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ICSE Class9 Computer Theory Notes

The document provides comprehensive notes on ICSE Class 9 Computer Applications, focusing on Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) concepts, classes and objects, data types, operators, user input, mathematical library methods, conditional constructs, and ethical issues in computing. Key OOP principles include encapsulation, abstraction, inheritance, and polymorphism. Additionally, it covers Java's data types, operators, input handling, and ethical considerations in the field of computing.

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91 views3 pages

ICSE Class9 Computer Theory Notes

The document provides comprehensive notes on ICSE Class 9 Computer Applications, focusing on Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) concepts, classes and objects, data types, operators, user input, mathematical library methods, conditional constructs, and ethical issues in computing. Key OOP principles include encapsulation, abstraction, inheritance, and polymorphism. Additionally, it covers Java's data types, operators, input handling, and ethical considerations in the field of computing.

Uploaded by

omanisbest100
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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ICSE Class 9 Computer Applications - Comprehensive Theory Notes

1. Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) Concepts

Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) is a programming paradigm that revolves around


objects and classes.
Key principles of OOP:
- **Encapsulation**: Bundling data and methods that operate on the data.
- **Abstraction**: Hiding implementation details and exposing only essential features.
- **Inheritance**: A class can inherit properties and methods from another class.
- **Polymorphism**: A method can perform different behaviors based on the object calling
it.

2. Objects and Classes

A **class** is a blueprint for creating objects, while an **object** is an instance of a class.


Example:
```java
class Car {
String model;
int year;
}
Car myCar = new Car();
```

3. Value and Data Types

Java has different types of data types:


- **Primitive Data Types**: int, double, char, boolean, etc.
- **Non-Primitive Data Types**: Arrays, Strings, Objects, etc.

4. Operators in Java

Operators are used to perform operations on variables and values. Categories:


- **Arithmetic Operators**: +, -, *, /, %
- **Relational Operators**: ==, !=, >, <, >=, <=
- **Logical Operators**: &&, ||, !
- **Bitwise Operators**: &, |, ^, ~, <<, >>
5. Input in Java

Java uses Scanner class for user input.


Example:
```java
import java.util.Scanner;
public class InputExample {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.print("Enter your name: ");
String name = sc.nextLine();
System.out.println("Hello, " + name + "!");
}
}
```

6. Mathematical Library Methods

Java provides a Math class with built-in methods:


- `Math.pow(a, b)`: Returns a^b
- `Math.sqrt(x)`: Returns square root of x
- `Math.abs(x)`: Returns absolute value
- `Math.max(a, b)`: Returns maximum of two numbers

7. Conditional Constructs

Conditional constructs in Java allow decision-making:


- **if-else**: Executes different code based on conditions.
- **switch-case**: Selects from multiple options.
Example:
```java
int num = 5;
if (num > 0) {
System.out.println("Positive number");
} else {
System.out.println("Negative number");
}
```
8. Ethical Issues in Computing

Computing ethics include:


- **Cybersecurity**: Protecting systems from cyber threats.
- **Privacy**: Ensuring personal data security.
- **Intellectual Property**: Respecting copyrights and patents.
- **Digital Divide**: Bridging the gap in technology access.

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