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Exp 2

The document outlines an experiment aimed at entering the Root Locus in MATLAB, detailing various polynomial equations and the necessary apparatus, including a personal computer and MATLAB software. It explains the theory behind Root Locus as a graphical technique for analyzing control systems, emphasizing its importance in stability analysis, transient response evaluation, and controller design. Additionally, MATLAB code snippets for generating Root Locus plots for different systems are provided.

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4 views5 pages

Exp 2

The document outlines an experiment aimed at entering the Root Locus in MATLAB, detailing various polynomial equations and the necessary apparatus, including a personal computer and MATLAB software. It explains the theory behind Root Locus as a graphical technique for analyzing control systems, emphasizing its importance in stability analysis, transient response evaluation, and controller design. Additionally, MATLAB code snippets for generating Root Locus plots for different systems are provided.

Uploaded by

shreya.shristi27
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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EXPERIMENT 02

Aim: To enter the ROOT LOCUS in MATLAB

(I). 𝑠 2 + 22s + 11
𝑠 3 + 𝑠 2 + 111s + 113

(II).

(III).

(IV).

𝑠9 + 𝑠6 + 123𝑠4 + 1
(V).
𝑠8 + 𝑠7 + 𝑠6 + 𝑠5 + 𝑠4 + 𝑠3 + 𝑠2 + s + 1

11
(V𝐼).
𝑠 2+ 1

Apparatus required:

Sl. No. Apparatus Quantity

I. Personal computer 1

II. MATLAB software 1

Theory:
Root Locus
Root locus is a crucial graphical technique in control system engineering used to analyze and
design control systems. It illustrates how the system’s poles move in the complex plane as a

4
specific parameter, typically the gain (K), varies. By examining the root locus, engineers can
assess system stability, transient response, and overall performance, making it an essential tool
in control system design.
In any control system, stability and response characteristics are dictated by the location of its
poles in the s-plane (Laplace domain). The root locus represents the trajectory of the system’s
closed-loop poles as the open-loop gain is varied from zero to infinity. If the poles shift toward
the left half of the s-plane, the system becomes more stable, whereas movement toward the
right half indicates a tendency toward instability.
The root locus technique is widely applied in proportional control design, allowing engineers
to analyze how varying the proportional gain affects system performance. Additionally, it plays
a key role in designing compensators such as lead, lag, and PID controllers by strategically
adjusting pole and zero locations.
Importance of Root Locus in Control System Design
1. Stability Analysis – Helps determine the range of gain values that ensure system
stability by analyzing pole movements.
2. Transient Response Evaluation – Provides insights into system parameters like rise
time, settling time, and overshoot, based on pole positions.
3. Controller Design – Aids in designing controllers that enhance stability and
performance by modifying pole locations.
4. Intuitive Visualization – Offers a graphical approach to understanding system behavior,
making it easier to interpret compared to purely mathematical calculations.
Overall, the root locus is a powerful tool that simplifies control system analysis and design,
ensuring optimal system performance across various engineering applications.

Matlab program:
 Root Locus I
num = [1 22 11] den =
[ 1 1 111 113 ]
rlocus( num, den)

 Root Locus -II


num = [ 2 22 2 1]
den = [ 22 2 2 1]
rlocus( num, den)

5
 Root Locus -III
num = [ 2 22 1]
den = [ 22 2 2 1]
rlocus( num, den)

 Root Locus -IV


num = [ 2 0 1]

den = [ 22 11 2 0 3 1]

rlocus( num, den)

 Root Locus - V
num = [1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1]

den = [1 0 0 1 0 123 0 0 0 1]
rlocus( num, den)

 Root Locus - VI
num = [ 11] den =
[ 1 0 1]
rlocus( num, den)

MATLAB output:

I.

6
II.

III.

IV.

7
V.

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