and resourceful in problem-solving
allows officers to handle unique cases effectively.
●​ Emotional Intelligence
○​ Empathy and emotional resilience are essential for handling sensitive situations and
maintaining composure under pressure. Emotional intelligence helps in building rapport
with witnesses, managing victims' emotions, and staying level-headed during tense
moments.
●​ Teamwork and Coordination
○​ Investigations often involve collaboration with various agencies, departments, or
experts. Effective teamwork and coordination skills help an investigator work seamlessly
with others to gather information and share resources.

Q. Biggest problem of Pak

1. Economic Instability
●​ Pakistan faces a severe economic crisis, marked by high inflation, a heavy reliance on foreign
loans, and low foreign exchange reserves. The country struggles with a persistent trade
deficit, limited industrial growth, and high levels of unemployment.
○​ Examples: Inflation reached unprecedented levels in recent years, severely affecting the
cost of basic goods and living standards for average citizens. Additionally, Pakistan has
had to approach the IMF multiple times for bailout packages.
2. Political Instability and Corruption
●​ Political turmoil and frequent changes in government have hindered consistent policy-making
and economic reform. Corruption and nepotism are also pervasive, eroding public trust in
institutions and limiting foreign investments.
○​ Examples: The Panama Papers and other scandals have brought attention to corruption
at the highest levels. Political instability has also been fueled by a lack of effective
governance and internal divisions among parties, slowing down much-needed reform
efforts.
3. Energy Crisis
 ●​ Pakistan has faced an ongoing energy crisis, with regular power outages affecting both urban and
rural areas. This disrupts businesses, affects daily life, and hampers economic productivity.
○​ Examples: Load-shedding and gas shortages are regular occurrences, and industries
face high energy costs, impacting production and exports. This energy gap is often filled
by expensive imports, which worsen the economic deficit.
4. Security Concerns
●​ Pakistan has had longstanding security challenges, from terrorism and extremism to
cross-border tensions. While there have been significant improvements, some areas remain
volatile.
○​ Examples: Efforts to counter terrorism, such as the military’s Zarb-e-Azb and
Radd-ul-Fasaad operations, have reduced incidents, but challenges remain, especially in
the border areas with Afghanistan.

Q. Politicization in FIA
●​ Politicization is a challenge in many institutions, and the FIA is not immune. Political influences
can sometimes affect transparency, autonomy, and public trust in an organization.
●​ "Yes, it’s understandable that the public may perceive the FIA as politically influenced. This
perception often arises from high-profile cases that can attract media coverage and public
scrutiny, especially when cases involve political figures. However, it’s essential to recognize
that while public perception can sometimes reflect reality, it can also be shaped by
misinformation, lack of awareness, or even attempts to undermine the agency's credibility.
●​ To address and minimize this perception, I would focus on three key approaches:
○​ Transparency in Procedures: By ensuring that our investigative processes are
transparent and follow clearly defined protocols, we can demonstrate to the public that
decisions are based on evidence and not external influence.
○​ Strengthening Internal Accountability: Establishing stronger oversight mechanisms
within the FIA helps ensure that cases are handled ethically and independently. This
includes internal audits and monitoring to prevent undue influence.
○​ Public Engagement and Education: Educating the public on the role, limitations, and
independence of the FIA can also help mitigate misunderstandings. When people are
informed about how investigations are conducted, it can reduce doubts about political
motives.
Q. ACW and ACE
●​ Anti-Corruption Establishment (ACE),
○​ Punjab is an attached department of Services and General Administration
Department (S&GAD), Government of the Punjab. It is dedicated to nip corruption in
the bud from the provincial government departments and services. In order to bar
the white collar crime; on one side, it bears the responsibility of eradication of corruption
by multidimensional flow of information and awareness among general masses, while
reacting against corrupt practices on the other side, within the government parameters.
○​ It adopts an approach of a vigilant watchdog, ensuring vivid accountability and absolute
application of law enforcement on public servants. Potent achievements of the
department include massive recoveries of public wealth, arrest of various public
trust abusers and stoppage of corruption likely to happen at certain instants.
●​ DG ACE Punjab: Sir Sohail Zafar Chatha (Feb 2023 - Till Date)

Justice sahib :
Q. 3 PMs in Musharraf's era
●​ Mir Zafarullah Khan Jamali
●​ Chaudhry Shujaat Hussain
●​ Shaukat Aziz
Q. 3 interim PMs of Pak
●​ Muhammad Mian Soomro—- before 2008 elections
●​ Mir Hazar Khan Khoso —-- before 2013 elections
●​ Nasirul Mulk —- before 2018 elections
●​ Anwar-ul-Haq Kakar —-- before 8 February 2024 elections
Q. 3 COAS's before Musharraf
The designation of the Chief of the Army Staff was created from the previous title Commander-in-Chief of
the Pakistan Army in 1972.
●​ General Tikka Khan
●​ Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq
●​ General Mirza Aslam Beg
●​ General Asif Nawaz Janjua
●​ General Abdul Waheed Kakar
●​ General Jehangir Karamat
●​ General Pervez Musharraf

Q. 3 CJP before Musharraf

Pakistan's longest-serving chief justice was Mohammad Haleem for total of 3,205 days.
The shortest-serving chief justice was Muhammad Shahabuddin.
Iftikhar Muhammad Chaudhry is the only justice to have served non-consecutive terms, for a total of
three terms with total of 2,480 days
●​ Sir Mian Abdul Rashid—1st
●​ Muhammad Munir— 2nd
●​ Muhammad Shahabuddin†—- 3rd
●​ A.R. Cornelius— 4th
●​ Hamoodur Rahman†—-7th
●​ Mohammad Haleem— 10th
●​ 25​ Mian Saqib Nisar
●​ 26​ Asif Saeed Khan Khosa
●​ 27​ Gulzar Ahmed
●​ 28​ Umar Ata Bandial
●​ 29​ Qazi Faez Isa
●​ 30​ Yahya Afridi

Q. First President of Pak

●​ 1 Iskandar Ali Mirza
●​ 2 Ayub Khan

Q. Agr ap ky samny murder ho jay to kia ap usko arrest kr skty ho as an inspector FIA?
●​ "In general, the FIA’s mandate primarily covers federal offenses under specific laws such as
anti-corruption, anti-human trafficking, cybercrimes, and financial crimes. Typically, murder falls
under provincial jurisdiction and is dealt with by the local police, as it is a crime under
Pakistan Penal Code (PPC) rather than federal law.
●​ However, if an FIA officer witnesses a murder, they can take immediate action to apprehend
the suspect as a preventive measure under their authority as a public servant and to
prevent harm to the public. Once the individual is detained, the FIA would typically hand over
the suspect to the local police for formal investigation and prosecution, since murder falls
outside the FIA’s jurisdiction.
●​ This approach upholds both public safety and jurisdictional boundaries, ensuring that each
agency works within its mandate."

Q. Agr Karachi main blast ho jay to kia FIA foran wahan akar karwai kr skti ha?
Yes, the FIA (Federal Investigation Agency) can act on incidents such as bomb blasts in Karachi or any
other city in Pakistan, but there are specific protocols and responsibilities involved.

1. **Jurisdiction and Responsibilities**:

- The FIA primarily focuses on federal crimes, including terrorism, organized crime, and cybercrime.
When a blast occurs, the immediate response typically falls under the jurisdiction of local law
enforcement agencies, such as the police.
 - However, if the incident is linked to terrorism or has implications for national security, the FIA can
be involved, especially if there are indications of organized crime networks or if the incident
involves multiple jurisdictions.

2. **Collaboration with Other Agencies**:

- The FIA works in conjunction with other law enforcement and intelligence agencies, such as the
**Counter Terrorism Department (CTD)** and **Intelligence Bureau (IB)**. This collaboration is essential
for gathering intelligence and conducting investigations.
- For example, if a bombing is suspected to be coordinated by a larger terrorist organization, the
FIA may coordinate with local police and military intelligence to track down suspects and gather evidence.

3. **Immediate Action**:
- Upon notification of a bombing, the FIA can initiate investigations focusing on any potential links
to terrorism, financial crimes, or cyber activities related to the attack. They would gather intelligence,
analyze evidence, and support local police investigations.
- The FIA has specialized units trained to handle terrorism-related cases and can mobilize quickly to
assist in investigations, particularly if there are ongoing threats or additional attacks anticipated.

4. **Legal Framework**:
- The **Anti-Terrorism Act (ATA) 1997** empowers the FIA to investigate acts of terrorism. Under this
act, they can operate swiftly to gather evidence, arrest suspects, and facilitate trials in anti-terrorism
courts.
- Additionally, if international connections or networks are involved, the FIA can leverage international
cooperation for investigations.

Conclusion:
In summary, while the immediate response to a blast is typically managed by local police, the FIA can
act promptly to investigate the incident, particularly if it has national security implications or
involves organized crime. Their collaboration with other agencies ensures a comprehensive approach
to countering terrorism and related threats in Pakistan.

Q. Kia FIA ki koi inherent power ha?

●​ Like the PTA, FIA has no inherent power to investigate and prosecute offences under Peca. While
the PTA derives authority subject to the provisions of Section 37, similarly, the FIA derives powers
under Section 29 of Peca which designates it as the investigation agency “under the Act”.
●​ Section 53 of Peca requires biannual reports to be submitted to parliament by the FIA.
Examples in Context
●​ Law Enforcement Agencies: Police departments have inherent powers to protect citizens,
investigate crimes, and enforce laws even if specific legislation does not outline every action
they can take.
●​ Emergency Services: Firefighters and emergency medical services (EMS) possess inherent
powers to act quickly during emergencies to save lives, even if specific laws do not dictate every
procedure.
●​ Courts: Inherent powers of High Court are very wide and undefinable. High Court can make all
such orders which may do real and substantial justice.

Q. Agr koi pakistani overseas crime kry to kia usky against pakistan main bhi karwai kry gi FIA?
Yes, the FIA (Federal Investigation Agency) in Pakistan can investigate a Pakistani citizen who commits a
crime outside the country under certain conditions. This jurisdiction often depends on the nature of the
crime, its impact on Pakistan, and existing legal frameworks that allow the FIA to act on international
matters involving Pakistani nationals. Key factors include Pakistan’s national laws and international
treaties.

Legal Framework and Examples

1. **Extraterritorial Jurisdiction under Pakistani Law**:
- Pakistani laws such as the **Prevention of Electronic Crimes Act (PECA) 2016** and the
**Anti-Terrorism Act (ATA) 1997** provide for extraterritorial jurisdiction. This means that if a Pakistani
commits certain crimes abroad that fall under these laws, the FIA can investigate and potentially
prosecute them upon their return to Pakistan.
- For example, if a Pakistani citizen engages in cybercrimes, terrorism-related activities, or human
trafficking outside Pakistan, the FIA has the authority to investigate under these laws. This applies to
crimes that may impact Pakistan’s national security or involve international crime networks.

2. **Cybercrime Example**:
- If a Pakistani citizen is involved in cybercrimes such as hacking or online fraud against Pakistani
institutions or individuals while abroad, the FIA can investigate.
●​ An example is when Pakistani nationals engage in **financial fraud schemes or online
scams** affecting Pakistan’s citizens or financial institutions from abroad. In such cases, PECA
provides a basis for the FIA to initiate an investigation, especially if the criminal returns to
Pakistan.

3. **Human Trafficking and Smuggling**:

- Human trafficking and smuggling of Pakistani nationals from abroad is another area where the FIA has
intervened. If a Pakistani is involved in the trafficking or smuggling of individuals from one country to
another, especially with connections to Pakistan, the FIA’s **Anti-Human Trafficking Unit**
investigates. This includes cases where Pakistani traffickers are identified abroad and have ongoing
criminal activities linked back to Pakistan.

4. **Terrorism**:
- The **Anti-Terrorism Act** empowers Pakistani authorities, including the FIA, to investigate cases
involving terrorism committed by Pakistanis abroad, particularly if there is a direct threat to Pakistan’s
national security.
●​ For instance, if a Pakistani citizen is found to be financing terrorism from another country or
engaging in terrorist activities with implications for Pakistan, the FIA can investigate these
activities upon gathering sufficient evidence.

5. **Mutual Legal Assistance and Interpol**:

- The FIA collaborates with **Interpol** and other international agencies for crimes that fall under
global jurisdiction. Through mutual legal assistance treaties, Pakistan can request evidence or
extradition for prosecution in Pakistan.
●​ An example includes cases where **Interpol issues red notices** for Pakistani nationals
involved in serious crimes abroad, allowing the FIA to track and investigate them if they return to
Pakistan.

Conclusion
The FIA’s ability to investigate Pakistanis for crimes committed abroad is grounded in specific laws like
PECA, ATA, and international collaboration agreements. While certain cases might require extradition
treaties or international cooperation, the FIA has increasing authority to address and investigate
cross-border crimes involving Pakistani citizens, especially those with implications for Pakistan’s national
security or interests.

Q. Cyber Terrorism?
●​ **Cyber terrorism** refers to the use of digital means, particularly the internet, by individuals
or groups to carry out terror-related activities that aim to cause significant harm, fear, or
disruption.
●​ Unlike conventional terrorism, which relies on physical violence, cyber terrorism involves
attacking or threatening to attack the digital infrastructure and systems essential to
national security, public safety, and economic stability. This can include government
websites, financial systems, power grids, and other critical infrastructure.
Key Aspects of Cyber Terrorism

1. **Types of Attacks**:
- **Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) Attacks**: Flooding servers with traffic to make systems
unavailable to users.
- **Malware and Ransomware**: Inserting malicious software that can damage or take control of
systems. Ransomware is especially dangerous as it locks critical data until a ransom is paid.
- **Hacking and Data Theft**: Accessing and stealing sensitive data, including government or personal
information, which can be used for further harm.
- **Defacement**: Altering government or influential websites to spread propaganda, creating fear or
instability.

2. **Objectives of Cyber Terrorism**:

- **Disruption**: Interfering with the normal functioning of critical infrastructure to create panic,
confusion, or economic harm.
- **Intimidation**: Instilling fear in the public or government, thereby achieving political or ideological
goals.
- **Propaganda and Recruitment**: Using digital platforms to spread messages, recruit supporters, or
gather funds for terrorist activities.

3. **Examples of Cyber Terrorism Incidents**:

●​ Data Breaches on Government Websites: Pakistani government websites have been
attacked multiple times by cyber terrorists, often resulting in data breaches or defacement. For
example, the Pakistan Ministry of Foreign Affairs and other government departments have
experienced hacks attributed to politically motivated groups seeking to display propaganda
messages or disrupt services.
●​ Banking Sector Cyber Attacks (2018): In 2018, a major cyber attack targeted Pakistan’s
banking sector, where over 19,000 debit and credit cards were compromised. The incident
was one of the largest data breaches in Pakistan's history, with details of bank customers
being sold on the dark web. This attack was suspected to involve international cybercriminals
and underscored vulnerabilities in Pakistan’s financial cybersecurity framework.
●​ Cyber Attack on K-Electric (2020): In 2020, a ransomware attack targeted K-Electric,
Pakistan’s largest electricity distributor, leading to severe operational disruptions. The
attackers demanded a ransom, causing delays in billing and customer services. This attack
highlighted the threat to Pakistan’s critical infrastructure, potentially impacting public safety and
economic activities if such attacks become more frequent.

4. **Preventive Measures**:
- **Strengthening Cybersecurity**: Governments are investing in robust cybersecurity measures to
protect critical infrastructure from potential attacks.
- **International Collaboration**: Many countries collaborate on intelligence-sharing to counter cyber
threats, as cyber terrorism is a global concern.
- **Public Awareness**: Educating the public and organizations about cybersecurity best practices to
reduce vulnerabilities to cyber attacks.

Challenges in Combating Cyber Terrorism

Cyber terrorism is challenging to address because attacks can be conducted from anywhere globally, and
it is often difficult to attribute them to specific individuals or groups. Additionally, as technology evolves, so
do the tactics of cyber terrorists, requiring continuous advancement in cybersecurity measures and
international cooperation to combat the threat effectively.

Q. Khalid bin waleed kis jang main shaheed huy? Q. Wo kio shaheed na ho sky?
●​ Hazrat Khalid bin Waleed (R.A.), known as "Saifullah" or the "Sword of Allah," did not attain
martyrdom on the battlefield. Despite being one of the greatest military commanders in Islamic
 history and leading numerous battles, he passed away in his bed due to illness in 642 CE (21
AH) in Homs, Syria. He is reported to have expressed a wish to be martyred, as he had always
fought courageously, but he recognized that he died a natural death according to Allah’s will.
●​ This reflects a significant aspect of his life, as he fought many battles, including the Battles of
Uhud, Mu'tah, Yarmouk, and several others, yet did not die in combat. His passing on a sickbed is
often seen as symbolic of Allah's unique plan for him.

Q. Hazrat umer ny unko jang sy wapas kio bulaya tha?

Q. Iqbal Chair kia hoti ha?

●​ Iqbal Chair has been established in various universities such as Bahria University and Punjab
university with the purpose of disseminating and encouraging the students and faculty in Iqbal's
philosophy of personal and national development.
●​ The Chair is provides an opportunity for scholars to deliberate on Muslim philosophical thought
of Allama Muhammad Iqbal through his published works. The Chair focuses on promotion of
research and dissemination of ‫ فکر اقبال‬in an academic way.

Fia role in national security

●​ The **Federal Investigation Agency (FIA)** plays a crucial role in Pakistan's national security by
focusing on law enforcement in areas related to cybercrime, anti-terrorism, human trafficking,
financial crime, and internal security. Here are some key aspects of the FIA's role in enhancing
national security:

1. **Counterterrorism and Counter-Extremism**

- The FIA is responsible for investigating cases related to terrorism financing and extremism within
Pakistan. This includes tracking the movement of funds that may be used to support terrorist activities.
The FIA's **Counter Terrorism Wing (CTW)** works with other agencies to monitor and neutralize
internal threats.
- Through partnerships with international bodies like the **Financial Action Task Force (FATF)**, the FIA
helps Pakistan meet global anti-terrorism standards by tackling money laundering and funding sources for
extremist groups.

2. **Cybersecurity and Cybercrime Prevention**

- The **Cyber Crime Wing (CCW)** of the FIA is tasked with preventing cyberattacks on national
infrastructure, securing government data, and protecting Pakistani citizens from digital crimes. The FIA
investigates hacking attempts, online fraud, and breaches in cybersecurity, which are increasingly
important to national security in a digitally interconnected world.
- The FIA also collaborates with local and international bodies to improve cyber resilience and
counteract cross-border cyber threats that can compromise national security .

3. **Human Trafficking and Border Security**

- The FIA is instrumental in combating human trafficking and illegal immigration. By investigating and
dismantling human trafficking networks, the FIA not only protects vulnerable populations but also
secures Pakistan’s borders against illegal entry, which could be exploited by criminals and terrorists.
- Its **Immigration Wing** monitors and regulates both legal and illegal immigration activities at
airports and border crossings, reducing risks associated with human trafficking and undocumented
immigration.

4. **Financial Crime Prevention**

- The FIA’s **Anti-Corruption Wing** plays a critical role in fighting financial crimes, such as
corruption and money laundering, which directly affect Pakistan's economic stability. By
investigating high-profile corruption cases, the FIA works to ensure a more transparent economy, which is
essential for national security.
- The agency's work with FATF helps ensure that Pakistan is not exploited as a base for money
laundering, thereby reducing avenues for terrorist financing and other financial crimes.
5. **International Collaboration and Information Sharing**
- The FIA collaborates with international law enforcement agencies, like Interpol, and participates in
intelligence sharing with global partners. This international cooperation helps Pakistan track threats that
have cross-border implications, such as transnational terrorism, human trafficking, and drug smuggling.

6. **Ensuring Internal Security and Law Enforcement**

- Beyond specific crimes, the FIA contributes to maintaining Pakistan's internal security by enforcing
federal laws and investigating cases of espionage, organized crime, and other high-level threats.
This work supports domestic stability, a key factor in national security.

Overall, the FIA acts as a central federal body with the mandate to address both conventional and
unconventional security threats, working closely with other domestic and international agencies to
safeguard Pakistan’s national interests.

Q. Racketeering
●​ **Racketeering** refers to illegal activities carried out as part of an organized crime
operation. Initially, the term referred to extortion or fraud by an organized crime syndicate
offering "protection" services to businesses—threatening harm unless the business paid.
However, the term has since expanded to cover a wide array of crimes associated with organized
crime.

Types of Racketeering Activities

Racketeering often includes crimes like:
- **Extortion**: Forcing individuals or businesses to pay money through threats or violence.
- **Loan Sharking**: Offering loans at extremely high-interest rates, often enforced by intimidation.
- **Money Laundering**: Concealing the origins of illegally obtained money to make it appear legitimate.
- **Bribery and Corruption**: Influencing public officials or authorities to gain illegal advantages.
- **Human Trafficking and Drug Trafficking**: Using organized networks to facilitate illegal movement
of people or narcotics.
- **Fraud**: Engaging in scams to deceive individuals or organizations, often for financial gain.

Notable Examples of Racketeering Cases

- **Organized Crime Families**: Traditional mafia families, such as the Gambino and Genovese
families, have been involved in various forms of racketeering, from loan sharking to extortion.
- **Corporate and Political Racketeering**: Companies and officials have also faced racketeering
charges, including cases of bribery, insider trading, and fraud.

Modern Racketeering
Racketeering has evolved, and modern cases often include cybercrime activities, such as ransomware
attacks or coordinated phishing schemes. These new forms of racketeering reflect the adaptability of
organized crime to exploit technological advancements.

The concept has also broadened to address cases where organizations use systemic corruption to
achieve financial or power gains, ensuring that both organized crime and corrupt corporate practices are
held accountable.

Q. Why should we select u

●​ "Thank you for the opportunity to express my motivation for this role.
●​ I believe I am a strong candidate because of my thorough understanding of Pakistan’s law
enforcement needs, especially in combating organized crime, cybercrime, and corruption, which
are key areas of focus for the FIA.
●​ My academic background and any previous experience (mention relevant experience here if
applicable) have equipped me with the analytical and investigative skills necessary to succeed in
this position.
●​ I am also deeply committed to public service and passionate about protecting national
interests, which aligns with the FIA’s mission.
 ●​ Additionally, my adaptability, resilience, and strong work ethic will allow me to handle
high-pressure situations and sensitive cases with the integrity and confidentiality required of an
FIA Inspector.
●​ Given the opportunity, I am eager to bring my skills, dedication, and commitment to the
agency and contribute effectively to national security and the rule of law in Pakistan."

Q. Keylogger
A **keylogger** (short for *keystroke logger*) is a type of software or hardware tool designed to
record the keys pressed on a keyboard, often without the user’s knowledge. Keyloggers can
capture passwords, messages, and other sensitive information, making them a popular tool for both
cybercriminals and law enforcement, depending on the context.

Types of Keyloggers

1. **Software Keyloggers**: These are installed on a target computer or device and run in the
background, often disguised as legitimate applications. They can record keystrokes and send the data to
a designated server.
- *Examples*: **Spyrix Free Keylogger** and **Revealer Keylogger** are common software
keyloggers.

2. **Hardware Keyloggers**: These are physical devices attached between a keyboard and a computer.
They record keystrokes directly from the keyboard to the logger itself, and often need physical access to
install and retrieve.
- *Examples*: **USB Keyloggers** and **PS/2 Keyloggers** that attach between the keyboard cable
and computer port.

3. **Remote Keyloggers**: These are designed to remotely monitor a target’s keystrokes, often installed
through malware or phishing links. They can be challenging to detect because they don’t require direct
access to the device.
- *Example*: **FlexiSPY** is an example of a software offering remote keylogging capabilities.

4. **Kernel-Level Keyloggers**: Operate at the operating system’s kernel level, capturing keystrokes
directly from the hardware level, making them harder to detect by standard antivirus programs.

Common Uses of Keyloggers

- **Cybercrime**: Keyloggers are frequently used by cybercriminals to steal passwords, credit card
numbers, and other sensitive information.
- **Employee Monitoring**: Some companies legally install keyloggers on company devices to monitor
productivity.
- **Parental Control**: Parents sometimes use keyloggers to monitor their children’s online activity
for safety purposes.
- **Law Enforcement**: Some government agencies use keyloggers as part of criminal investigations,
with court-approved warrants.

Detection and Prevention

1. **Use Antivirus Software**: Reputable antivirus programs often detect and block known keyloggers.
2. **Update Software Regularly**: Keeping your operating system and software updated can help patch
vulnerabilities.
3. **Firewall Monitoring**: Monitoring outgoing traffic through a firewall can reveal unusual data
transmission, possibly pointing to a keylogger.
4. **Regular System Scans**: Performing regular scans with anti-malware tools can detect suspicious
activities.
5. **Avoid Suspicious Links**: Keyloggers are often installed through phishing attacks, so avoiding
unknown attachments and links can help prevent installation.

Keyloggers raise significant privacy and security concerns, and in many jurisdictions, unauthorized use is
illegal. For protection, using a combination of security tools and good digital hygiene is essential.

Q. Firewall and anti firewall

Firewall
●​ A **firewall** is a security system that monitors and controls incoming and outgoing
network traffic based on predetermined security rules.
●​ Its main purpose is to prevent unauthorized access to or from a private network, acting as a
barrier between a trusted internal network and untrusted external networks, like the
internet.

Types of Firewalls and Examples:

1. **Packet-Filtering Firewall**: Inspects packets of data and allows or blocks them based on set
criteria, like IP addresses or port numbers.
- *Example*: **Cisco ASA (Adaptive Security Appliance)**, which provides packet filtering alongside
more advanced features like VPN support.

2. **Stateful Inspection Firewall**: Tracks the state of active connections and makes decisions based
on the context of traffic.
- *Example*: **Fortinet FortiGate** is widely used for stateful inspection, offering both traffic filtering
and real-time threat protection.

3. **Proxy Firewall**: Acts as an intermediary between users and the internet, hiding internal IP
addresses and filtering traffic at the application level.
- *Example*: **Squid Proxy Server**, commonly used in corporate settings to filter web traffic.

4. **Next-Generation Firewall (NGFW)**: Combines traditional firewall functions with advanced features
like application awareness, intrusion prevention, and threat intelligence.
- *Example*: **Palo Alto Networks PA-Series**, which provides application-level control and
sophisticated threat detection.

Anti-Firewall (Firewall Evasion)

An **anti-firewall** (or firewall evasion) refers to techniques or tools designed to bypass or
neutralize firewalls. These methods are often used by individuals to access restricted content or by
cyberattackers to penetrate secured networks.

Common Anti-Firewall Techniques and Examples:

1. **VPN (Virtual Private Network)**: Encrypts user traffic, masking its origin and making it more difficult
for firewalls to detect or block.
- *Example*: **NordVPN**, which encrypts internet traffic, allowing users to bypass regional or
network-level restrictions.

2. **Proxy Servers**: Allow users to reroute their traffic through an intermediary server, masking the
original IP and often bypassing basic firewalls.
- *Example*: **HideMyAss** provides a variety of proxy options to mask users' IP addresses.

3. **Tor Network**: Routes traffic through multiple layers of encryption (using multiple nodes), making
it challenging for firewalls to inspect or filter the data.
- *Example*: **Tor Browser** enables users to access restricted sites and bypass censorship by
obfuscating user location and traffic.
4. **SSH Tunneling (Secure Shell)**: Wraps data in an encrypted layer, allowing it to move through a
firewall by making it appear as regular SSH traffic.
- *Example*: **PuTTY** is a tool commonly used to create SSH tunnels, allowing secure access to
restricted network resources.

5. **Obfuscation Techniques**: Tools that modify traffic characteristics to evade detection.

- *Example*: **Psiphon**, which obfuscates VPN traffic to look like regular HTTP or HTTPS traffic,
helping users bypass censorship.

Key Differences
- **Firewalls** aim to block unauthorized access, filter harmful traffic, and enforce network policies.
- **Anti-firewall** tools aim to evade these restrictions, often used by individuals seeking access to
restricted content or by attackers attempting to breach secure networks.

Understanding both firewalls and anti-firewall techniques helps organizations enhance security protocols
and individuals make informed decisions about privacy and access online.

Q. Tor Network
●​ The **Tor network** (short for *The Onion Router*) is a decentralized, privacy-focused
network designed to enable secure, anonymous communication over the internet.
●​ Created initially by the U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, Tor routes internet traffic through a
network of volunteer-run servers (also called "nodes" or "relays"), which anonymizes the user's
data and location.

How the Tor Network Works

The Tor network achieves anonymity using **"onion routing"**:
1. **Multi-Layer Encryption**: User data is encrypted multiple times, creating multiple "layers" (hence
the name "onion").
2. **Routing Through Relays**: Data passes through at least three Tor relays:
- **Entry Node**: Knows the user's IP address but not their final destination.
- **Middle Node**: Only knows the previous and next node in the chain.
- **Exit Node**: Decrypts the final layer of encryption and sends the data to the destination without
knowing the original source.
3. **Anonymity by Design**: As each node only knows its immediate predecessor and successor, no
single node knows both the origin and destination, enhancing privacy.

Uses of the Tor Network

- **Privacy Protection**: Tor is commonly used by individuals looking to protect their privacy and hide
their online activities, such as journalists, activists, or people in countries with internet censorship.
- **Accessing .onion Sites**: The Tor network hosts websites with the .onion suffix, which are only
accessible through Tor, creating a form of the "dark web."
- **Bypassing Censorship**: People use Tor to access information that may be restricted in their
country, such as social media, news, and other services.

Limitations and Risks

- **Speed**: Tor is slower than regular internet browsing due to multiple layers of encryption and relays.
- **Not Completely Anonymous**: Although Tor enhances privacy, it’s not entirely foolproof. Malicious
exit nodes or traffic correlation attacks can potentially compromise privacy.
- **Illegal Activities**: The anonymity Tor provides has attracted some illicit activities, but Tor itself is a
neutral tool and widely used for legitimate purposes.

For further details, you can explore resources like the [Tor Project’s official
website](https://www.torproject.org), which provides guides on setting up the Tor Browser and using the
network responsibly.
Q. Biggest money laundering cases
●​ Panama Papers Scandal
○​ Details: The Panama Papers leak in 2016 exposed offshore holdings of several
prominent Pakistanis, including then-Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif and his family. The
revelations triggered an investigation by Pakistan’s Supreme Court, leading to Nawaz
Sharif's disqualification from office in 2017. His family was accused of using offshore
companies to buy luxury properties in London, allegedly without declaring the sources of
funds. This case was a major turning point in Pakistan’s political landscape and raised
public scrutiny over the wealth of public officials.
●​ Bahria Town Money Laundering Case
○​ Details: Malik Riaz, the property tycoon and owner of Bahria Town, faced money
laundering allegations related to assets seized by the UK’s National Crime Agency
(NCA). In 2019, the NCA froze assets worth around £190 million (over $250 million) in
the UK, linked to Malik Riaz and his family, as part of an investigation into possible money
laundering. The amount was subsequently returned to Pakistan as part of a settlement,
though there were public debates about its intended use and transparency.
●​ Axact Scandal
○​ Details: Axact, a Pakistani IT company, was implicated in a global fake degree scandal,
where they allegedly laundered proceeds from selling bogus academic degrees
worldwide. The scandal led to the arrest of Axact’s CEO, Shoaib Shaikh, and
investigations by the FIA and international bodies. The laundered funds were allegedly
used to acquire luxury assets in Pakistan and abroad.
●​

Q. What are famous investigation agencies of UK, US, China, India, Russia, like FIA of Pakistan?

1. **United Kingdom**
- **Scotland Yard (Metropolitan Police Service)**: The Metropolitan Police’s Criminal Investigation
Department (CID), often referred to as Scotland Yard, handles major criminal investigations, including
serious organized crime, terrorism, and drug trafficking.
- **MI5 (Security Service)**: Responsible for counterintelligence, counterterrorism, and internal
security. MI5 monitors threats to national security and works closely with law enforcement agencies.
- **National Crime Agency (NCA)**: Focuses on serious organized crime, such as drug trafficking,
child exploitation, and human trafficking. Sometimes referred to as the "British FBI.

2. **United States**
- **Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI)**: The FBI is the main federal law enforcement agency,
handling both domestic intelligence and major criminal investigations, including counterterrorism,
cybercrime, organized crime, and counterintelligence.
- **Homeland Security Investigations (HSI)**: Part of the Department of Homeland Security (DHS),
HSI focuses on immigration enforcement, human trafficking, cybercrime, and smuggling.
- **Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA)**: Primarily focused on drug-related crime and
enforcement of drug-related laws at a federal level.

3. **China**
- **Ministry of State Security (MSS)**: China’s main intelligence and security agency, responsible for
counterintelligence, counterterrorism, and national security matters. The MSS combines intelligence
operations with investigations of espionage and political threats.
- **Public Security Bureau (PSB)**: This agency is responsible for criminal investigations, public
safety, and law enforcement, handling cases related to organized crime, corruption, and major criminal
activities within China.

4. **India**
- **Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI)**: Similar to Pakistan’s FIA, the CBI handles high-profile
criminal cases, anti-corruption investigations, economic crimes, and cases assigned by the Supreme
Court or central government.
 - **Enforcement Directorate (ED)**: Primarily responsible for investigating financial crimes, money
laundering, and violations of foreign exchange regulations.
- **Research and Analysis Wing (RAW)**: India’s external intelligence agency, responsible for
national security and intelligence gathering, primarily focused on external threats.

5. **Russia**
- **Federal Security Service (FSB)**: The FSB is Russia’s primary security agency for internal
security, counterintelligence, and counterterrorism, akin to the FBI but with broader domestic intelligence
functions.
- **Investigative Committee of Russia**: Known as the "Russian FBI," this committee is responsible
for investigating major criminal cases, such as corruption, organized crime, and large-scale fraud.
- **Ministry of Internal Affairs (MVD)**: Manages policing and enforcement, handling criminal cases,
public order, and various law enforcement duties across Russia.

6. Israel
●​ Mossad: The Institute for Intelligence and Special Operations, or Mossad, is Israel’s foreign
intelligence agency. It handles espionage, counterterrorism, and intelligence gathering related to
national security threats from outside Israel.
●​ Shin Bet (Shabak): Also known as the Israel Security Agency, Shin Bet is responsible for internal
security and counter-intelligence. It focuses on preventing terrorist attacks, counter-espionage,
and protecting national interests within Israel’s borders.

Q. GDP of pak and ranking

PPP GDP
Definition: PPP GDP adjusts for price level differences across countries, essentially estimating what a
certain amount of money would buy in terms of goods and services in different economies. It is calculated
based on an international price basket to ensure comparability.
Purpose: This metric accounts for the relative cost of living and inflation rates, providing a better measure
of economic output in terms of real purchasing power across countries.

GDP (PPP)​ 2024 estimate

• Total= $1.584 trillion (24th)
• Per capita= $6,715 (141st)

Nominal GDP
Definition: Nominal GDP measures the total value of all goods and services produced within a country’s
borders, calculated at current market prices in that country’s currency.
Purpose: It reflects the economic output in the currency’s actual exchange value without adjusting for
cost-of-living differences or inflation.

GDP (nominal)​ 2024 estimate

• Total= $374.595 billion (43rd)
• Per capita= $1,588 (158th)

Q. Debt to GDP ratio

●​ As of 2023, the total debt and liabilities-to-GDP ratio stood at 89.9 per cent, accompanied by an
annual deficit exceeding 6.9pc of GDP.
●​ Pakistan’s total external debt and liabilities reached the $130 billion mark as of June 30, 2024

Q. Population growth rate in pak

●​ Pakistan 2024 population is estimated at 251,269,164 people at mid year. Pakistan population is
equivalent to 3.08% of the total world population.
○​ Pakistan Bureau of Statistics. (PBS)
Q. Fiscal deficit
 ●​ A fiscal deficit occurs when a country's total government expenditures exceed its revenue,
excluding money from borrowing. This gap is often financed by borrowing, which can lead to an
increase in public debt. Fiscal deficits indicate that the government is spending more than it is
earning, which can have both positive and negative economic implications depending on how the
borrowed funds are used.
●​
Q. A trade deficit
●​ means that the country is importing more goods and services than it is exporting; a trade surplus
means the opposite.
●​ A trade deficit is also referred to as a negative balance of trade (BOT).
●​ Balance of trade is the difference between the monetary value of a nation's exports and imports
over a certain time period
●​ Year-to-date (FY24): The trade deficit reduced by 12.3%, amounting to $24.09 billion.

Q. Tax to gdp ratio

●​ measures a nation's tax revenue relative to the size of its economy.
●​ Pakistan's tax-to-GDP ratio for FY2023-24 was reported at 9%, an improvement from 8.5% in
the previous fiscal year.
●​ Higher tax revenues mean a country can spend more on improving infrastructure, health, and
education—keys to the long-term prospects for a country's economy and people
●​ Acc to WB, tax revenues above 15% of a country's gross domestic product (GDP) are a key
●​ Quote exactly the tax to gdp of both countries
○​ France​ 46.2
○​ United Kingdom​33.3
○​ United States​ 27.1
○​ India 18.08
○​ 10.4%, World Bank suggests for Pak…

Q. Foreign Exchange reserves of Pak, Ban, India

●​ China= 3.3 tr dollars
●​ India= 585 bn dollars
●​ US= 240 bn dollars
●​ Bangladesh= around 20 bn dollars
●​ Pak= 7.65 bn dollars… Feb 23, historic low of US$ 3.19 billion

Per capita income

●​ stood at as compared to last year on account of US$1,568
●​ US$ 1,765 in last year, currency depreciation, lower GDP growth and rising population.

Total public debt

●​ Total public debt was around Rs. 60 billion at end-March 2023. Domestic debt external public
debt was Rs.35,076 billion and was Rs. 24,171 billion or US$ 85.2 billion at end March 2023.

Q. What is a free trade agreement ?

●​ a treaty or agreement between two or more countries that aims to promote trade and economic
cooperation by reducing or eliminating barriers to trade and investment between the signatory
nations. FTAs are designed to create a more open and favorable environment for the exchange of
goods and services by addressing various trade-related issues.
●​ Notable examples of FTAs include the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), which
has been replaced by the United States-Mexico-Canada Agreement (USMCA)
●​ SAFTA (South Asian Free Trade Area): SAFTA was signed in 2004 and came into effect in 2006.
It replaced SAPTA (signed in 1993 and entered into force in 1995) with the goal of further
enhancing economic integration and trade among SAARC member countries.
Name any two free trade agreement of Pakistan with any county
●​ China–Pakistan Free Trade Agreement (CPFTA)... in two phases… First phase from 2007 to
2012…second phase 2019 to 2024
 ●​ Afghanistan–Pakistan Transit Trade Agreement (also known as APTTA) is a bilateral trade
agreement signed in 2010 by Pakistan and Afghanistan that calls for greater facilitation in the
movement of goods amongst the two countries.

Circular debt
●​ a public debt which is a cascade of unpaid government subsidies, which results in accumulation
of debt on distribution companies. When this happens, the distribution companies can't pay
independent power producers who in turn, are unable to pay fuel-providing companies thus
creating the debt effect as seen in the country
●​ The overall circular debt has reached Rs. 5.7 trillion, including components from both the energy
and gas sectors. Specifically for the power sector, it stood at Rs. 2.635 trillion by early 2024,

SOEs of Pakistan
●​ around 200 State Owned Enterprises (SOEs)' eg PIA, PSM,
●​ consume 458 billion rupees annually from public funds to keep themselves functioning.
●​ The debt of SOEs was 1.74 trillion in 2022…….. Rs 2. 31 trillion in 2023
●​ A NEW World Bank report listing Pakistan's

Q. South American Countries

●​ Argentina - Buenos Aires
●​ Bolivia - Sucre (constitutional capital) and La Paz (seat of government)
●​ Brazil - Brasília
●​ Chile - Santiago
●​ Colombia - Bogotá
●​ Ecuador - Quito
●​ Guyana - Georgetown
●​ Paraguay - Asunción
●​ Peru - Lima
●​ Suriname - Paramaribo
●​ Uruguay - Montevideo
●​ Venezuela - Caracas

Q. European Union

Q. Martial laws with dates

Pakistan has experienced several periods of martial law since its independence in 1947, with military
leaders taking control due to political instability or conflict. Here’s an outline of the martial law periods,
including their starting and ending dates:

### 1. **1958 Martial Law**

- **Start Date**: October 7, 1958
- **End Date**: June 8, 1962
- **Leader**: General Ayub Khan
- **Context**: This was the first martial law, declared by President Iskander Mirza but executed by
General Ayub Khan, who later ousted Mirza and took full control. Ayub Khan introduced a new
constitution in 1962 and later resigned in 1969 amid growing discontent.

### 2. **1969 Martial Law**

- **Start Date**: March 25, 1969
- **End Date**: December 20, 1971
- **Leader**: General Yahya Khan
 - **Context**: Ayub Khan handed over power to General Yahya Khan, who imposed martial law to
address political and civil unrest. This period ended after the loss of East Pakistan (now Bangladesh)
following the 1971 Indo-Pakistani War, which led to Yahya's resignation.

### 3. **1977 Martial Law**

- **Start Date**: July 5, 1977
- **End Date**: December 30, 1985
- **Leader**: General Zia-ul-Haq
- **Context**: General Zia-ul-Haq overthrew Prime Minister Zulfikar Ali Bhutto in a military coup amid
allegations of election rigging and political unrest. Zia ruled under martial law, introducing Islamic law and
holding non-party elections in 1985 before ending martial law and transitioning to a civilian government
while retaining control as president until his death in 1988.

### 4. **1999 Martial Law**

- **Start Date**: October 12, 1999
- **End Date**: November 3, 2007 (martial law lifted)
- **Leader**: General Pervez Musharraf
- **Context**: General Pervez Musharraf seized power from Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif, citing
governmental mismanagement and instability. Though he ended martial law in 2002 after holding
elections, Musharraf continued ruling as president and imposed an emergency (akin to martial law) again
on November 3, 2007, which lasted until December 15, 2007.

Each period of martial law has had lasting impacts on Pakistan’s political, judicial, and social landscape,
influencing civil-military relations and legal frameworks in the country. For further details, sources like
Pakistan’s history archives and international reports on South Asian political developments provide more
in-depth perspectives.

Q. Difference
The Anti-Corruption Wing (ACW) of the Federal Investigation Agency (FIA) and the National
Accountability Bureau (NAB) both address corruption in Pakistan, but they have distinct roles,
jurisdictions, and focuses. Here’s a breakdown of their key differences:

1. *Mandate and Scope of Work*

- *FIA's Anti-Corruption Wing (ACW):* The FIA operates as a federal law enforcement agency,
primarily addressing federal crimes, including cybercrimes, human trafficking, and white-collar crimes.
The ACW within FIA specifically investigates corruption cases within federal government departments and
agencies.
- *NAB:* NAB is Pakistan’s primary anti-corruption agency, established under the National
Accountability Ordinance. It focuses on high-profile corruption cases, particularly those involving
politicians, bureaucrats, and public figures. NAB has a broader mandate to combat corruption across both
the federal and provincial levels.

2. *Legal Framework*
- *FIA (ACW):* Works under the FIA Act 1974, as well as other federal laws. Its mandate extends to
crimes affecting the federal government or inter-provincial matters.
- *NAB:* Operates under the National Accountability Ordinance 1999, giving it a unique and specific
legal authority to conduct inquiries, investigations, and prosecutions related to major corruption cases.

3. *Jurisdiction and Focus*

- *FIA (ACW):* Focuses on cases within federal institutions and issues that fall under federal
jurisdiction. Its cases are often less high-profile compared to NAB.
- *NAB:* Has jurisdiction over both federal and provincial corruption cases, especially those involving
significant financial fraud and embezzlement of public funds. NAB's cases are often high-profile, involving
larger sums of money and public figures.
4. *Powers and Enforcement Mechanisms*
- *FIA (ACW):* Can investigate, arrest, and file cases in court, but typically handles cases that do not
have the extensive powers granted to NAB, such as plea bargaining.
- *NAB:* Has more robust powers, including the ability to conduct plea bargains and initiate “voluntary
returns.” NAB can also detain individuals for longer investigation periods, which provides a more
significant enforcement mechanism.

5. *Reporting Structure*
- *FIA (ACW):* Operates under the Ministry of Interior, and its authority is limited to certain federal
crimes.
- *NAB:* Operates independently, reporting directly to the President of Pakistan. This independence
provides NAB with a wider operational scope in addressing corruption without interference from other
government branches.

In summary, while both FIA’s ACW and NAB tackle corruption, NAB has a broader and more independent
mandate, focusing on high-profile cases nationwide, while FIA’s ACW focuses more on federal
departments and specific cases under the Ministry of Interior.

Q. Current foreign ministers of important countries

●​ United States: Antony Blinken continues to serve as the U.S. Secretary of State.
●​ China: Wang Yi, reappointed in 2023, serves as the Minister of Foreign Affairs.
●​ Russia: Sergey Lavrov holds his longstanding position as the Russian Foreign Minister.
●​ India: Subrahmanyam Jaishankar is India’s Minister of External Affairs.
●​ United Kingdom: James Cleverly serves as the UK Foreign Secretary.
●​
Q. DIFFERENCE between KYC and CDD
●​ Know Your Customer and Customer due diligence
●​ Bank assess their customer through KYC at time of accout opening while CDD refers to ongoing
checking or evaluation of existing customers. Both tools are used to avoid financial crimes.
●​ Moreover:
○​ Kyc: initial information like particulars of the client.
○​ Cdd: detailed scrutiny regarding business

Q. Woman sentenced to death for ‘online blasphemy’

●​ A woman was senten­ced to death on Thursday under the Prevention of Electronic Crimes Act
(Peca) in a blasphemy case.
●​ Judge Mohammad Afzal Majoka convicted the woman under Section 295 of the Pakistan Penal
Code (PPC) and Section 11 of PECA, 2016. In addition to the death penalty, the court imposed
a fine of Rs100,000 on the convict.
●​ The case was brought against her by the Federal Investigation Agency’s (FIA) cybercrime wing
on a complaint lodged by a private citizen, Shiraz Ahmed.
●​ According to the FIR, the woman, who belongs to the Christian community, was accused of
pos­ting blasphemous content about the Holy Prophet (PBUH) on social media in September
2020. The FIA registered the case against her on July 29, 2021.

Q. Imran khan arrested by FIA over accusations of receiving foreign funding.

●​ It is pertinent to note here that the Investigation Agency had registered a case against the
Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf (PTI) chief and 10 others over accusations of receiving foreign
funding. The case had been registered by the FIA Corporate Banking Circle.
●​ The case’s First Information Report (FIR) stated that the accused including the former premier
violated Foreign Exchange Regulation Act, 1947 and all the nominated persons were
beneficiaries of the private bank account.

Q. FIA interrogates Imran in cypher case

●​ Agency’s CTW team asks ex-premier about ‘missing copy’ of classified diplomatic document
 ●​ The Federal Investigation Agency’s (FIA) Counter Terrorism Wing on Saturday interrogated PTI
Chairman Imran Khan for more than an hour in connection with an FIR registered against him
and others under the section 05 of Official Secrets Act, 2023,
○​ for “wrongful use” and illegal retention of a cypher telegram – an official classified
document.
●​ The FIA CTW had registered a case against Imran and his fellow party leader Shah Mahmood
Qureshi under sections 5 (wrongful communication, etc., of information) and section 9
(attempts, incitements, etc.) of the Official Secrets Act of 1923 read with Section 34 (common
intention) of the Pakistan Penal Code on the complaint of the then interior secretary Yousaf
Naseem Khokhar in Islamabad upon the conclusion of an inquiry number 111/2023 dated Oct 5,
2022.
●​ It read that Imran, Qureshi, and their associates were involved in communication of
information contained in a secret classified document – a cypher telegram received from
Washington dated March 7, 2022 by the foreign affairs secretary – to unauthorised persons
(public at large) by “twisting the facts to achieve their ulterior motives and personal gains” in a
manner “prejudicial to the interests” of state security.

Q. Imran questioned by FIA about X post, June 08, 2024

●​ The post generated intense blowback and controversy, particularly from government ranks
●​ the third time it visited the prison to question him.
●​ The post read: “Every Pakistani should study the Hamoodur Rahman Commission Report and get
to know who was the true traitor, General Yahya Khan or Sheikh Mujibur Rahman.”
●​ A video shared with the text argued that the former military ruler was responsible for the country
splitting into two, referring to the alleged atrocities committed by the Pakistani military during the
civil war. It also included images of the current civilian and military leadership, alleging that they
stole the PTI’s mandate in the general elections.

Q. FIA arrests Orya Maqbool Jan in Lahore

●​ Anchor’s lawyer says the arrest was made over social media posts related to the Mubarak Sani
case
●​ He is currently being held at the FIA Cyber Crime office in Gulberg, Lahore.

Q. FIA books KP chief minister’s aide, others for scandalising judge

●​ The FIA stated that the suspects had committed an offence that falls within the ambit of Section
20 of the Prevention of Electronic Crimes Act for violation of privacy.
●​ FIA has registered a First Information Report (FIR) against an adviser to the chief minister Khyber
Pakhtunkhwa (KP), an official of the KP Anti-Corruption Establishment (ACE) and a vlogger for
scandalising the special judge (central) Islamabad in connection with a land dispute case.
●​ The ACE KP on Sept 9 registered the FIR against Judge Humayun Dilawar, his 90-year-old
father, an uncle and a brother in the land dispute case and procured their arrest warrants from a
judicial magistrate in Bannu the following day.

Q. Imran’s acquittal plea in £190m case rejected

●​ It said the NAB had accused Mr Khan of misusing his authority for according the said approval
and, in return, obtained approximately 458 kanals of land in tehsil Sohawa of Jhelum district,
Rs285m in cash, and other benefits
○​ under the guise of donations for Al-Qadir University Project Trust.
●​ “Additionally, it is alleged that the applicant and his spouse, through their associate Farhat
Shehzadi, received 240 kanals of land from co-accused Ahmad Ali Riaz Malik as
compensation for personal gain.
●​ “Thus, the accused/applicant, as a public officeholder, is accused of misusing his authority for
personal gain for himself and his wife in the form of donations and other benefits,” the petition
said.

Q. Three-step process of the bureau;

●​ The performance report highlights the three-step process of the bureau;
 ○​ verification of complaints through rigorous investigation,
○​ inquiries into claims through records, and
○​ cases registered against perpetrators in two designated courts.

The process
The director said that the FIA cybercrime cell has a comprehensive process to deal with requests.
●​ “Once a request has been registered, we aim to verify it. We call the individual who lodged the
complaint and ask them to verify their claim, provide their number and digital address to which the
crime was perpetrated.”
●​ “The FIA reaches out to Facebook authorities in the United States (US) requesting them to
provide information regarding the event after gathering primary data,” he said and added “It takes
approximately 30-35 days for Facebook officials to send the details to us… FIA then reaches out
to PTA to trace the internet providers.”
●​ The Bureau traces the crime to the suspect and the last step is to register a case in one of the
two courts allotted to the Prevention of Electronic Crimes Act (PECA) which was introduced in
2017.

Q. Difference between Investigation and Inquiry:

●​ Inquiry refers to a less formal exploration or seeking of information to gain understanding or
knowledge about a subject.
●​ On the other hand, Investigation involves a systematic process of examining and gathering
evidence to uncover facts or resolve a specific matter, often pertaining to legal or serious issues.

Q. Inquiry and Investigation under which Section of Law?

In Pakistan, the **Code of Criminal Procedure (CrPC)** regulates inquiries and investigations by police
authorities. Key sections related to inquiry and investigation include:

1. **Section 154**: This section requires that information relating to the commission of a cognizable
offense be recorded as a First Information Report (FIR) by police authorities. It initiates the investigation
process in cases involving cognizable offenses.

2. **Section 156**: This grants the police the authority to investigate cognizable offenses without prior
approval from a magistrate. It allows for necessary measures to proceed with investigation duties.

3. **Section 157**: This section outlines the police officer's duty to send a report to a magistrate to begin
the investigation if they suspect an offense has been committed. It covers the procedures for initial
inquiries into the offense.

4. **Section 159**: Here, magistrates are granted the authority to direct further inquiries based on initial
reports, if necessary, ensuring that the investigation follows the legal framework.

5. **Section 160**: Under this section, a police officer can summon witnesses or anyone acquainted with
the case circumstances to assist in the investigation.

6. **Section 161**: This empowers police officers to examine witnesses and record statements during an
investigation.

7. **Section 173**: This section mandates the completion of the investigation and submission of a final
report (challan) to the magistrate.

These sections ensure a structured inquiry and investigation process, guiding police conduct and
magistrate oversight in criminal proceedings in Pakistan.

Q. Pakistan’s high ranking in Global Cybersecurity Index good news for IT industry: minister
 ●​ Pakistan was ranked in Tier 1 of the International Telecommunication Union’s Global
Cybersecurity Index 2024 report.
●​ Tier 1, the highest of the five tiers and labelled “role-modelling” has a score of 95 to 100, and
features 46 countries. In the previous edition of the Global Cybersecurity Index report, Pakistan
ranked 79.
●​ Speaking at a press conference in Islamabad on Friday, Shaza Fatima Khawaja said the report
indicated that Pakistan’s legal, technical, capacity development, skill development, and
organisational advancement are role models.
●​ “The Global Cybersecurity Index 2024 shows significant improvements by countries that are
implementing essential legal measures, plans, capacity building initiatives, and cooperation
frameworks, especially in strengthening incident response capabilities,” the report quoted
Khawaja as saying.
●​ “Pakistan has performed exceptionally well in the latest ranking and has been placed in Tier 1,
alongside countries like the United States, Japan, Singapore, Australia, Saudi Arabia, and
Malaysia.
●​ “It is an honor for the nation and the IT industry that Pakistan is now included in the top tiers of
cybersecurity,” she added.
●​ The minister also acknowledged the collective efforts of various departments, including the
Pakistan Telecommunication Authority (PTA), the Special Investment Facilitation Council (SIFC),
the planning commission ministry, the defence ministry, law enforcement agencies, and the
Federal Investigation Agency (FIA), in achieving this milestone.
●​ She expressed gratitude to the provinces and all stakeholders for their contributions and support
in strengthening Pakistan’s cybersecurity infrastructure and promoting digital advancement
across the country.

Q. Europol

Europol, officially the European Union Agency for Law Enforcement Cooperation, is the law enforcement
agency of the European Union.

https://www.dawn.com/news/1860585/psb-imposes-bans-on-pbf-chief-khalid-and-secretary-nasir
●​ The committee noted that the case potentially involves human trafficking and, with input from the
BoG, may warrant further investigation by the FIA.

https://www.dawn.com/news/1860390/regulating-ai

https://www.dawn.com/news/1767502

Ratan Tata: Visionary leader who transformed Tata Group into global powerhouse
●​ In 1991, when he took over the group, India was opening its economy to global markets. Tata
spearheaded efforts to modernise the conglomerate, promoting younger executives, enforcing
retirement ages, and introducing stricter oversight of group companies.

Finance Minister Muhammad Aurangzeb has announced that there is tax fraud and evasion worth
Rs3,400 billion in the country, and a major crackdown will be launched against sales tax evasion.
Those involved in sales tax evasion will be arrested.
Minister Aurangzeb emphasized that individuals involved in tax fraud can be arrested, with penalties
including up to five years of imprisonment for tax evasion of Rs1 billion and up to 10 years for larger
amounts.
He further noted that only 14% of the 300,000 manufacturers are registered, and there is a tax shortfall of
Rs18 billion in the textile weaving sector. In the iron and steel sector, Rs29 billion is being lost due to
excessive input tax claims.
A massive fraud is occurring through the input tax adjustment system.

Q. How would you manage if you are posted in Balochistan?

●​ FIA officers deserved to be provided an equal opportunity to serve in various provinces/zones for
their professional and organizational growth.
●​ Some good qualities of personality such as adaptability and hostel life good experience
●​ It is also good for FIA and will improve efficiency of organization, If such rotation does not
happen it promotes culture of cronyism, intercessions, and corruption resulting in
mediocrity and stagnation within the organization.

Q. Difference between Copyright and Patent

●​ Copyright and patent are two types of intellectual property protections, but they cover different
kinds of creative works and inventions:

1. **Copyright**
- **Purpose**: Protects original works of authorship, such as books, music, movies, software, and
artwork.
- **Rights Granted**: The creator has exclusive rights to reproduce, distribute, display, and create
derivative works based on the original.
- **Duration**: Usually lasts for the creator's lifetime plus an additional 50-70 years (varies by country).
- **Example**: An author writes a novel, and copyright prevents others from copying or selling it without
permission.

2. **Patent**
- **Purpose**: Protects new, useful, and non-obvious inventions or discoveries, such as machines,
processes, or chemical formulas.
- **Rights Granted**: Gives the inventor exclusive rights to make, use, sell, and distribute the invention.
- **Duration**: Generally lasts 20 years from the filing date (varies by country and type of patent).
- **Example**: An engineer invents a new type of engine, and a patent prevents others from
manufacturing or selling it without permission.

**Key Differences**
- **Type of Work**: Copyright is for creative, expressive works; patents are for functional, inventive
works.
- **Automatic vs. Application**: Copyright is automatic upon creation, while patents require a formal
application process.
- **Duration**: Copyright typically lasts longer than patents.

In summary, copyright protects the expression of ideas, while patents protect new ideas and inventions
themselves.

Q. Manpower of FIA?
●​ The Federal Investigation Agency (FIA) of Pakistan currently faces significant challenges due to
manpower shortages, which have impacted its ability to handle cases effectively, particularly
those involving cybercrime, human trafficking, and money laundering. The agency has around
4,000 to 5,000 employees, yet it has had to increase staffing to cover new initiatives, such as
posts at the Kartarpur Corridor and Torkham border, causing strain on available
personnel​—----The Express Tribune
●​ Abbasi said that he was getting 200-300 cases per day and so were other senior officers and
directors, adding the agency is facing many challenges due to limited resources with the agency.
●​ Public Accounts Committee (PAC) decided to write a letter to the prime minister requesting him to
increase the capacity and the manpower of the FIA, so the institution could work more effectively.
 ●​ FIA Director General Wajid Zia held a meeting with the prime minister in 2019 after assuming the
position in which the SAPM had apprised the PM of inadequate staff in FIA. Moreover, the PM
was told that corruption was rampant in FIA due to low salaries, benefits and facilities offered to
the staff.
●​ “Whenever the agency writes to Facebook seeking the details of any account, they resist and
mostly do not respond. In only 20 per cent of the cases, they reply us, while Twitter has not
replied to agency’s request even a single time,” they added.
●​ “A majority of the complainants we receive, pertain to blackmailing or online frauds, however, in
both kinds of cases, the cyber crime wing ends up disappointing the victim,” they said.

Q. Efficiency of FIA cybercrime is low? Why?

●​ FIA) has said the investigation into transactional electronic cybercrime requires records from
International organisations which many times do not share details of its users.
●​ “Servers of companies like Google, Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, Microsoft, and WhatsApp are
outside Pakistan and the FIA probe comes to a dead end due to lack of provision of records by
these companies,” said the FIA Cybercrime Wing director told the National Assembly Standing
Committee on Information Technology and Telecommunication was informed on Tuesday
●​ He said the most reliable way of obtaining fruitful results of cybercrime Investigation is by signing
the Mutual Legal Assistant Treaty (MLAT) to get the provision of digital records from outside
Pakistan, he added.
●​ “Whenever the agency writes to Facebook seeking the details of any account, they resist and
mostly do not respond. In only 20 per cent of the cases, they reply us, while Twitter has not
replied to agency’s request even a single time,” they added.
●​ “A majority of the complainants we receive, pertain to blackmailing or online frauds, however, in
both kinds of cases, the cyber crime wing ends up disappointing the victim,” they said.
●​ How can the government expect the Agency to take an additional load without additional
manpower,

Q. Name of famous head of states and govts

●​ United States
○​ Head of State and Government: President Joe Biden
●​ United Kingdom
○​ Head of State: King Charles III
○​ Head of Government: Prime Minister Keir Starmer
●​ China
○​ Head of State: President Xi Jinping
○​ Head of Government: Premier Li Qiang
●​ Japan
○​ Head of State: Emperor Naruhito
○​ Head of Government: Prime Minister Shigeru Ishiba
●​ India
○​ Head of State: President Droupadi Murmu
○​ Head of Government: Prime Minister Narendra Modi
●​ Bangladesh:
○​ President: Mohammed Shahabuddin
○​ Prime Minister: Sheikh Hasina—> Muhammad Yunus
●​ Turkey:
○​ President: Recep Tayyip Erdoğan
○​ Vice President: Cevdet Yılmaz (Turkey has a presidential system with no separate head
of government)
●​ Canada:
○​ Head of State: King Charles III (represented by Governor General Mary Simon)
 ○​ Prime Minister: Justin Trudeau
●​ Afghanistan:
○​ Head of State and Head of Government: Amir al-Mu'minin Hibatullah Akhundzada
(acting as supreme leader under the Taliban)
○​ Caretaker PM: Hasan Akhund (acting)
●​ Iran:
○​ Supreme Leader: Ali Khamenei (holds ultimate authority)
○​ President: Masoud Pezeshkian
●​ Saudi Arabia (KSA):
○​ King: Salman bin Abdulaziz Al Saud (also head of state)
○​ Crown Prince and Prime Minister: Mohammed bin Salman (serving as the de facto head
of government)
●​ Qatar
○​ Head of State and Head of Government: Emir Sheikh Tamim bin Hamad Al Thani, who
has led Qatar since 2013.
●​ Malaysia
○​ Head of State: Sultan Abdullah Sultan Ahmad Shah serves as the King (Yang
di-Pertuan Agong) in Malaysia’s rotational monarchy system.
○​ Head of Government: Prime Minister Anwar Ibrahim, who assumed office in 2022,
oversees the executive branch.
●​ France
○​ Head of State: President Emmanuel Macron,
○​ Head of Government: Prime Minister Michel Barnier
●​ Germany
○​ Head of State: President Frank-Walter Steinmeier,
○​ Head of Government: Chancellor Olaf Scholz,

Q. Cabinet Ministers in Pakistan

●​ Ishaq Dar - Foreign Affairs
●​ Khawaja Muhammad Asif - Defense, Defense Production, and Aviation
●​ Muhammad Aurangzeb - Finance and Revenue
●​ Mohsin Naqvi - Interior and Narcotics Control
●​ Ahsan Iqbal Chaudhry - Planning, Development, and Special Initiatives
●​ Rana Tanveer Hussain - Industries and Production
●​ Azam Nazeer Tarar - Law, Justice, and Human Rights
●​ Attaullah Tarar - Information and Broadcasting
●​ Musadik Malik - Petroleum and Power
●​ Dr. Khalid Maqbool Siddiqui - Science, Technology, Federal Education, and Professional
Training
●​ Jam Kamal Khan - Commerce
●​ Chaudhry Salik Hussain - Overseas Pakistanis and Human Resource Development

Q. COPs
●​ COP 29
○​ 2024, Baku, Azerbiajan, President: Mukhtar Babayev (Minister of Climate change), Nov
11 to Nov 22
●​ COP 28
○​ 2023, Dubai, UAE, President: Sultan Al Jaber
●​ COP 27
○​ 2022, Sharm el Shiekh, Egypt
●​ COP 26
○​ 2021, Glasgow, UK, President: Alok Sharma

87 FIA Officers Blacklisted, 7 months ago

●​ from Constable to AD,
●​ Banned from posting in Immigration and AHTC wings,
 ●​ might be involved in Greek boat tragedy

Eight FIA officials booked for abetting human trafficking

●​ FIA) has booked its own eight officials for allegedly abetting human smuggling by air travel as a
foreign airlines’ officials are also involved in it.
●​ In Pakistan, human traffickers usually opt for a land route to transport illegal immigrants to
‘greener pastures’ but in this case air route was exploited to send two illegal immigrants to Italy
and Canada through doctored travel documents.

FIA identifies journalists, TikTokers for spreading ‘fake’ rape story

●​ LAHORE: The Cyber Crime Wing of the Federal Investigation Agency (FIA) carried out
province-wide raids on Thursday for the arrest of some senior journalists, lawyers, TikTokers and
arrested three of them for spreading ‘alleged’ rape story of a private girls college student which
incited students and general public to hold violent protests across Punjab since Monday last.
○​ The girl, according to the official, denied the incident of rape, while her parents expressed
strong reservations over the reports on social media.
○​ They claimed that their daughter “fell from her bed” and suffered a backbone fracture on
Oct 2
○​ According to the girl’s father, she was taken to a private clinic for initial treatment and, on
Oct 3, shifted to the Lahore General Hospital. She was then moved to Ittefaq Hospital,
where she remained in the ICU till Oct 11.
○​ Since then, “she has been on bed rest at home”.

Q. FIA Lahore head, others transferred amid Passco, Lesco probe, September 15, 2024
●​ FIA Lahore head Sarfraz Virk, who is a BS-20 officer of Police Service of Pakistan, is transferred
with immediate effect and directed to report to the establishment division.
●​ “The FIA in the light of the PMIT’s (Prime Minister Inspection Team) investigation had laid a hand
on one of the ‘top men’ of the Pakistan Agricultural Storage and Services Corporation (Passco),
in a wheat procurement scam. However, that did not go down well with some top men in the
federal government resulting in sacking of the Lahore director FIA (Mr Virk),” the source said,
citing ‘excellent’ performance of Lahore wing in taking action against those involved in the wheat
scam.
●​ The FIA last month had arrested a former general manager of Passco Zahoor Ahmad Ranjah for
allegedly altering the wheat procurement policy allowing the purchase of wheat from middlemen
instead of farmers through a counterfeit signature.

FIA digs into claims of financial misconduct in LPG imports

●​ In one of its communications, the FIA wrote that the Special Investment Facilitation Council
reiterated serious allegations against SSGC, SLL, and other stakeholders, individuals, and
entities.
●​ It added that the SIFC had also expressed serious concerns regarding “unauthorised importation
of LPG, illegalities and irregularities in the expenditure of foreign reserves and involvement of
SSGC and SLL’s management in the bogus tendering process, corruption and misuse of
authority”.

Imran Khan booked for inciting Pakistan officials to mutiny, says report
●​ Pakistan’s top investigating agency had registered a case against jailed former PM Imran Khan
for allegedly inciting government officials to mutiny through his social media posts, said a media
report.

National Cyber Crimes Investigation Agency (NCCIA)

(Khawaja Khalid Farooq wrote in DAWN,
 The writer is a retired inspector general of police and ex-head of the National Counter Terrorism
Authority.)

pros
●​ bad actors use social media to spread disinformation and misinformation, necessitating oversight
●​ Improved decision-making processes and response times to cyber incidents.
●​ Public delivery in case of online crimes will improve
●​ Efficiency of remaining wings of FIA will improve
Cons
●​ operationalising the NCCIA would involve significant financial outlay to set up new infrastructure,
hire specialised personnel, and develop new protocols
●​ Does that make any sense at a time of economic crunch?
●​ duplication of duties
●​ could result in an overlap of responsibilities, leading to bureaucratic inefficiencies and confusion.
●​ Extra budget for trained human resource
●​ The move will likely create redundancies and confusion, diluting the focus from actual cybercrime
threats to the procedural chaos of transitioning to a new agency.
●​ Also, such disruptions could hinder ongoing operations and complicate international cooperation
under links nurtured by the FIA.
●​ FIA’s now defunct cybercrime wing might already have been collaborating internationally, with a
sound reputation in the field of cybersecurity. The NCCIA will need to rebuild these relationships
and prove their effectiveness, which could take considerable time and effort.
Solutions
●​ Given the FIA’s existing infrastructure and expertise in cybercrime, enhancing and scaling its
capabilities would have been more cost-effective and efficient than starting afresh with the
NCCIA.
●​ Clear legislative frameworks would have to define the roles and responsibilities of those involved
in cybersecurity, and would have to include protocols for inter-agency collaboration and
information sharing
●​ Thus the resources spent on the NCCIA would have been more effectively utilised in
strengthening and expanding the capabilities of the FIA’s cybercrime wing, for enhanced training,
technology upgrades, and international collaboration to bolster effectiveness.

FIA arrests ‘herbal healer’ for online exploits

●​ A cybercrime wing team of the Federal Investigation Agency (FIA) in Multan arrested Hakeem
Muhammad Shahzad on Wednesday.
●​ Shahzad rose to fame on social media for promoting herbal medicine after marrying Dania Shah,
the widow of the late anchorperson and former federal minister Dr Amir Liaquat Hussain.
●​ A press release said that Shahzad uploaded videos online mocking an alleged rape incident
involving a student from a private college in Lahore.
●​ The authorities seized his mobile phone, which contained materials related to these controversial
videos, TikTok accounts, and messages involving the exploitation of women.
●​ A first information report was registered against him and his accomplices, including Chacha
Siraiki, with further legal actions initiated.

FIA seeks enhanced powers to prosecute cybercrime

●​ “We need deterrence against objectionable content posted on social media websites,” Mr Khan
said. “Deterrence will create awareness.”
●​ The meeting was informed that since 2012, thousands of websites and URLs have been blocked,
having been deemed offensive or containing objectionable material.
●​ More than 768,264 URLs containing pornographic material, 31,963 URLs with ‘blasphemous’
content, 10,196 proxy websites, 4,799 ‘anti-state’ websites, 3,719 ‘anti-judiciary’ websites and
 some 1,00 sectarian and hate-speech sites, besides 850 defamatory sites, have been blocked in
the country.
●​ Mr Khan informed the committee that Peca has 28 sections in all; bail cannot be obtained for only
three offences identified here, including child pornography and cyber-terrorism. In terms of
●​ the remaining 25 offences, the accused person can under the law in its current form obtain bail
before arrest.

FIA should have same access to govt records as NAB: FIA official

●​ Shehzad noted NAB had the authority to take records from any institution but if the FIA required
records from a bank, they had to take permission from a sessions judge.
●​ The FIA official said that this could take up to months and sometimes the sessions judge would in
the end not grant permission to access the records.
●​ The FIA official responded by explaining that their investigations could be sped up if records that
took six months to acquire were acquired in six days.

According to the FIA official, a fake account is registered to a person who has died while their account
was still active. On the other hand, a benami account is one where the account holders' transactions do
not match their income.

In the case of benami accounts, the individual whose name the account is in is neither the beneficiary
nor the operator of the accounts.

Controlling stress before and during an interview is crucial for performing well. Here are some effective
strategies to manage anxiety:

How to control stress before and during interview?

Before the Interview

1. **Preparation**: Thoroughly research the organization and the role you are applying for. Prepare
answers for common interview questions, and practice them with a friend or in front of a mirror. This will
increase your confidence and help you feel more in control during the actual interview.

2. **Mock Interviews**: Engage in mock interviews to simulate the interview experience. This will
familiarize you with the interview process and help reduce anxiety. Practicing responses can help you
articulate your thoughts more clearly when the time comes.

3. **Breathing Exercises**: Incorporate deep breathing exercises into your routine before the interview.
Taking deep breaths can help calm your nerves and reduce physical symptoms of stress. For example,
inhale deeply for a count of four, hold for four, and exhale for four.

4. **Positive Visualization**: Visualize yourself succeeding in the interview. Picture yourself confidently
answering questions and making a positive impression. This technique can help shift your mindset and
reduce anxiety.

5. **Stay Organized**: Ensure all necessary materials (resume, documents, etc.) are organized and
ready to go the day before the interview. Being prepared can reduce last-minute stress.

During the Interview

1. **Mindfulness Techniques**: Use mindfulness to stay present during the interview. Focus on the
interviewer’s questions and your responses instead of worrying about how you’re being perceived. This
can help keep your mind from racing.

2. **Pause Before Responding**: It’s perfectly acceptable to take a moment to think about your
response before answering. This pause can help you gather your thoughts and provide a more
considered response, and it can also convey confidence.

3. **Positive Affirmations**: Remind yourself of your qualifications and skills. Use affirmations such as “I
am prepared,” or “I can handle this” to boost your self-esteem.

4. **Maintain a Positive Posture**: Sit up straight and maintain open body language. Good posture can
help you feel more confident and can positively influence how others perceive you.

5. **Accept Imperfection**: Understand that it's okay not to have all the answers or to make mistakes.
Focus on doing your best rather than striving for perfection.

Recent developments related to FIA

●​ appointment of prosecutors from the public prosecution department to the FIA on a deputation
basis by caretaker cabinet, December 6, 2023
●​ Roshan Digital Accounts (RDAs)
●​ Sohni Dharti National Remittance Loyalty Program
●​ FIA launches hotline for registration of complaints against human trafficking December 14,
2023
○​ newly introduced system represents an “evolution” — a stride towards a more
coordinated, efficient, and harmonised approach to reporting across the country. It is not
just a system; it is a catalyst for change, enhancing our capacity to address trafficking in
persons comprehensively, Butt said.
●​ Pakistan sets up new investigation agency to tackle cyber crimes amid fears over
censorship https://www.arabnews.com/node/2425251/pakistan