Hizher over Elements

* I{f the ovder of the palynoninl displaceanut model usl to

mepre seat the displacemat vatiation itinte elnt
is more than one, element is kropn as ovder elenet
"These clonents kie hawe intenñor modes(seconday modes)in
allition tu fhe corer
modes (privay nodes).
"A
Righet order element can be eittej a Conmplex multipex
elennent.
Lagrange htepolation finctim
t is a
tinpler y deivin shapefctins.
The laqrange tnterpolatirn funckion at nade 'k'is dyidy
Foy 10 Cas:
X-i
T' casteian Cooydinate,
i1 k-Xi
itk

INatural Coordinate (6)=I $ i

=)

ik
Linear Elemut
Lagranpe htpolatin funcion for elenen
Shape function for Tiso Nole bar
Con sider a 2ode ba elene
as shoon in gre
Let us consider henatural cooyknste E0 2

fthe Cetr of the elernt as 0, ad

he natural cooredinate of the nodes 14 2 (Lines 10 bas elent)
ae l andti mespectivaly.
. The nutaral coordinate at any goint can be presntd y
-e-x,) -1

The shape functions f the aD bae elenent is frnud by utinf

Lograngipolgonial
 Global /ca tesian Cavdinetes

iz1 X -Xi
itk
For t o hoded bas elemert, n= 2
Jtece, he k=1 4s(x) = N,(x)=
-

whu k= 2, L(x) =N,() = X-X1

I natural Coodinates

ifk
For t o noded bas lent ,n
Hence, bhen kl,
a(9)=N,():$-S -1-1 )
shapefurctim at Node
N(3) (a-9)
bha k=2,
<a(4)= N4)--4
". shape funchion at Neode

The vaiation of shape gunciom of 2D bos eleat is ay sham iu

Ny= 1

1 N2 2
Ni
vahiation o shape
function's
 Shapa fnchion for D Clennentc - guailateral/
Ratangulas cCeent
Let us onstde the gn eral guadrilateval
en eral guadrilateral elemt hmeppek
int matural coorinates as shoon in ig.

3
3 )
9
P(G
(0,0)
) 2
1

The kogrange intrpolati function for oglitarckangular

element ca be obtained from the produck of apropiate intepolti'o
functins in the eirectioN ad diveetien. Thus,te
diveetiorng is
agrago shape
NG) 4(5)4(0
bhere, ki(E) nl L:(2)are shape funfion coesponding t ode i.
To find shape funchion Ng:
(onideDng element as sha in iaura)
4
N(G) =4(G) 4)
4G).-)= 2
T

-1-1 -1-2
iyla).
shape funhion at Node 2, N 5)
To find shape funeti N
elenent as Shousn in hgure (9)
Consideáng
 N,(5.):kz(5).4,)

X 2

1-(-1) 1-!

..Shape function at Node 2 N, #(1t5)) ’

To find shape functin Ni Coneidering the dement ag thon infr)

2
1+1

To ind shape funcion N4i Conyideing elennent4 as shoniw

byure(4)
N() =$-5) .(7-n) h4=1

-1-1 I+1

-9)’
Thuss shape funetien for the lineas 2uadrilateral elenmnt are
Ng 1-9); y 5 - )

Tn general Ni to N4 may be oritte as

Ni (+t)(14)2)for iz1,2,3 anf t.
 Vaiation of the shoape finction ane as shom in fig.

2
4

4
2

-1

Lagrange Intepolatiov funchion frr Higher Order Elemat

elemet)
shape funckion foY Three Kode bar elenient Qulratic bah
. Thethree hoded 4D ba
elentis as shonin 2|
ig Theshape func
ilbe puadrathc in nature.
- The shape funcion s of the guadratic bas elet
1D 2uadraic bas eleent ir
fuund by uing kagangian polynonnial -
In globae/ Cartesian Coovdnates

ifk
for three mode 2uaRratic bas elenent, n =3
Herce shee k =1 4()= N,()=(x-x).(x-x})
(4-*) (,-g)
sher k= 2
(2i) (2Xy-X3)
 hen k- ? klx) =Nlx) =(3-X) (-*1)
(3-*) 3-*a)
Ia Natural Coordinate

For three model ualratic bar element n=3.

Hnce hen k=1j N,) =4,)-s-$)5-)($-)

(4 ) rl--) )
** Shape fnctior at kode 2,
N(5)= 2 -2)
($-6)(-)(5)$-)
k=2 N(E)= Lals)-(a5)()
ohe kei (t)(-)
.: shape fnctin at
Node 2

ohenk=3 }
$-5)($- 5) 3)-)
oo-)
-(sr$-)
: shape function at Node3
N5) a-g)’
Thus, shape functhion fr the gualvatic bas eleent ane

H(*)= (5t,N(3)=(1-F
is as shoon in
The vari ofion of shape funcin
 N, 55-)
N,=1
2

N|
2

1 3

N3
Ng 2

Bas Elment (aubic ba Elenent)

Shape function far Four Node
dhon in fgure.
element is as
one-dimenhonel bar
The aubic 2

fncion is fond by 3 4
The shape
using kograngiar pdynomist +1
-
Cubic 1D ba element
Ih Natural cooYdinates

qualyatic bar element , n=4. Hence

No, For four
noded
he kl)

Node 1
: shepe funcion at

shen k=2,
(E5))( ( t ) 1 )
 Ng N
N2
N4=1
2
|N=1
2
=1 N,
fuction
is shape Variationo theThus,
thoun
in as
Na5)=
-2
26
at
Node4 function Shape i.
+)t-) $+6,)5)r)
5-) (D)( N(9=46)-
shenk4
3,Node fuction
at shape .*
)(4|)(5+
;-) -6) Ma(5)-
k3 when
at
Node2 function Shape
 Los functton foY Nine Nolo Reilangulon (lrmnt (guadvote
Recfangulat (lenent)
us Consideya tn-diensioral mine mlel otngbo
info matural coordinates as shoen n
iment mapel (a1) 3
()[4
6 )3
(o)
S 2 2 (1,-)
elunet
quadratic rectangulas clnnt (9-)
elenent appel into
Parentmatae cooYdnate .

anl F directions is
The Lagrange shape fnction foala in
L1(s).L) there
Ni(5)'Li().40) node
grangian function at i.
ki rfers to Corner moles 1, 2,3 al 4
To finl fhe shape function ol
At ode 2 N(5)=4(s)4() 4

-(5-(*) x(g-o)0-2)
r9-) -o--i)

4
Simi lavy
N(p)- 1(t1)()
4
Ma(3)- t-)
 ind fhe shape function of mid hodes s,6)4 and &,h
hode s

1 2

-(E+)(5-)x)(1-)
(o4+1)(0-1) (1-91)
-

5)
-2

To find the shapefunchion of Inteior node 9

At node 9,
6

(o+)o-) )fo)
Ng
O-Ndesfr dis bloreml|N>Ahohofuned
* Tso - Sub and &uboy barameit oStmeal.
dublgun
() Tso iramedric elemend
9 ondor o sheho tunrtion uaod to
iod do dofine te diA blarom UAed tu dotied du
ot te ghobe functi on uAod du dofine
unin uAd to doti he Punetion yodt dotine
mey eumedog
t