PRACTICAL EXAM QUESTION OF PHP

1) Write a simple PHP program using expressions and using Arithmetic

operators.
<?php
// Simple PHP program using arithmetic operators with
short variable names

$a = 20;
$b = 6;

$sum = $a + $b;
$diff = $a - $b;
$prod = $a * $b;
$quot = $a / $b;
$rem = $a % $b;

echo "a = $a <br>";

echo "b = $b <br>";
echo "Sum = $sum <br>";
echo "Difference = $diff <br>";
echo "Product = $prod <br>";
echo "Quotient = $quot <br>";
echo "Remainder = $rem <br>";
?>
2) Write a simple PHP program using expressions and using Assignment
operators.
<?php
// Simple PHP program using assignment operators

$x = 10;
echo "Initial value of x: $x <br>"; // Output:
10

$x += 5;
echo "After x += 5: $x <br>"; // Output:
15

$x -= 3;
echo "After x -= 3: $x <br>"; // Output:
12

$x *= 2;
echo "After x *= 2: $x <br>"; // Output:
24
 $x /= 4;
echo "After x /= 4: $x <br>"; // Output: 6

$x %= 3;
echo "After x %= 3: $x <br>"; // Output: 0
?>
3) Write a simple PHP program using expressions and using Comparison
operators.
<?php
// Using Comparison Operators

$a = 10;
$b = 20;

echo "a = $a, b = $b <br>";

echo "a == b: " . ($a == $b ? "true" : "false") .
"<br>"; // false
echo "a != b: " . ($a != $b ? "true" : "false") .
"<br>"; // true
echo "a > b: " . ($a > $b ? "true" : "false") .
"<br>"; // false
echo "a < b: " . ($a < $b ? "true" : "false") .
"<br>"; // true
echo "a >= b: " . ($a >= $b ? "true" : "false") .
"<br>"; // false
echo "a <= b: " . ($a <= $b ? "true" : "false") .
"<br>"; // true
?>
4) Write a simple PHP program using expressions and using Increment
operators.
<?php
// Using Increment Operators

$x = 5;
echo "Original x: $x <br>"; // 5

echo "Post-increment: " . $x++ . "<br>"; // 5 (then x

becomes 6)
echo "After post-increment x: $x <br>"; // 6

echo "Pre-increment: " . ++$x . "<br>"; // 7

echo "After pre-increment x: $x <br>"; // 7
?>
5) Write a simple PHP program using expressions and using Decrement
operators.
<?php
// Using Decrement Operators

$y = 5;
echo "Original y: $y <br>"; // 5

echo "Post-decrement: " . $y-- . "<br>"; // 5 (then y

becomes 4)
echo "After post-decrement y: $y <br>"; // 4

echo "Pre-decrement: " . --$y . "<br>"; // 3

echo "After pre-decrement y: $y <br>"; // 3
?>
6) Write a simple PHP program using expressions and using Logical operators.
<?php
// Using Logical Operators

$a = true;
$b = false;

echo "a = true, b = false <br>";

echo "a && b: " . ($a && $b ? "true" : "false") .
"<br>"; // false
echo "a || b: " . ($a || $b ? "true" : "false") .
"<br>"; // true
echo "!a: " . (!$a ? "true" : "false") . "<br>";
// false
?>
7) Write a simple PHP program using expressions and using String operators.
<?php
// Using String Operators

$first = "Hello";
$second = "World";

$result = $first . " " . $second; // Concatenation

echo "Concatenated string: $result <br>"; // Output:
Hello World

$first .= " Everyone!";

echo "After .= operator: $first <br>"; // Output:
Hello Everyone!
 ?>
8) Write a simple PHP program using expressions and using Array operators.
<?php
$arr1 = array("a" => 1, "b" => 2);
$arr2 = array("b" => 2, "a" => 1);
$arr3 = array("a" => "1", "b" => 2);

// Union
$union = $arr1 + $arr2;
echo "Union: ";
print_r($union); // Output: a => 1, b => 2

// Equality
echo "<br>arr1 == arr2: " . ($arr1 == $arr2 ? "true" :
"false") . "<br>"; // true

// Identity
echo "arr1 === arr2: " . ($arr1 === $arr2 ? "true" :
"false") . "<br>"; // false

// Inequality
echo "arr1 != arr3: " . ($arr1 != $arr3 ? "true" :
"false") . "<br>"; // false

// Non-identity
echo "arr1 !== arr3: " . ($arr1 !== $arr3 ? "true" :
"false") . "<br>"; // true
?>
9) Write a PHP program to demonstrate the use of Decision making control
structures using-If statement
<?php
// Using If statement

$number = 10;

if ($number > 0) {
echo "The number is positive.";
}
?>
10) Write a PHP program to demonstrate the use of Decision making control
structures using-If else statement
<?php
// Using If-Else statement
 $number = -5;

if ($number > 0) {
echo "The number is positive.";
} else {
echo "The number is negative.";
}
?>
11) Write a PHP program to demonstrate the use of Decision making control
structures using-else if statement
<?php
// Using Else-If statement

$number = 0;

if ($number > 0) {
echo "The number is positive.";
} elseif ($number < 0) {
echo "The number is negative.";
} else {
echo "The number is zero.";
}
?>
12) Write a PHP program to demonstrate the use of Decision making control
structures using-switch statement
<?php
// Using Switch statement

$day = 3;

switch ($day) {
case 1:
echo "Monday";
break;
case 2:
echo "Tuesday";
break;
case 3:
echo "Wednesday";
break;
case 4:
echo "Thursday";
break;
case 5:
 echo "Friday";
break;
case 6:
echo "Saturday";
break;
case 7:
echo "Sunday";
break;
default:
echo "Invalid day";
}
?>
13) Write a PHP program to demonstrate the use of Looping structures using-
while statement
<?php
// Using While loop

$count = 1;

while ($count <= 5) {

echo "Count: $count <br>";
$count++;
}
?>
14) Write a PHP program to demonstrate the use of Looping structures using-
do while statement
<?php
// Using Do-While loop

$count = 1;

do {
echo "Count: $count <br>";
$count++;
} while ($count <= 5);
?>
15) Write a PHP program to demonstrate the use of Looping structures using-
for statement
<?php
// Using For loop

for ($i = 1; $i <= 5; $i++) {

echo "Number: $i <br>";
}
 ?>
16) Write a PHP program to demonstrate the use of Looping structures using-
for each statement
<?php
// Using For-Each loop

$colors = array("Red", "Green", "Blue", "Yellow");

foreach ($colors as $color) {

echo "Color: $color <br>";
}
?>
17) Write a PHP program for creating and manipulating-Indexed array
<?php
// Creating an indexed array
$fruits = array("Apple", "Banana", "Cherry");

// Accessing elements
echo "First fruit: " . $fruits[0] . "<br>"; // Apple
echo "Second fruit: " . $fruits[1] . "<br>"; // Banana

// Adding a new element

$fruits[] = "Orange"; // Appends Orange to the array
echo "New fruit: " . $fruits[3] . "<br>"; // Orange

// Removing an element
unset($fruits[1]); // Removes Banana
echo "After removal: ";
print_r($fruits); // Array ( [0] => Apple [2] => Cherry
[3] => Orange )
?>
18) Write a PHP program for creating and manipulating-Associative array
<?php
// Creating an associative array
$person = array("name" => "John", "age" => 25, "city"
=> "New York");

// Accessing elements
echo "Name: " . $person["name"] . "<br>"; // John
echo "Age: " . $person["age"] . "<br>"; // 25

// Adding a new key-value pair

$person["country"] = "USA";
echo "Country: " . $person["country"] . "<br>"; // USA
 // Removing an element
unset($person["city"]);
echo "After removal: ";
print_r($person); // Array ( [name] => John [age] => 25
[country] => USA )
?>
19) Write a PHP program for creating and manipulating- Multidimensional
array
<?php
// Creating a multidimensional array
$students = array(
"John" => array("age" => 18, "grade" => "A"),
"Jane" => array("age" => 19, "grade" => "B"),
"Doe" => array("age" => 20, "grade" => "A")
);

// Accessing nested array elements

echo "John's age: " . $students["John"]["age"] .
"<br>"; // 18
echo "Jane's grade: " . $students["Jane"]["grade"] .
"<br>"; // B

// Adding a new student

$students["Alice"] = array("age" => 22, "grade" =>
"A");
echo "Alice's age: " . $students["Alice"]["age"] .
"<br>"; // 22
?>
20) Write a PHP program to-Calculate length of string.
<?php
// Calculating length of string
$str = "Hello, World!";
$length = strlen($str);
echo "Length of string: $length <br>"; // 13
?>
21) Write a PHP program to Count the number of words in string without using
string functions.
<?php
// Counting words in a string without using string
functions
$str = "PHP is a popular scripting language";
$words = 0;
$inWord = false;
 for ($i = 0; $i < strlen($str); $i++) {
if ($str[$i] != ' ' && !$inWord) {
$words++;
$inWord = true;
} elseif ($str[$i] == ' ') {
$inWord = false;
}
}

echo "Number of words: $words <br>"; // 5

?>
22) Write a PHP program to Inherit members of super class in subclass.
<?php
// Superclass
class Animal {
public $name;
public $age;

public function __construct($name, $age) {

$this->name = $name;
$this->age = $age;
}

public function speak() {

echo "$this->name makes a sound<br>";
}
}

// Subclass
class Dog extends Animal {
public function speak() {
echo "$this->name barks<br>";
}
}

$dog = new Dog("Buddy", 3);

$dog->speak(); // Buddy barks
?>
23) Write a PHP program Create constructor to initialize object of class by
using object oriented concepts.
<?php
// Class with constructor
class Person {
 public $name;
public $age;

// Constructor to initialize properties

public function __construct($name, $age) {
$this->name = $name;
$this->age = $age;
}

// Method to display person details

public function display() {
echo "Name: $this->name, Age: $this->age<br>";
}
}

// Creating object and initializing with constructor

$person1 = new Person("Alice", 30);
$person1->display(); // Name: Alice, Age: 30

$person2 = new Person("Bob", 25);

$person2->display(); // Name: Bob, Age: 25
?>
24) Design a web page using following form controls: a. Text box, b. Radio
button, c. Check box, d. Buttons.
index.html
<html>
<head>
<title>Form Controls Example</title>
</head>
<body>
<h2>User Information Form</h2>
<form method="POST" action="process_form.php">
<!-- Text Box -->
Name: <input type="text" name="name"
placeholder="Enter your name"><br><br>

<!-- Radio Buttons -->

Gender:
<input type="radio" name="gender" value="male">
Male
<input type="radio" name="gender"
value="female"> Female<br><br>

<!-- Checkboxes -->

Hobbies:
 <input type="checkbox" name="hobbies[]"
value="Reading"> Reading
<input type="checkbox" name="hobbies[]"
value="Travelling"> Travelling
<input type="checkbox" name="hobbies[]"
value="Coding"> Coding<br><br>

<!-- Buttons -->

<button type="submit">Submit</button>
<button type="reset">Reset</button>
</form>
</body>
</html>

process_form.php
<?php
// process_form.php

if ($_SERVER["REQUEST_METHOD"] == "POST") {
// Collect form data
$name = $_POST['name'];
$gender = $_POST['gender'];
$hobbies = isset($_POST['hobbies']) ?
$_POST['hobbies'] : array();

// Displaying the data

echo "<h3>Submitted Data:</h3>";
echo "Name: $name<br>";
echo "Gender: $gender<br>";

// Display hobbies without using implode

echo "Hobbies: ";
if (count($hobbies) > 0) {
foreach ($hobbies as $hobby) {
echo $hobby . " ";
}
} else {
echo "None";
}
echo "<br>";
}
?>
25) Develop web page with data validation.
index.html
<!DOCTYPE html>
 <html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,
initial-scale=1.0">
<title>Form with Data Validation</title>
</head>
<body>
<h2>User Information Form</h2>
<form method="POST" action="process_form.php">
Name: <input type="text" name="name"
required><br><br>
Email: <input type="email" name="email"
required><br><br>
Phone Number: <input type="tel" name="phone"
required><br><br>
Gender:
<input type="radio" name="gender" value="male"
required> Male
<input type="radio" name="gender"
value="female" required> Female<br><br>
Hobbies:
<input type="checkbox" name="hobbies[]"
value="Reading"> Reading
<input type="checkbox" name="hobbies[]"
value="Travelling"> Travelling
<input type="checkbox" name="hobbies[]"
value="Coding"> Coding<br><br>
<button type="submit">Submit</button>
</form>
</body>
</html>

process_form.php
<?php
if ($_SERVER["REQUEST_METHOD"] == "POST") {
// Collect form data
$name = $_POST['name'];
$email = $_POST['email'];
$phone = $_POST['phone'];
$gender = $_POST['gender'];
$hobbies = isset($_POST['hobbies']) ?
$_POST['hobbies'] : [];

// Simple validation and displaying data

 if (empty($name) || empty($email) || empty($phone)
|| empty($gender) || empty($hobbies)) {
echo "Please fill all the required
fields.<br>";
} else {
echo "<h3>Submitted Data:</h3>";
echo "Name: $name<br>";
echo "Email: $email<br>";
echo "Phone Number: $phone<br>";
echo "Gender: $gender<br>";
echo "Hobbies: " . implode(", ", $hobbies) .
"<br>";
}
}
?>
26) Write simple PHP program to Set cookies and read it.
set_cookie.php
<?php
// Set a cookie for the user
$name = "user";
$value = "John Doe";
$expireTime = time() + (86400 * 30); // Cookie will
expire in 30 days
$path = "/"; // Available across the entire site

setcookie($name, $value, $expireTime, $path);

if (isset($_COOKIE[$name])) {
echo "Cookie '$name' is already set!<br>";
} else {
echo "Cookie '$name' is not set yet.<br>";
}
?>

<!-- Link to read the cookie -->

<a href="read_cookie.php">Click here to read the
cookie</a>

read_cookie.php
<?php
// Check if the cookie is set
if (isset($_COOKIE["user"])) {
echo "Hello, " . $_COOKIE["user"] . "!<br>";
} else {
echo "Cookie 'user' is not set.<br>";
 }
?>

<!-- Link to set the cookie -->

<a href="set_cookie.php">Click here to set the
cookie</a>
27) Develop a simple application to Enter data into database
SQL to Create Database and Table:
CREATE DATABASE userDB;

USE userDB;

CREATE TABLE users (

id INT AUTO_INCREMENT PRIMARY KEY,
name VARCHAR(100) NOT NULL,
email VARCHAR(100) NOT NULL,
phone VARCHAR(20) NOT NULL
);

index.html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-
width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>Enter Data into Database</title>
</head>
<body>
<h2>Enter Your Information</h2>
<form method="POST" action="insert_data.php">
Name: <input type="text" name="name"
required><br><br>
Email: <input type="email" name="email"
required><br><br>
Phone: <input type="text" name="phone"
required><br><br>
<button type="submit">Submit</button>
</form>
</body>
</html>

insert_data.php
<?php
// Database connection details
 $servername = "localhost"; // MySQL server (use
'localhost' if it's on the same machine)
$username = "root"; // Database username (default
is 'root' for local servers)
$password = ""; // Database password (default is
empty for local servers)
$dbname = "userDB"; // Database name

// Create connection
$conn = new mysqli($servername, $username,
$password, $dbname);

// Check connection
if ($conn->connect_error) {
die("Connection failed: " . $conn-
>connect_error);
}

// Check if form is submitted

if ($_SERVER["REQUEST_METHOD"] == "POST") {
// Get form data
$name = $_POST['name'];
$email = $_POST['email'];
$phone = $_POST['phone'];

// Prepare SQL query to insert data into the

users table
$sql = "INSERT INTO users (name, email, phone)
VALUES ('$name', '$email', '$phone')";

// Execute the query

if ($conn->query($sql) === TRUE) {
echo "New record created successfully!";
} else {
echo "Error: " . $sql . "<br>" . $conn-
>error;
}
}

// Close the connection

$conn->close();
?>
28) Develop a simple application to retrieve and present data from database.
SQL to Create Database and Table:
CREATE DATABASE userDB;
 USE userDB;

CREATE TABLE users (

id INT AUTO_INCREMENT PRIMARY KEY,
name VARCHAR(100) NOT NULL,
email VARCHAR(100) NOT NULL,
phone VARCHAR(20) NOT NULL
);

INSERT INTO users (name, email, phone)

VALUES
('John Doe', '[email protected]', '1234567890'),
('Jane Smith', '[email protected]', '9876543210');

view_data.php
<?php
// Database connection details
$servername = "localhost"; // MySQL server (use
'localhost' for local server)
$username = "root"; // Database username (default is
'root' for local servers)
$password = ""; // Database password (default is
empty for local servers)
$dbname = "userDB"; // Database name

// Create connection
$conn = new mysqli($servername, $username,
$password, $dbname);

// Check connection
if ($conn->connect_error) {
die("Connection failed: " . $conn-
>connect_error);
}

// SQL query to retrieve data from users table

$sql = "SELECT id, name, email, phone FROM users";
$result = $conn->query($sql);

// Check if there are results

if ($result->num_rows > 0) {
// Output data of each row
echo "<h2>User Information</h2>";
echo "<table border='1'>
 <tr>
<th>ID</th>
<th>Name</th>
<th>Email</th>
<th>Phone</th>
</tr>";

while($row = $result->fetch_assoc()) {
echo "<tr>
<td>" . $row["id"] . "</td>
<td>" . $row["name"] . "</td>
<td>" . $row["email"] . "</td>
<td>" . $row["phone"] . "</td>
</tr>";
}
echo "</table>";
} else {
echo "No data found!";
}

// Close the connection

$conn->close();
?>