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Chapter 1 Introduction (1)

This document provides an introduction to material science, covering the classification of materials such as metals, polymers, ceramics, composites, and advanced materials. It discusses the relationship between the structure and properties of materials, the roles of material scientists and engineers, and the importance of selecting materials for specific applications. Additionally, it highlights advanced materials like biomaterials, semiconductors, nano-engineered materials, and smart materials, along with their unique properties and applications.
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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
0 views

Chapter 1 Introduction (1)

This document provides an introduction to material science, covering the classification of materials such as metals, polymers, ceramics, composites, and advanced materials. It discusses the relationship between the structure and properties of materials, the roles of material scientists and engineers, and the importance of selecting materials for specific applications. Additionally, it highlights advanced materials like biomaterials, semiconductors, nano-engineered materials, and smart materials, along with their unique properties and applications.
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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MATERIAL

SCIENCE &
ENGINEERING
TOPIC 1.0: INTRODUCTION TO MATERIAL SCIENCE

Synopsis:
This topic introduces to material science which explains
further about material classification such as metals,
polymers, ceramics, composites and advanced materials
 Investigating the relationship that exist between
the structures and properties of materials
 Four component
-Structure
-Processing
-Properties
-Performance
 Material scientist role-to develop/synthesize new
materials
 Materials engineer role-to create new
products/systems using existingmaterials and/or
to develop techniques for processing materials.
Structure of a material
- Atomic arrangement

Properties
- Mechanical
- Electrical
- Thermal
- Magnetic
- Optical
- Corrosion resistance
Why?
 To be able to select material for a given
application(cost and performance)

 To understand the limits of materials and


the change of the properties with use

 To be able to create a new material that


will have some advantageous properties.
CLASSIFICATION OF
MATERIALS

Advanced
Metal Polymers Ceramics Composites
Materials

Biomaterials

Semiconductors

Nano-
engineered
materials

Smart materials
 Composed of one/more metallic elements (copper,
iron, titanium, gold)
 Atoms are arranged in an orderly manner
 Mechanical characteristics are:
- stiff and strong
- ductile
- good heat and electrical conductors
- not transparent to visible light

- shiny (metallic appearance)


- magnetic
 Plastic and rubber (PE, PS, PVC, PC, nylon)
 Organic compound that are chemically based on
carbon, hydrogen and others non-metallic elements (
Si, Cl )
 Have large molecular structures (chain-like)
 Mechanical characteristics:
- low density
- high plasticity
- easily decomposed/soften
- low melting temperature
CERAMICS
 A compound consists of metallic and non-metallic
elements (oxides, nitrides, carbides)
 Traditional ceramics – clay, cement, glass
 Mechanical behaviour:
- high hardness
- high melting temperature
- brittle
- good insulator (heat and electrical)
- maybe transparent/translucent/opaque
- some have magnetic behaviour
 Composed of two/more group of materials
 Purpose of composite materials is to achieve a combination
properties of the material group combined.
 Common composites – small glass fibers embedded in polymeric
material (epoxy/polyester) = fiberglass
 Fiberglass properties
- low density
- stiff and strong
 High technology applications
 High-tech = a device/product
operates/functions using intricate and
sophisticated principles ( spacecraft,
military, aircraft, medical devices)
 These materials are classified based on its
applications:
- biomaterials
- semiconductor
- nano-engineered materials
- smart materials
 Components implanted into the human
body for replacement/diseases/damaged
body parts
 Must not produce toxic substances and
compatible with body tissues
 Examples:
artificial hip replacement
dental implant
stent
fracture plates
 Intermediate properties between electrical
conductor and insulators
 Electrical characteristics can be controlled by
impurities concentrations
 Pioneer of integrated circuitry that revolutionized
the electronics and computer industries
 Fascinating properties and tremendous technology
 Maybe any one of the four basic types – metals, ceramics, polymers and
composites
 Distinguished for the size - “nano” is a prefix for unit in nanometer (x10-9
m)
 Anything less than 100 nanometers
 Study the properties of these materials is termed nanotechnology
 Physical and chemical characteristics may exhibits dramatic changes as
particle size approaches atomic dimensions
 Niche area in electronic, biomedical, sports, energy production and
other industrial applications
 Example: carbon nanotubes
graphene
 Intelligent materials
 Are able to sense changes in environment and respond to the
changes in predetermined manners
 Usually sensor and actuator
 Actuator maybe called upon to change shape, position, natural
frequency or mechanical characteristics in response to changes
in temperature, electric field, magnetic field
 Four types of materials commonly used for actuator are shape
memory alloys, piezoelectric ceramics, magnetostrictive materials
and electrorheological/magnetorheological fluids
 Materials/devices employed as sensors are optical fibers,
piezoelectric materials, microelectromechanical system (MEMS)
A type of smart system is used in helicopter to
reduce aerodynamic cockpit noise that is created
by the rotating rotor blade. Piezoelectric sensors
inserted into the blades to monitor blade stresses
and deformations; feedback signals from these
sensors are fed into computers-controlled adaptive
device, which generates noise cancelling antinoise.
THANK
YOU

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