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Computer Fundamental 8 12

The document provides an overview of computer fundamentals, including internal components, types of software, and classifications of computers based on working principles and size. It describes system and application software, as well as low and high-level programming languages. Additionally, it categorizes computers into analog, digital, hybrid, supercomputers, mainframes, minicomputers, and microcomputers, detailing their characteristics and uses.

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sykobi000
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9 views5 pages

Computer Fundamental 8 12

The document provides an overview of computer fundamentals, including internal components, types of software, and classifications of computers based on working principles and size. It describes system and application software, as well as low and high-level programming languages. Additionally, it categorizes computers into analog, digital, hybrid, supercomputers, mainframes, minicomputers, and microcomputers, detailing their characteristics and uses.

Uploaded by

sykobi000
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Stratford College London

(DfES Registered Independent School)


63 Broadway, Stratford, London E15 4BQ
Tel: 02085197362 E-mail: [email protected]

Internal Components

1. The Mother 2. Expansion


Board Slots

3. CMOS 4. Cooling
Battery Fan

5. Network 6. Graphics
Card Card

7. Power Supply 8. Memory


Unit (SMPS) Slots

Software
Software, simply are the computer programs. The instructions given to the computer in
the form of a program is called Software. Software is the set of programs, which are used
for different purposes. All the programs used in computer to perform specific task is
called Software.

Types of software
1. System software:
a) Operating System Software
DOS, Windows XP, Windows Vista, Unix/Linux, MAC/OS X etc.
b) Utility Software
Windows Explorer (File/Folder Management), Windows Media Player, Anti-
Virus Utilities, Disk Defragmentation, Disk Clean, BackUp, WinZip, WinRAR
etc…

Computer Fundamentals -8-


Stratford College London
(DfES Registered Independent School)
63 Broadway, Stratford, London E15 4BQ
Tel: 02085197362 E-mail: [email protected]

2. Application software:
a) Package Software
Ms. Office 2003, Ms. Office 2007, Macromedia (Dreamweaver, Flash,
Freehand), Adobe (PageMaker, PhotoShop)
b) Tailored or Custom Software
SAGE (Accounting), Galileo/Worldspan (Travel) etc.

3. Computer Languages & Scripting:


a) Low Level Language
i) Machine Level Language
ii) Assembly Language

Machine language: These language instructions are directly executed by CPU

Assembly language: The endeavor of giving machine language instructions a


name structure that means bit strings of instructions of machine language are
given name here

High Level Language: The user friendly language ...more natural language
than assembly language.

Assembler is needed to convert assembly language into machine language


Complier is needed to convert high level to machine language

b) High Level Language


COBOL (COmmon Business Oriented Language), FORTRAN (FORmula
TRANslation), BASIC (Beginner's All-purpose Symbolic Instruction Code), C,
C++ etc. are the examples of High Level Language.

Types of Computer
On the basis of working principle
a) Analog Computer
An analog computer (spelt analogue in British English) is a form of computer that uses
continuous physical phenomena such as electrical, mechanical, or hydraulic quantities to
model the problem being solved.

Computer Fundamentals -9-


Stratford College London
(DfES Registered Independent School)
63 Broadway, Stratford, London E15 4BQ
Tel: 02085197362 E-mail: [email protected]

1. Thermometer 2. Speedometer

3. Petrol Pump
4. Multimeter
Indicator

b) Digital Computer
A computer that performs calculations and logical operations with quantities represented
as digits, usually in the binary number system.

c) Hybrid Computer (Analog + Digital)


A combination of computers those are capable of inputting and outputting in both digital
and analog signals. A hybrid computer system setup offers a cost effective method of
performing complex simulations.

Computer Fundamentals - 10 -
Stratford College London
(DfES Registered Independent School)
63 Broadway, Stratford, London E15 4BQ
Tel: 02085197362 E-mail: [email protected]

On the basis of Size


a) Super Computer
The fastest type of computer. Supercomputers are very expensive and are employed for
specialized applications that require immense amounts of mathematical calculations. For
example, weather forecasting requires a supercomputer. Other uses of supercomputers
include animated graphics, fluid dynamic calculations, nuclear energy research, and
petroleum exploration.
The chief difference between a supercomputer and a mainframe is that a supercomputer
channels all its power into executing a few programs as fast as possible, whereas a
mainframe uses its power to execute many programs concurrently.

b) Mainframe Computer
A very large and expensive computer capable of supporting hundreds, or even
thousands, of users simultaneously. In the hierarchy that starts with a simple
microprocessor (in watches, for example) at the bottom and moves to supercomputers at
the top, mainframes are just below supercomputers. In some ways, mainframes are more
powerful than supercomputers because they support more simultaneous programs. But
supercomputers can execute a single program faster than a mainframe.

c) Mini Computer
A midsized computer. In size and power, minicomputers lie between workstations and
mainframes. In the past decade, the distinction between large minicomputers and small
mainframes has blurred, however, as has the distinction between small minicomputers
and workstations. But in general, a minicomputer is a multiprocessing system capable of
supporting from 4 to about 200 users simultaneously.

Computer Fundamentals - 11 -
Stratford College London
(DfES Registered Independent School)
63 Broadway, Stratford, London E15 4BQ
Tel: 02085197362 E-mail: [email protected]

d) Micro Computer
i. Desktop Computer: a personal or micro-mini computer sufficient to fit on a
desk.

ii. Laptop Computer: a portable computer complete with an integrated screen


and keyboard. It is generally smaller in size than a desktop computer and larger
than a notebook computer.

iii. Palmtop Computer/Digital Diary /Notebook /PDAs: a hand-sized


computer. Palmtops have no keyboard but the screen serves both as an input
and output device.

Computer Fundamentals - 12 -

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