CROP INFORMATION AND SOLUTION SYSTEM

A Project Report
Submitted in Partial fulfilment
of the Degree of
Bachelors of Computer
Applications

Supervisor’s Name: Dr. Deepti Khana Submitted by: Shristy Juyal

Enrollment No: 120921101
Semester: VI

Jagan Nath University

Bahadurgarh (NCR)
(2021-24)
 PROJECT CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the project report entitled CROP INFORMATION AND SOLUTION
SYSTEM submitted to Jagan Nath University, Bahadurgarh in partial fulfilment of the requirement
for the award of the degree of BACHELOR OF COMPUTER APPLICATIONS (BCA), is an
original work carried out by Shristy Juyal. Enrollment No: 120921101 under the guidance of Dr.
Deepti Khana. The matter embodied in this project is a genuine work done by the student and has not
been submitted whether to this University or to any other University / Institute for the fulfilment of the
requirement of any course of study.

Name of Student: Shristy Juyal Name of the Guide: Dr. Deepti Khana

Signature of Student Signature of the Guide

Enrollment No: 120921101 Date:

 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I would like to express a deep sense of thanks and gratitude to my project Dr. Deepti Khana, for
guiding me immensely through the course of the project. She always evinced keen interest in my work.
Her constructive advice and constant motivation have been responsible for the successful completion of
this project. My sincere thanks goes to Mr. Mohit Mathur, our HOD of IT Department for his
coordination in extending every possible support for the completion of the project. I also thanks to my
parents for their motivation and support. I would also like to thank to my classmates for their timely
help for compilation of this project. Least but not the least, I would like to thank to all those who had
helped directly or indirectly towards the completion of the project.

Thanking You
Shristy Juyal
BCA 3rd Year
 INDEX

S. No Title Page No.

1. Introduction 1
2. Objectives 2
3. Tools / Environment 3
4. Problem Definition 4
5. Analysis Document 5
6. Design Document 12
7. Source Code 13
8. Input and Output Screens 24
9. Limitations of the Project 32
10. Future Applications of the Project 33
11. Bibliography
 INTRODUCTION

In the world of developing technologies, the success of sharing information will help the agriculturists in
realizing and developing their potential. The information sharing is that the valuable and timely information
is being shared between agriculturists, either formally or informally. The willingness of information sharing
refers to the open attitude among agriculturists. This open attitude determines the degree and scope of
information sharing. Using web-technologies like html and css we build the web application , we create
dataset by gathering data from multiple resources and place them in place which is used to predict the price of
the crop and results are subjected to non-linear test later priorities are set and rankings are given to the list of
crops. Place information in our application and share that information to agriculturists whose data is collected
and stored in the mysql server. we software to automatically send the updated information to the agriculturists
in the form of text message. So that agriculturists no need to go to near by towns and cities to know the
updated information. We will be machine learning algorithms to predict the price of the crop for the next two
months. For prediction purpose we will be using Support vector machine(SVM), Naïve Baye’s (NB) and K-
Nearest Neighbour(KNN) algorithms to predict the cost of the crop production. Further, a ranking process is
applied .
 OBJECTIVES

● Data set collection from various sources.

● Data parsing and cleansing technique is applied to make the raw data into processing data.
● The data collected is subject to machine learning system along with run time analysis makes an efficient
crop value updation system.
● Usage of Ensemble of classifiers makes the model more robust and efficient.
● Ranking technique used in the project helps us to make efficient decisions.

● Creating a web application for user registrations and collection of data.

● The main objective is to obtain a better variety of crops that can be grown over the season. The proposed
system would help to minimize the difficulties faced by farmers in choosing a crop and maximize the yield.
● The model predicts the crop yield by studying factors such as rainfall, temperature, area, season, soil type
etc.
 TOOLS/ENVIRONMENT

System Software/ Hardware Requirements

Client/ Server System Operating System Windows 10

Language Used HTML, Css, Python

Compiler used Vs Code

Size on Disk 36.0 KB (36,864 bytes)

RAM Minimum 500 MBs
 PROBLEM DEFINITION

Based on predicted rainfall, soil contents and weather parameters the system will recommend the most
suitable crop for cultivation. This system also provides details about required fertilizers like Nitrogen(N),
Phosphorus (P) and potassium(K) in Kg per hectare and display the required seed for a cultivation in Kg per
acre for recommended crop. This system as contain some other feature such as display the current market
price and approximated yield in quintal per acre for recommended crop. Those all details will helps to
farmers for choosing the most profitable crop.

Crop prediction is an essential task for the decision-makers at national and regional levels for rapid decision-
making. An accurate crop yield prediction model can help farmers to decide on what to grow and when to
grow. The dataset contains following 22 crops: ['rice', 'maize', 'chickpea', 'kidneybeans', 'pigeonpeas',
'mothbeans', 'mungbean', 'blackgram', 'lentil', 'pomegranate', 'banana', 'mango', 'grapes', 'watermelon',
'muskmelon', 'apple', 'orange', 'papaya', 'coconut', 'cotton', 'jute', 'coffee']
 ANALYSIS DOCUMENT

An Analysis of Crop Recommendation Systems Employing Diverse Machine Learning Algorithms discusses
how machine learning algorithms can predict agricultural yields and recommend crop management practices.
The algorithms used in this project include Decision Tree, Logistic Regression, Random Forest Classifier.

 It includes:

1. SRS: Software Requirements Specification

2. DFD: Data Flow Diagram

3. UD: Use Case Diagram

1. (SRS) Software Requirements Specification:

A software requirements specification (SRS) is a document that describes what the

software will do and how it will be expected to perform. It also describes the functionality
the product needs to fulfill all stakeholders (business, users) needs.

 Introduction

CROP INFORMATION AND SOLUTION SYSTEM: This document provides a comprehensive

Software Requirements Specification (SRS) for the Crop Recommendation System. The purpose
of this system is to assist farmers and agricultural consultants in selecting the most suitable crops
to plant based on various factors like soil type, climate conditions, and current market trends.

 Scope

The Crop Recommendation System is a web-based application that will provide crop
recommendations based on inputs such as soil characteristics, weather data, and user preferences.
The system aims to enhance agricultural productivity and profitability by helping users make
decisions.
2. DFD : Data Flow Diagram:

1. The DFD is also called as bubble chart. It is a simple graphical formalism that can be used to
represent a system in terms of input data to the system, various processing carried out on this data, and the
output data is generated by this system.
2. The data flow diagram (DFD) is one of the most important modeling tools. It is used to model the
system components. These components are the system process, the data used by the process, an external
entity that interacts with the system and the information flows in the system.
3. DFD shows how the information moves through the system and how it is modified by a series of
transformations. It is a graphical technique that depicts information flow and the transformations that are
applied as data moves from input to output.
4. DFD is also known as bubble chart. A DFD may be used to represent a system at any level of
abstraction. DFD may be partitioned into levels that represent increasing information flow and functional
detail.

Fig. 2.1
3. UD : Use case Diagram:

Use case diagrams overview the usage requirement for system. They are useful for presentations to
management and/or project stakeholders, but for actual development you will find that use cases provide
significantly more value because they describe “the meant” of the actual requirements. A use case describes
a sequence of action that provides something of measurable value to an action and is drawn as a horizontal
ellipse.

Fig. 3.1
 AIM AND SCOPE OF THE PROJECT INVESTIGATION

Aim:
Our Aim from the project is to make a ML model which takes student data trains itself using various Machine
Learning techniques and Algorithms (Random Forest, Decision Tree) and predict the yield and best fertilizer
that suits for the crops in virtual environment by considering the overall factors that contribute in his overall
yield.

Secondly, to learn the required tech stacks and use it to make model with an python application and lastly to
execute it get output about yield and best fertilizer for the crop.

Scope:

This Project can be used to get the student performance with more accuracy than any other model published
earlier and we can also make some mobile or web application based on the model.
 ALGORITHMS USED

1. RANDOM FOREST ALGORITHM:

Random Forest is a popular machine learning algorithm that belongs to the supervised learning technique. It
can be used for both Classification and Regression problems in ML. It is based on the concept of ensemble
learning, which is a process of combining multiple classifiers to solve a complex problem and to improve the
performance of the model.

As the name suggests, "Random Forest is a classifier that contains a number of decision trees on various
subsets of the given dataset and takes the average to improve the predictive accuracy of that dataset."

Instead of relying on one decision tree, the random forest takes the prediction from each tree and based on
the majority votes of predictions, and it predicts the final output.

The greater number of trees in the forest leads to higher accuracy and prevents the problem of over fitting.

Random Forest works in two-phase first is to create the random forest by combining N decision tree, and
second is to make predictions for each tree created in the first phase.
The Working process can be explained in the below steps:
Step-1: Select random K data points from the training set.

Step-2: Build the decision trees associated with the selected data points.

Step-3: Choose the number N for decision trees that you want to build.
Step-4: Repeat Step 1 & 2.
Step-5: For new data points, find the predictions of each decision tree, and assign the new data points to the
category that wins the majority votes.
2. DECISION TREE:

Decision Tree is a Supervised learning technique that can be used for both classification and Regression
problems, but mostly it is preferred for solving Classification problems. It is a tree-structured classifier, where
internal nodes represent the features of a dataset, branches represent the decision rules and each leaf node
represents the outcome.

In a Decision tree, there are two nodes, which are the Decision Node and Leaf Node.

Decision nodes are used to make any decision and have multiple branches, whereas Leaf nodes are the output
of those decisions and do not contain any further branches.

The decisions or the test are performed on the basis of features of the given dataset. It is a graphical
representation for getting all the possible solutions to a problem/decision based on given conditions.

It is called a decision tree because, similar to a tree, it starts with the root node, which expands on further
branches and constructs a tree-like structure.

In order to build a tree, we use the CART algorithm, which stands for Classification and Regression Tree
algorithm.

A decision tree simply asks a question, and based on the answer (Yes/No), it further split the tree into
subtrees.

The complete process can be better understood using the below algorithm:

Step-1: Begin the tree with the root node, says S, which contains the complete dataset.

Step-2: Find the best attribute in the dataset using Attribute Selection Measure (ASM).

Step-3: Divide the S into subsets that contains possible values for the best attributes.

Step-4: Generate the decision tree node, which contains the best attribute.

Step-5: Recursively make new decision trees using the subsets of the dataset created in step -3. Continue this
process until a stage is reached where you cannot further classify the nodes and called the final node.
3. SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE:
 DESIGN DOCUMENT

1. Modularization
 Metadata

 Data Pre-processing

 Crop Prediction Module

 Crop Recommendation Module MODULES DESCRIPTION:

.
 SOURCE CODE

import pandas as pd
df = pd.read_csv('crop_recommendation.csv')
df.head()

N P K temperature humidity ph rainfall label

0 90 42 43 20.879744 82.002744 6.502985 202.935536
rice
1 85 58 41 21.770462 80.319644 7.038096 226.655537
rice
2 60 55 44 23.004459 82.320763 7.840207 263.964248
rice
3 74 35 40 26.491096 80.158363 6.980401 242.864034
rice
4 78 42 42 20.130175 81.604873 7.628473 262.717340
rice

df.isnull().sum()

N 0
P 0
K 0
temperature 0
humidity 0
ph 0
rainfall 0
label 0
dtype: int64
df.info()

<class 'pandas.core.frame.DataFrame'>
RangeIndex: 2200 entries, 0 to 2199
Data columns (total 8 columns):
# Column Non-Null Count Dtype
--- ------ -------------- -----
0 N 2200 non-null int64
1 P 2200 non-null int64
2 K 2200 non-null int64
3 temperature 2200 non-null float64
4 humidity 2200 non-null float64
5 ph 2200 non-null float64
6 rainfall 2200 non-null float64
7 label 2200 non-null object
dtypes: float64(4), int64(3), object(1)
memory usage: 137.6+ KB

df['label'].value_counts()

label
rice 100
maize 100
jute 100
cotton 100
coconut 100
papaya 100
orange 100
apple 100
muskmelon 100
watermelon 100
grapes 100
mango 100
banana 100
pomegranate 100
lentil 100
blackgram 100
mungbean 100
mothbeans 100
pigeonpeas 100
kidneybeans 100
chickpea 100
coffee 100
Name: count, dtype: int64

x = df.drop('label', axis=1)
y = df['label']

x.info()

<class 'pandas.core.frame.DataFrame'>
RangeIndex: 2200 entries, 0 to 2199
Data columns (total 7 columns):
# Column Non-Null Count Dtype
--- ------ -------------- -----
0 N 2200 non-null int64
1 P 2200 non-null int64
2 K 2200 non-null int64
3 temperature 2200 non-null float64
4 humidity 2200 non-null float64
5 ph 2200 non-null float64
6 rainfall 2200 non-null float64
dtypes: float64(4), int64(3)
memory usage: 120.4 KB
y.info()

<class 'pandas.core.series.Series'>
RangeIndex: 2200 entries, 0 to 2199
Series name: label
Non-Null Count Dtype
-------------- -----
2200 non-null object
dtypes: object(1)
memory usage: 17.3+ KB

from sklearn.model_selection import train_test_split

x_train, x_test, y_train, y_test = train_test_split(x,y, random_state=1, test_size=0.2)

x_train.info()

<class 'pandas.core.frame.DataFrame'>
Index: 1760 entries, 1863 to 1061
Data columns (total 7 columns):
# Column Non-Null Count Dtype
--- ------ -------------- -----
0 N 1760 non-null int64
1 P 1760 non-null int64
2 K 1760 non-null int64
3 temperature 1760 non-null float64
4 humidity 1760 non-null float64
5 ph 1760 non-null float64
6 rainfall 1760 non-null float64
dtypes: float64(4), int64(3)
memory usage: 110.0 KB

x_test.info()

<class 'pandas.core.frame.DataFrame'>
Index: 440 entries, 1276 to 1263
Data columns (total 7 columns):
# Column Non-Null Count Dtype
--- ------ -------------- -----
0 N 440 non-null int64
1 P 440 non-null int64
2 K 440 non-null int64
3 temperature 440 non-null float64
4 humidity 440 non-null float64
5 ph 440 non-null float64
6 rainfall 440 non-null float64
dtypes: float64(4), int64(3)
memory usage: 27.5 KB

y_train.info()

<class 'pandas.core.series.Series'>
Index: 1760 entries, 1863 to 1061
Series name: label
Non-Null Count Dtype
-------------- -----
1760 non-null object
dtypes: object(1)
memory usage: 27.5+ KB

y_test.info()

<class 'pandas.core.series.Series'>
Index: 440 entries, 1276 to 1263
Series name: label
Non-Null Count Dtype
-------------- -----
440 non-null object
dtypes: object(1)
memory usage: 6.9+ KB

from sklearn.linear_model import LogisticRegression

model=LogisticRegression()
model.fit(x_test, y_test)

y_pred1=model.predict(x_test)

from sklearn.metrics import accuracy_score

logistic_reg_acc=accuracy_score(y_test, y_pred1)
print("Logistic accuracy is "+ str(logistic_reg_acc))
Logistic accuracy is 0.9954545454545455

from sklearn.tree import DecisionTreeClassifier

model2=DecisionTreeClassifier()
model2.fit(x_train, y_train)
y_pred2=model2.predict(x_test)

decision_acc=accuracy_score(y_test, y_pred2)
print("Decision accuracy is "+ str(decision_acc))

Decision accuracy is 0.9954545454545455

from sklearn.ensemble import RandomForestClassifier

model3=RandomForestClassifier()
model3.fit(x_train, y_train)
y_pred3=model3.predict(x_test)

random_acc=accuracy_score(y_test, y_pred3)
print("Random accuracy is "+ str(random_acc))

Random accuracy is 0.9977272727272727

import joblib

joblib.dump(model2, 'crop_app')

['crop_app']
app=joblib.load('crop_app')

arr = [[90,42,43,20.879744,82.002744,6.502985,202.935536]]
out = app.predict(arr)

out

array(['rice'], dtype=object)

import joblib
from flask import Flask, render_template, request, redirect
app = Flask(__name__)

@app.route('/')
def home():
return render_template('home.html')

@app.route('/Predict')
def prediction():
return render_template('index.html')

@app.route('/form', methods=["POST"])
def brain():
Nitrogen = float(request.form['Nitrogen'])
Phosphorus = float(request.form['Phosphorus'])
Potassium = float(request.form['Potassium'])
Temperature = float(request.form['Temperature'])
Humidity = float(request.form['Humidity'])
Ph = float(request.form['PH'])
 Rainfall = float(request.form['Rainfall'])

values = [Nitrogen,Phosphorus,Potassium,Temperature,Humidity,Ph,Rainfall]

joblib.load("crop_app",'r')
model = joblib.load(open('crop_app','rb'))
arr = [values]
acc = model.predict(arr)

return render_template('prediction.html', prediction=str(acc[0]))

if __name__ == '__main__':
app.run(debug=True)

import joblib
from flask import Flask, render_template, request, redirect
app = Flask(__name__)

@app.route('/')
def home():
return render_template('home.html')

@app.route('/Predict')
def prediction():
return render_template('index.html')

@app.route('/form', methods=["POST"])
def brain():
Nitrogen = float(request.form['Nitrogen'])
Phosphorus = float(request.form['Phosphorus'])
Potassium = float(request.form['Potassium'])
Temperature = float(request.form['Temperature'])
Humidity = float(request.form['Humidity'])
Ph = float(request.form['PH'])
Rainfall = float(request.form['Rainfall'])

values = [Nitrogen,Phosphorus,Potassium,Temperature,Humidity,Ph,Rainfall]

joblib.load("crop_app",'r')
model = joblib.load(open('crop_app','rb'))
arr = [values]
acc = model.predict(arr)

return render_template('prediction.html', prediction=str(acc[0]))

if __name__ == '__main__':
app.run(debug=True)

input[type="submit"] {
display: block;
margin: 0 auto;
width: 100px;
padding: 10px;
border: none;
border-radius: 5px;
background-color: #4CAF50;
 color: white;
cursor: pointer;
}

body {
background-image: url(./bg_image.jpg);
background-size: cover;
background-repeat: no-repeat;
}

main {
text-align: center;
padding: 50px;
}

h1 {
font-size: 36px;
margin-bottom: 20px;
color: whitesmoke;
}

p{
font-size: 16px;
color: rgb(218, 213, 213);
}

h3 {
font-size: 20px;
color: rgb(224, 221, 221);
 }

h2 {
font-size: 25px;
color: rgb(218, 216, 216);
}

body {
margin: 20px;
background-image: url(./bg_image.jpg);
background-size: cover;
background-repeat: no-repeat;
}

form {
width: 500px;
margin: 0 auto;
padding-top: 1px;
padding-bottom: 30px;
padding-right: 20px;
padding-left: 20px;
text-align: center;
background-color: palevioletred;
border-radius: 10px;
}

input[type="number"] {
width: 90%;
padding: 10px;
 margin-top: 10px;
border-radius: 5px;
border: none;
}

input[type="submit"] {
width: 95%;
padding: 10px;
margin-top: 20px;
border-radius: 5px;
border: none;
background-color: darkgreen;
color: white;
cursor: pointer;
}

label {
font-size: 16px;
margin-top: 20px;
display: block;
}

.back-button {
position: absolute;
top: 20px;
left: 20px;
text-decoration: none;
color: #fff;
background-color: #007bff;
 padding: 10px 20px;
border-radius: 5px;
font-size: 16px;
font-family: Arial, sans-serif;
transition: background-color 0.3s ease;
}

.back-button:hover {
background-color: #0056b3;
}

body {
margin: 20px;
background-image: url(./bg_image.jpg);
background-size: cover;
background-repeat: no-repeat;
color: #f4f4f4;
font-family: Arial, sans-serif;
}

a{
text-decoration: none;
color: #fff;
background-color: red;
padding: 10px 20px;
border-radius: 5px;
font-size: 18px;
transition: background-color 0.3s ease, transform 0.2s ease;
}
a:hover {
background-color: #e0939d;
transform: scale(1.05);
}

h1 {
font-size: 36px;
font-weight: bold;
color: yellow;
text-shadow: 2px 2px 5px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.7);
}
 DATASET

temperatur humidit
N P K e y ph rainfall label
82.0027 6.50298 202.935
90 42 43 20.87974 4 5 5 rice
80.3196 7.03809 226.655
85 58 41 21.77046 4 6 5 rice
82.3207 7.84020 263.964
60 55 44 23.00446 6 7 2 rice
80.1583 6.98040
74 35 40 26.4911 6 1 242.864 rice
81.6048 7.62847 262.717
78 42 42 20.13017 7 3 3 rice
83.3701 7.07345
69 37 42 23.05805 2 4 251.055 rice
82.6394 5.70080 271.324
69 55 38 22.70884 1 6 9 rice
82.8940 5.71862 241.974
94 53 40 20.27774 9 7 2 rice
83.5352 6.68534 230.446
89 54 38 24.51588 2 6 2 rice
83.0332 6.33625 221.209
68 58 38 23.22397 3 4 2 rice
81.4175 5.38616 264.614
91 53 40 26.52724 4 8 9 rice
81.4506 7.50283 250.083
90 46 42 23.97898 2 4 2 rice
80.8868 5.10868 284.436
78 58 44 26.8008 5 2 5 rice
82.0568 6.98435 185.277
93 56 36 24.01498 7 4 3 rice
80.6638
94 50 37 25.66585 5 6.94802 209.587 rice
80.3002 7.04229 231.086
60 48 39 24.28209 6 9 3 rice
82.7883 6.24905 276.655
85 38 41 21.58712 7 1 2 rice
80.4181 206.261
91 35 39 23.79392 8 6.97086 2 rice
5.95393
77 38 36 21.86525 80.1923 3 224.555 rice
5.85393 291.298
88 35 40 23.57944 83.5876 2 7 rice
80.4747 6.44247 185.497
89 45 36 21.32504 6 5 5 rice
83.1171 5.07017 231.384
76 40 43 25.15746 3 6 3 rice
67 59 41 21.94767 80.9738 6.01263 213.356 rice
 4 3 1
6.25402 233.107
83 41 43 21.05254 82.6784 8 6 rice
81.3326 7.37548 224.058
98 47 37 23.48381 5 3 1 rice
80.5238 7.77891 257.003
66 53 41 25.07564 9 5 9 rice
84.0440 271.358
97 59 43 26.35927 4 6.2865 6 rice
80.5449 260.263
97 50 41 24.52923 9 7.07096 4 rice
84.4977 6.24484 240.081
60 49 44 20.77576 4 1 1 rice
80.6441 6.04330 197.979
84 51 35 22.30157 6 5 1 rice
84.9437 5.82470 272.201
73 57 41 21.44654 6 9 7 rice
80.3312 6.35738 200.088
92 35 40 22.17932 7 9 3 rice
82.7368 6.36413 224.675
85 37 39 24.52784 6 5 7 rice
81.6389 5.01450 270.441
98 53 38 20.26708 5 7 7 rice
83.8826 6.14941 233.132
88 54 44 25.73543 6 1 1 rice
82.1480 5.95066 193.347
95 55 42 26.79534 9 1 4 rice
81.1773 272.299
99 57 35 26.75754 4 5.96037 9 rice
83.1525 5.56139 285.249
95 39 36 23.8633 1 9 4 rice
82.9522 7.41624 298.401
60 43 44 21.01945 2 5 8 rice
83.7287 257.034
63 44 41 24.17299 6 5.58337 4 rice
82.0671 248.718
62 42 36 22.78134 9 6.43001 3 rice
83.5284 5.53487 209.900
64 45 43 25.6298 2 8 2 rice
80.1450 6.90398 200.834
83 60 36 25.59705 9 6 9 rice
6.27147 298.560
82 40 40 23.83067 84.8136 9 1 rice
82.3669 7.22428 265.535
85 52 45 26.31355 9 6 6 rice
80.5258 6.13428 183.679
91 35 38 24.89728 6 7 3 rice
84.4796 5.20637
76 49 42 24.95878 3 3 196.956 rice
74 39 38 23.24114 84.5920 7.78205 233.045 rice
 2 1 3
80.7096 7.06277 210.814
79 43 39 21.66628 1 9 2 rice
80.4136 7.73036 253.720
88 55 45 24.63545 3 8 3 rice
5.28620 219.904
60 36 43 23.43122 83.0631 4 8 rice
80.3477
76 60 39 20.04541 6 6.76624 208.581 rice
82.2257 7.38276 195.094
93 56 42 23.85724 3 3 8 rice
81.8991 5.65816 227.363
65 60 43 21.97199 8 9 7 rice
83.8362 286.508
95 52 36 26.22917 6 5.54336 4 rice
84.7935 283.933
75 38 39 23.44677 2 6.21511 8 rice
83.4702 7.12027 217.378
74 54 38 25.65553 1 3 9 rice
82.4543 5.95064 267.976
91 36 45 24.44345 3 8 2 rice
82.1235 7.23670 191.953
71 46 40 20.28019 4 5 6 rice
80.2389 6.50169 277.962
99 55 35 21.72383 9 8 6 rice
82.2080 7.59249 245.151
72 40 38 20.41447 3 1 1 rice
83.5182 5.87534 245.662
83 58 45 25.75529 7 6 7 rice
83.7734 279.545
93 58 38 20.61521 6 6.9324 2 rice
80.7288 202.383
70 36 42 21.84107 6 6.94621 8 rice
83.2911 5.73917 263.637
76 47 42 20.0837 5 5 2 rice
82.7483 6.73865 182.561
99 41 36 24.45802 6 2 6 rice
80.3350 198.673
99 54 37 21.14347 3 5.59482 1 rice
82.1112 6.94663
86 59 35 25.78721 4 6 243.512 rice
80.2859 263.110
69 46 41 23.64125 8 5.01214 3 rice
80.5688 6.36347 269.503
91 56 37 23.43192 8 2 9 rice
83.8918 6.88043 204.800
61 52 41 24.9767 1 1 2 rice
82.1706 7.30041 260.887
67 45 38 22.72791 9 1 5 rice
79 42 37 24.87301 82.8402 6.58791 295.609 rice
 3 9 4
7.28373 192.319
78 43 42 21.32376 83.0032 7 8 rice
84.5691 7.02393 257.491
75 54 36 26.29465 9 6 5 rice
81.8587 6.93908 278.079
97 36 45 22.2287 3 4 2 rice
81.7859 7.86847 280.404
67 47 44 26.73072 7 5 4 rice
81.9792 5.00530 185.946
73 35 38 24.88921 7 7 1 rice
81.4603 6.13613 194.576
77 36 37 26.88445 4 2 7 rice
83.7287 200.913
81 41 38 22.67846 4 7.52408 3 rice
5.70694 182.904
68 57 43 26.08868 80.3798 3 4 rice
82.9468 5.75850 195.357
72 45 35 25.42978 3 6 5 rice
81.0563 6.34960 223.367
61 53 43 26.40323 6 6 2 rice
84.9690 5.99996 186.753
67 43 39 26.04372 7 9 7 rice
80.5437 5.45359 220.115
67 58 39 25.28272 3 2 7 rice
83.4703 6.37257 231.736
66 60 38 22.08577 8 6 5 rice
81.4332 5.10558 242.317
82 43 38 23.28617 2 8 1 rice
81.4063 5.93534 182.654
84 50 44 25.48592 4 4 9 rice
81.0356 5.17782 233.703
81 53 42 23.67575 9 3 5 rice
84.1341 6.46239 230.224
91 50 40 20.82477 9 2 2 rice
81.9141 7.06917 290.679
93 53 38 26.92995 1 2 4 rice
83.8838 7.47313 241.201
90 44 38 23.8351 7 4 4 rice
80.1226 6.15837 218.916
81 45 35 26.52873 7 7 4 rice
83.8564 7.54987 248.225
78 40 38 26.46428 3 4 6 rice
82.8108 6.02832 256.996
60 51 36 22.69658 9 2 5 rice
83.4635 6.60499 194.265
88 46 42 22.68319 8 3 2 rice
82.1400 6.50034 295.924
93 47 37 21.53346 4 3 9 rice
60 55 45 21.40866 83.3293 5.93574 287.576 rice
 2 5 7
84.6735 7.07265 183.622
78 35 44 26.54348 4 6 3 rice
83.5951 5.33332 188.413
65 37 40 23.35905 2 3 7 rice
63.6907 5.74991 87.7595
71 54 16 22.6136 1 4 4 maize
71.5747 6.93175 102.266
61 44 17 26.10018 7 7 2 maize
71.5935 6.65796 66.7199
80 43 16 23.55882 1 5 5 maize
57.6827 6.59606 60.6517
73 58 21 19.97216 3 1 1 maize
62.6950 5.97045 65.4383
61 38 20 18.47891 4 8 5 maize
57.8084 6.15883 102.086
68 41 16 21.77689 1 1 2 maize
66.5041 6.04790 105.465
93 41 17 25.62172 5 7 5 maize
66.6902 5.91366
89 60 19 25.19192 9 5 78.0664 maize
62.5542 5.85544 65.2779
76 44 17 20.41683 5 2 8 maize
66.7862 5.75025 109.216
67 60 25 24.92162 7 5 2 maize
73.4541 5.85260 94.2971
70 44 19 23.31689 5 7 3 maize
68.3584 6.47252 74.0547
90 49 21 24.84017 6 3 5 maize
58.8401 6.96705 63.8702
62 52 16 22.27527 6 8 1 maize
65.7681 6.08297 94.7618
92 44 16 18.87751 6 4 9 maize
60.2001 5.91904 72.1237
66 54 21 25.19009 7 6 6 maize
6.20474 63.7235
63 58 22 18.25405 55.2822 8 8 maize
70.4162 6.60082 104.162
70 47 17 24.61291 4 7 6 maize
65.2618 6.02190 76.6845
61 41 17 25.14206 5 2 6 maize
60.1159 65.4973
66 53 19 23.09348 4 6.03355 1 maize
62.8936 6.28886 84.2361
74 55 19 18.05034 7 8 3 maize
73.8043 6.55056 79.7407
77 57 21 24.93216 5 4 9 maize
71.0944 5.57328 88.0775
99 50 15 18.1471 5 6 4 maize
74 56 22 18.28362 66.6595 6.82919 80.9757 maize
 3 9 3
58.7508 5.71622 79.7532
83 45 21 18.83344 2 3 9 maize
67.2219 5.54990 74.5149
100 48 16 25.71896 1 2 1 maize
68.4983 6.58624
79 51 16 25.33798 6 5 96.4638 maize
57.4877 5.89309 102.830
94 39 18 23.89115 6 3 2 maize
71.5090 5.91826 102.485
75 49 15 21.53574 6 4 3 maize
5.58865 70.4347
78 48 22 23.08975 63.1046 1 4 maize
63.4711 6.57641 108.830
87 54 20 25.61707 8 8 4 maize
63.1621 6.17805 65.8895
87 35 25 21.44527 6 6 1 maize
55.5312 6.64190 90.9880
63 43 19 18.51817 8 6 5 maize
67.9925 64.4086
84 57 25 22.53511 7 6.48904 6 maize
61.8947 5.68036 63.0384
64 35 23 23.02038 2 1 3 maize
65.6141 6.62540 87.9298
60 46 22 24.89365 9 4 1 maize
74.0891 6.52447 107.493
98 44 21 25.77175 1 8 2 maize
62.3575 5.69620 60.9519
75 56 18 19.39852 1 5 7 maize
59.6402 6.80393 109.751
86 55 21 21.54156 4 2 5 maize
74.8291 6.25279 91.7633
98 35 18 23.79746 4 8 7 maize
74.5260 6.09272 94.2624
76 57 18 18.98027 1 6 9 maize
73.1311 71.0756
99 56 17 24.10859 2 6.23433 2 maize
70.0455
60 44 23 24.79471 7 5.72258 76.7286 maize
60.2776 6.43061 69.2180
74 48 17 21.63163 6 6 3 maize
57.2102 5.98395 101.700
89 60 17 25.37549 6 3 4 maize
72.8546 6.80163 106.621
69 51 23 22.21738 3 9 3 maize
69.0012 6.49993
96 46 22 20.58314 9 6 66.2939 maize
68.7424 6.26556 91.2605
61 60 15 24.87503 8 4 7 maize
74 58 18 20.03728 56.3560 6.72730 109.024 maize
 7 3 1
61.8908 6.32523 99.5798
74 43 23 25.95263 2 5 1 maize
65.4705 6.80748 71.3195
63 43 17 19.2889 1 8 3 maize
65.3458 6.67108 78.3460
99 36 20 20.57982 4 6 4 maize
56.7342 6.64872 88.4536
77 36 23 24.71418 6 5 2 maize
63.9128 6.43907 62.5035
87 60 23 20.27317 2 2 2 maize
6.47447 76.4131
60 38 17 18.41933 64.2358 7 2 maize
61.7442 5.87164 107.319
94 54 17 23.39128 7 8 8 maize
5.73061 100.768
95 38 22 19.84939 61.245 7 9 maize
61.9104 107.268
84 44 21 21.86927 5 5.85044 2 maize
56.5076 101.595
77 58 19 22.8056 9 5.79165 3 maize
69.0229 6.74000 80.7251
66 44 20 19.07815 9 1 6 maize
6.27241
63 35 16 22.02721 65.3555 8 83.7328 maize
59.2453 5.71520
79 45 20 23.80546 8 9 89.9622 maize
69.0276 5.77345 88.1023
72 60 25 18.52511 2 5 4 maize
61.3202 5.58417 64.7779
67 51 24 23.50298 6 1 1 maize
72.8918 5.78726 73.3363
86 36 24 26.54986 7 8 6 maize
69.6348 5.77597 83.2103
76 48 18 19.29563 1 8 1 maize
59.4375 6.86479 103.651
75 53 18 20.689 3 4 4 maize
68.0344 84.2296
81 45 23 19.32666 9 6.19236 9 maize
73.5886 6.63680 96.5919
73 45 21 24.60532 9 3 5 maize
59.5219 5.82642 67.9670
71 35 24 22.27374 3 7 5 maize
6.96035 83.2071
96 54 22 25.70197 61.3345 8 1 maize
68.3057 6.11275 87.8509
99 39 18 19.20129 9 1 2 maize
60.4747 6.70844 95.7138
62 48 20 21.70181 1 7 8 maize
86 37 16 20.51717 59.2123 5.56151 67.6101 maize
 5 1 4
73.6254 5.87324 97.5908
94 50 19 23.30355 8 2 1 maize
6.99584 64.2384
76 39 24 24.25475 55.6471 4 5 maize
77 52 17 24.86375 65.742 5.7148 75.8227 maize
65.7747 6.78073 88.1725
74 39 23 22.62651 3 6 1 maize
60.6149 5.51369 104.232
81 49 20 18.04186 4 8 2 maize
72.3312 5.79842 67.1022
63 42 21 23.26238 6 4 5 maize
71.5972 6.35247 67.7277
99 38 21 22.88331 2 2 7 maize
69.3638 6.82258 103.223
90 52 25 25.97482 6 7 4 maize
6.65542 107.236
68 40 19 26.14384 66.2057 6 1 maize
61.5532 6.12129 75.0324
60 57 24 18.66116 7 4 8 maize
55.9773 78.1607
71 52 18 25.10787 3 5.79077 8 maize
59.2458 6.47444 105.008
61 59 17 23.33845 1 3 3 maize
65.9219 6.45511 62.4919
88 38 15 25.0824 6 7 1 maize
72.5205 6.60698 107.912
65 60 22 25.36768 5 4 4 maize
63.3180 6.33055 74.5208
78 37 22 25.34217 2 4 2 maize
67.8165 6.52863 62.9135
78 58 15 25.00933 7 1 9 maize
71.5164 5.72166 69.9329
92 60 23 18.66747 7 7 3 maize
6.64420 108.505
79 59 17 20.38 63.7385 5 4 maize
72.6102 6.37665
91 55 15 18.093 4 1 78.9616 maize
71.9624 79.8492
76 51 18 26.16986 7 6.24704 5 maize
93.6203
87 48 25 18.65397 61.3788 6.65673 9 maize
59.3714 6.20480 85.7569
71 60 22 26.0747 8 2 2 maize
72.8008 82.3416
90 57 24 18.92852 6 6.15886 3 maize
63.2464 6.38568 108.760
67 35 22 23.30547 8 4 3 maize
62.4987 70.2340
60 54 19 18.74827 8 6.41782 2 maize
 59.6626 6.38120 65.5086
83 58 23 19.74213 3 2 1 maize
70.7473 6.87786 98.7377
83 57 19 25.73044 9 9 1 maize
16.9886 7.48599 88.5512
40 72 77 17.02498 1 6 3 chickpea
17.1315 6.92025 79.9269
23 72 84 19.02061 9 1 8 chickpea
5.99693 68.5493
39 58 85 17.88776 15.4059 2 3 chickpea
15.6580 6.39117 88.5104
22 72 85 18.86806 9 4 9 chickpea
19.5638 7.15281 79.2635
36 67 77 18.36953 1 1 8 chickpea
15.4031 5.98899 92.6837
32 73 81 20.45079 2 3 4 chickpea
16.6082 6.23104 74.6631
58 70 84 20.65432 1 9 1 chickpea
18.7492 7.55080 82.6173
59 70 84 17.33487 7 8 5 chickpea
18.9042 7.01057 81.8499
42 62 75 18.17912 7 1 8 chickpea
18.3096 8.75379 81.9856
28 74 81 18.01272 8 5 9 chickpea
8.71819
58 66 79 20.99374 19.3347 3 93.5528 chickpea
15.2253 7.97660 74.5856
43 66 79 19.46234 9 8 5 chickpea
14.6976 78.9651
58 63 81 19.81345 5 6.5155 5 chickpea
19.5161 8.49012 80.7108
23 62 85 18.97425 2 7 7 chickpea
14.7107 6.57641 70.1818
27 62 77 18.19737 1 6 5 chickpea
19.1819 6.48178
28 72 84 18.72963 7 3 71.5801 chickpea
19.8601 7.96660 73.5073
50 56 76 20.99502 3 5 4 chickpea
16.3953 8.14082
39 71 84 20.28156 5 5 82.5234 chickpea
15.7559 7.22896 66.9698
25 78 76 17.48043 4 3 1 chickpea
14.3231 6.49254 90.4622
31 70 77 20.88819 4 6 8 chickpea
16.1456 71.3100
26 80 83 17.08499 6 7.5286 7 chickpea
7.70144 85.7490
25 68 77 20.09341 15.1128 6 5 chickpea
14.9992 8.51997 89.3105
31 78 76 17.57212 7 6 1 chickpea
 18.4347 6.62090
60 68 83 19.12065 6 1 85.5295 chickpea
19.2200 8.10439
59 62 83 18.57666 8 6 72.9494 chickpea
14.4245 6.20409 72.3266
22 67 78 17.16606 8 1 8 chickpea
16.6792 6.05109 74.8744
36 65 80 18.2872 2 1 6 chickpea
18.6672 7.69096 94.7099
59 60 84 19.03025 6 2 2 chickpea
17.0662 7.82921 83.7460
54 77 85 17.14186 4 1 7 chickpea
17.9325
43 68 81 17.47809 4 6.7616 78.9206 chickpea
14.2580 6.65442 83.7593
28 76 82 20.56602 4 5 7 chickpea
15.8206 6.12953 76.5758
42 79 85 17.22385 9 4 1 chickpea
19.4422 8.82927 91.7607
32 60 83 19.69142 5 3 2 chickpea
19.0917 8.62166 76.3247
22 78 76 17.84852 3 3 1 chickpea
16.1074 8.20486 89.7311
31 79 75 18.82023 8 2 9 chickpea
16.5431 6.18042 93.3503
28 58 81 17.47501 5 7 4 chickpea
17.5840 7.97899 81.2017
57 58 77 18.72649 6 7 7 chickpea
16.1777 7.86311 81.7076
49 55 78 18.6558 3 4 9 chickpea
19.6853 6.96784 83.7487
46 76 77 18.23568 9 3 9 chickpea
15.2161 6.20658 77.5429
54 61 77 18.81198 8 2 4 chickpea
17.8085 8.86874 77.9279
38 60 76 18.65054 2 1 9 chickpea
16.8957 8.76612 82.2545
59 55 79 20.3672 4 9 6 chickpea
16.6380 8.73633 70.5205
36 76 75 18.3812 5 8 7 chickpea
17.3045 8.08109 72.7862
57 68 81 17.17013 8 5 4 chickpea
15.7745 6.13824
35 66 81 19.37101 8 4 85.2482 chickpea
14.2732 7.49664 85.3737
35 64 78 17.92846 8 5 9 chickpea
18.2349 8.38018 75.6317
52 60 79 19.4534 1 5 6 chickpea
14.9224 6.28961 89.6185
27 76 83 19.12829 1 4 8 chickpea
 17.2618 6.58677 75.4910
57 60 84 19.10343 5 7 1 chickpea
16.9607 6.89655 86.0507
52 68 78 17.48504 1 2 8 chickpea
18.9803 7.80674 80.2506
43 79 79 19.40752 1 8 5 chickpea
7.15068
44 74 85 20.18649 19.6372 1 78.2604 chickpea
15.1540 6.64919
24 55 78 17.30288 6 6 75.5779 chickpea
15.4808 7.77859 72.9446
29 77 75 17.50361 3 2 7 chickpea
14.7008 90.7760
20 60 78 18.17235 6 6.35874 7 chickpea
16.7182 8.25545 77.8189
56 67 78 17.57446 7 1 1 chickpea
18.9129 6.45614 78.0691
37 66 85 20.93175 5 8 1 chickpea
17.6387 6.61307 85.5792
49 71 76 19.71098 9 2 5 chickpea
17.8675 8.16535 69.4061
59 69 80 19.07938 5 9 9 chickpea
16.0254 7.64867 76.3256
20 79 77 18.54989 3 5 5 chickpea
17.4133 6.54588 80.6405
24 56 85 18.19904 3 9 4 chickpea
14.9945 7.10422 80.1113
51 72 75 18.88853 1 5 4 chickpea
14.7211 91.9459
57 73 85 18.49311 5 7.3581 5 chickpea
6.47402 87.5131
22 64 82 19.48974 17.1726 5 3 chickpea
18.7494 7.84033 94.0028
52 73 79 17.25769 4 9 7 chickpea
18.7148 88.4585
29 75 75 19.62416 3 7.06479 7 chickpea
19.8538 7.59903 84.7834
44 59 78 20.67526 9 3 4 chickpea
16.6329 6.71558 68.9780
41 69 82 20.02381 4 7 7 chickpea
14.4422 6.81712 88.6816
52 56 85 20.11874 8 4 9 chickpea
15.8457 7.98541 65.2381
34 76 80 20.65692 3 7 1 chickpea
14.2804 7.54525 65.7804
42 74 83 19.25826 2 8 2 chickpea
15.8562 7.72899 74.6387
34 71 79 17.92781 3 8 3 chickpea
15.8350 7.35497 82.6976
27 73 79 19.16288 1 3 7 chickpea
 19.9697 7.31312 69.6444
30 70 79 20.26942 9 2 9 chickpea
18.2514 7.78503 87.2744
57 57 75 17.09104 2 9 5 chickpea
17.5402 6.30700 70.8715
27 79 82 17.06579 4 5 1 chickpea
14.4400 6.40398
32 71 85 20.62767 9 2 92.0663 chickpea
17.8505 79.2050
31 76 82 20.82485 7 7.59928 9 chickpea
18.7283 7.21701 68.8140
33 75 84 19.4621 2 8 5 chickpea
16.4289 7.56110 72.8501
47 80 77 17.18248 2 8 7 chickpea
16.3905 7.48954 79.4575
54 62 80 17.48912 5 5 8 chickpea
14.7601 6.60969 65.1136
47 79 78 17.48395 5 7 6 chickpea
17.4453 7.47680 80.4986
35 57 83 19.48317 5 1 3 chickpea
18.0966 7.32545 73.6447
53 73 77 19.7136 6 1 7 chickpea
6.48938 81.5284
45 61 78 19.48649 16.0624 9 3 chickpea
14.8263 7.78636 88.6810
37 78 79 19.95265 3 6 3 chickpea
16.8047 6.40843 68.4951
30 75 81 19.4179 2 8 2 chickpea
18.0223 8.42387 78.4491
37 55 82 19.45592 6 4 1 chickpea
16.4199 8.71996 77.3379
53 65 76 20.19138 8 1 5 chickpea
14.7407 7.81199
22 60 85 18.83929 2 8 94.7819 chickpea
19.8364 6.31715
60 61 78 20.71219 3 3 94.0366 chickpea
15.9362 7.11440 78.6970
42 67 77 18.99424 9 5 7 chickpea
15.5732 8.13590 69.1575
39 76 76 19.96837 4 1 9 chickpea
17.6075 7.71415 90.8209
35 63 76 17.81565 7 3 8 chickpea
15.2782 7.10379 76.7788
30 65 82 20.71424 4 8 9 chickpea
18.7562 67.9545
57 56 78 17.3415 6 8.86148 4 chickpea
14.3384 7.86112 73.0926
48 65 78 17.43733 7 8 7 chickpea
19.7618 7.45267 69.0951
36 56 83 18.8978 3 1 2 chickpea
 7.16809 89.6098
40 58 75 18.59191 14.7796 6 2 chickpea
15.3614 7.26311
49 69 82 18.31561 4 9 81.7871 chickpea
20.5954 5.68597 128.256 kidneybea
13 60 25 17.13693 2 2 9 ns
18.9070 5.75923 106.359 kidneybea
25 70 16 19.63474 6 7 8 ns
21.3395 5.87317 109.225 kidneybea
31 55 22 22.9135 3 2 6 ns
24.2404 5.92667 140.371 kidneybea
40 64 16 16.4334 6 7 8 ns
23.0225 5.95561 76.6412 kidneybea
2 61 20 22.13975 1 7 8 ns
18.7762 5.94994 143.098 kidneybea
26 65 22 17.84807 2 9 4 ns
20.3156 5.78921 60.9197 kidneybea
17 57 21 19.88394 4 4 5 ns
23.3334 5.58102 104.778 kidneybea
26 80 18 19.3251 8 2 4 ns
5.68985 132.980 kidneybea
17 59 17 18.4167 23.4283 8 1 ns
23.2059 5.79415 130.060 kidneybea
27 59 22 21.81168 1 9 8 ns
18.2817 143.763 kidneybea
28 58 24 19.72703 3 5.74819 1 ns
19.8707 5.56652 kidneybea
25 57 19 17.15433 1 3 87.9967 ns
18.6717 144.156 kidneybea
28 80 17 19.62208 1 5.80942 7 ns
5.88726 kidneybea
25 60 22 21.63149 21.1792 3 134.365 ns
5.99812 88.0663 kidneybea
12 78 23 16.06523 18.7248 5 9 ns
24.3631 5.79274 69.6383 kidneybea
6 77 25 20.61162 4 5 4 ns
116.520 kidneybea
22 79 17 21.42451 20.3966 5.91229 7 ns
21.2109 5.78838 86.2191 kidneybea
27 80 15 19.07096 2 7 8 ns
19.6343 5.72823 137.194 kidneybea
10 55 23 21.18853 9 3 9 ns
22.4261 108.368 kidneybea
23 65 20 23.04291 1 5.83394 4 ns
23.1053 5.96753 67.7176 kidneybea
19 78 16 20.65376 9 3 9 ns
18.2931 5.62509 144.790 kidneybea
19 65 25 18.09551 8 6 2 ns
21.0764 5.51561 69.4495 kidneybea
22 70 19 18.23776 3 5 2 ns
 5.95466 121.940 kidneybea
37 64 22 17.4819 18.8252 5 1 ns
21.4732 5.74644 82.6855 kidneybea
11 71 17 19.91918 4 8 4 ns
23.2353 5.87734 139.752 kidneybea
18 79 20 20.27515 6 8 2 ns
19.2303 5.97997 108.344 kidneybea
21 63 17 15.7737 2 4 1 ns
19.1765 5.63599 96.7728 kidneybea
24 80 22 16.71171 1 4 6 ns
18.1530 5.63523 100.671 kidneybea
34 60 22 17.66148 3 2 2 ns
5.67922 87.0513 kidneybea
16 75 21 18.50693 23.6167 4 3 ns
 INPUT DESIGN

The input design is the link between the information system and the user. It comprises the
developing specification and procedures for data preparation and those steps are necessary to put
transaction data in to a usable form for processing can be achieved by inspecting the computer to
read data from a written or printed document or it can occur by having people keying the data
directly into the system. The design of input focuses on controlling the amount of input required,
controlling the errors, avoiding delay, avoiding extra steps and keeping the process simple. The
input is designed in such a way so that it provides security and ease of use with retaining the
privacy. Input Design considered the following things:

What data should be given as input?

How the data should be arranged or coded?

The dialog to guide the operating personnel in providing input.

Methods for preparing input validations and steps to follow when error occur.

OBJECTIVES:

1. Input Design is the process of converting a user-oriented description of the input into a
computer-based system. This design is important to avoid errors in the data input process and
show the correct direction to the management for getting correct information from the
computerized system.

2. It is achieved by creating user-friendly screens for the data entry to handle large volume of
data. The goal of designing input is to make data entry easier and to be free from errors. The
data entry screen is designed in such a way that all the data manipulates can be performed. It
also provides record viewing facilities.

3. When the data is entered it will check for its validity. Data can be entered with the help of
screens. Appropriate messages are provided as when needed so that the user will not be in
maize of instant. Thus the objective of input design is to create an input layout that is easy to
follow.
 OUTPUT DESIGN

A quality output is one, which meets the requirements of the end user and presents the information
clearly. In any system results of processing are communicated to the users and to other system through
outputs. In output design it is determined how the information is to be displaced for immediate need
and also the hard copy output. It is the most important and direct source information to the user.
Efficient and intelligent output design improves the system’s relationship to help user decision-
making.

1. Designing computer output should proceed in an organized, well thought out manner; the right
output must be developed while ensuring that each output element is designed so that people will
find the system can use easily and effectively. When analysis design computer output, they should
Identify the specific output that is needed to meet the requirements.

2. Select methods for presenting information.

3. Create document, report, or other formats that contain information produced by the system.

The output form of an information system should accomplish one or more of the
following objectives.

❖ Convey information about past activities, current status or projections of the

❖ Future.

❖ Signal important events, opportunities, problems, or warnings.

❖ Trigger an action.

❖ Confirm an action.
 INPUT AND OUTPUT SCREENS

 HOME PAGE:

1. Click on PREDICT button to predict the crop.

2. Fill the nitrogen, Phosphorus, Potassium, Teprature, Humidity, PH and Rainfall by your own choice
between the numbers given.
3. Click on Predict Your Crop.

4. After clicking, the output will appear on the home screen.

5. Click on go to home to go to the home page.

 LIMITATIONS OF THE PROJECT

 It can't be extended for more functionality beyond temperature , PH and soil type.
 It does not have GUI interface.

 The system may not integrate well with other external systems like payment gateways.
 FUTURE APPLICATION OF THE PROJECT

 The crop recommendation system can be integrated with Internet of Things (IoT) devices and sensors
deployed in fields to provide real-time data on soil moisture, nutrient levels, temperature, and crop health.
It will have better GUI interface.

 As the system collects more data over time, it could provide highly localized and personalized crop
management plans for individual fields.

 The system could be enhanced with real-time market analysis tools that predict future crop prices and demand
trends..
 BIBLIOGRAPHY

References :

[1] Manpreet Kaur, Heena Gulati, Harish Kundra, “Data Mining in Agriculture on Crop Price
Prediction: Techniques and Applications”, International Journal of Computer Applications,
Volume 99– No.12, August 2014.

[2] J. Meng, “Research on the cost of agricultural products circulation and its control under the new
normal economic development,” Commercial Times, no. 23,pp. 145147, 2016.

[3] A. Kaloxylos et al., “Farm management systems and the future Internet era,” Comput. Electron.
Agricult., vol. 89, pp. 130–144, Nov. 2012.

[4] N. N. Li, T. S. Li, Z. S. Yu, Y. Rui, Y. Y. Miao, and Y. S. Li, “Factors influencing farmers’
adoption of new technology based on Logistic-ISM model-a case study of potato planting
technology in Dingxi City, Gansu Province,” Progress in Geography, vol. 33, no. 4, pp. 542-551,
2014.

[5] Y. Wang, "A neural network adaptive control based on rapid learning method and its
application," Advances In Modeling and Analysis, Vol. 46(3), pp. 27-34,1994.