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Implementing Server Virtualization

with Hyper-V

Module Overview

• Overview of Virtualization Technologies

• Implementing Hyper-V
• Managing Virtual Machine Storage
• Managing Virtual Networks

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Lesson 1: Overview of Virtualization Technologies

• Server Virtualization
• What Is Windows Azure?
• Desktop Virtualization
• Presentation Virtualization
• What Is Microsoft Application Virtualization?

Server Virtualization

Benefits of server virtualization with Hyper-V

include:
• Invisible to users
• Guest machines can use different operating
systems
• More efficient use of hardware
• Service and application isolation
• Workload consolidation
• Simplifies server deployment by using:
• Virtual machine templates
• App-Controller virtual machine self-service portal

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What Is Windows Azure?

• Windows Azure is a cloud-based platform for

hosting virtual machines and applications
• You pay only for the resources that you use
• You can increase and decrease capacity
automatically and swiftly
• You can use Windows Azure to:
• Host websites
• Host production applications
• Host virtual machines
• Test proof-of-concept solutions

Desktop Virtualization

Desktop virtualization includes the following

technologies:
• Client (Local) Hyper-V
• VDI

RemoteFX allow virtual machines to display rich

graphics and video capabilities

RemoteFX requires:
• GPU that supports DirectX 9.0c or newer
• CPU that supports SLAT

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Presentation Virtualization

Differences between desktop virtualization and

presentation virtualization
Desktop virtualization: Presentation virtualization:
• Users are assigned their own • Users sign in and run separate
virtual machines that are running sessions on the server
a client operating system • The desktop and apps run on the
• The desktop and apps run within host server
virtual machines

Presentation virtualization technologies include:

• Remote Desktop Services
• Full Desktop with RDC
• Applications using RemoteApp
• Remote Access through RD Gateway

What Is Microsoft Application Virtualization?

Benefits of App-V
• App isolation
• Incompatible programs can run on the same server
• App streaming
• App deployment is quicker
• App portability
• Apps can follow users across multiple computers

UE-V
• App and operating system settings follow users across
multiple computers

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Lesson 2: Implementing Hyper-V

• What Is Hyper-V?
• Hardware Requirements for Hyper-V
• Virtual Machine Hardware
• Generation 2 Virtual Machines
• What Is Dynamic Memory?
• Configuring Virtual Machine Integration Services
• Configuring Virtual Machine Start and Stop
Actions
• Hyper-V Resource Metering
• What’s New with Hyper-V in Windows
Server 2012 R2

What Is Hyper-V?

Hyper-V:
• Isthe hardware virtualization role in Windows
Server 2012
• Gives virtual machine guests direct access to the
host’s hardware
Compatible Windows Server operating systems:
• Windows Server 2012
• Microsoft Hyper-V Server 2012

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Hardware Requirements for Hyper-V

Factors to consider when planning hardware for

servers running Hyper-V:
• Processor characteristics
• Must have an x64 platform that supports
hardware assisted virtualization and Data
Execution Protection
• Processing capacity
• Memory
• Storage subsystem performance
• Network throughput (typically multiple network
interface cards)

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Virtual Machine Hardware

Virtual machines have the You can add the following

following simulated hardware hardware to a virtual
by default: machine:
• BIOS • SCSI Controller (up to 4)
• Memory • Network Adapter
• Processor • Legacy Network Adapter
• IDE Controller 0 and 1
• Fibre Channel adapter
• SCSI Controller
• RemoteFX 3D video
• Synthetic Network Adapter
adapter
• COM 1 and 2
• Diskette Drive

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Generation 2 Virtual Machines

Generation 2 virtual machines differ from generation 1

virtual machines:
• Emulated devices are removed
• UEFI firmware instead of BIOS
• Secure Boot
• Boots from SCSI controller
• PXE boot uses a standard network adapter
• Faster boot and operating system installation
• Can run side-by-side with generation 1
• Generation 1 must be used for legacy systems
• Supported guest operating systems:
• Windows Server 2012 and Windows Server 2012 R2
• 64-bit versions of Windows 8 and Windows 8.1

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What Is Dynamic Memory?

Dynamic Memory settings for a virtual machine

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Configuring Virtual Machine Integration Services

Possible integration services include:

• Operating system shutdown
• Time synchronization
• Data exchange
• Heartbeat
• Backup (volume snapshot)

Enhanced session mode allows a connection to a

virtual machine that is similar to remote desktop
because it:
• Enables device redirection
• Uses a shared clipboard
• Enables folder redirection

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Configuring Virtual Machine Start and Stop Actions

Possible automatic start actions:

• Nothing
• Automatically start if it was running when the
service stopped
• Always start this virtual machine automatically
Possible automatic stop actions:
• Save the virtual machine state
• Turn off the virtual machine
• Shut down the guest operating system

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Hyper-V Resource Metering

Parameters that you can measure with resource

metering:
• Average CPU use
• Average physical memory use, including:
• Minimum memory use
• Maximum memory use
• Maximum disk space allocation
• Incoming network traffic for a network adapter
• Outgoing network traffic for a network adapter

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What’s New with Hyper-V in Windows Server 2012 R2

New or Improved Feature

New to • Shared virtual hard disk
Windows Server 2012 R2 • Automatic virtual machine activation
• Enhanced session mode
• Storage quality of service
• Virtual machine generation
Improved in • Resize virtual hard disk
Windows Server 2012 R2 • Live migration
• Failover Clustering
• Integration services
• Export
• Replica
• Linux support
• Management

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Lesson 3: Managing Virtual Machine Storage

• What Is a Virtual Hard Disk?

• Creating Virtual Disk Types
• Managing Virtual Hard Disks
• Reducing Storage Needs with Differencing Virtual
Hard Disks
• Using Checkpoints

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What Is a Virtual Hard Disk?

.vhdx format provides several benefits compared to

the .vhd format, including that the:
• Disks can be larger (64 TB versus 2 TB)
• Disk corruption is less likely to occur
• Format supports better alignment when deployed to a
large sector disk
• Format supports larger block size for dynamic and
differencing disks
Multiple virtual machines can use shared virtual hard
disks
Storage QoS allows you to limit virtual hard disk IOPS

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Creating Virtual Disk Types

Fixed-size virtual hard disks vs.

dynamic virtual hard disks

100 GB used 100 GB used

600 GB allocated 100 GB allocated
600 GB fixed-size disk 600 GB dynamic disk

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Managing Virtual Hard Disks

The following are maintenance operations that

you can perform on virtual hard disks:
• Convert from fixed to dynamic
• Convert from dynamic to fixed
• Convert from .vhd to .vhdx format
• Convert from .vhdx to .vhd format
• Shrink a dynamic virtual hard disk
• Expand a dynamic or fixed virtual hard disk

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Reducing Storage Needs with Differencing

Virtual Hard Disks

When using differencing disks, you:

• Can reduce space that is used by storage, but at
the cost of performance
• Can link multiple differencing disks to a single
parent disk
• Cannot modify the parent disk
• Can use the Inspect Disk tool to reconnect a
differencing disk to a missing parent

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Using Checkpoints

Checkpoints:
• Are static images of the data on a virtual machine at a
given moment
• Are not replacements for backups
• Were called snapshots in previous versions
Using checkpoints:
• When you create a checkpoint, Hyper-V writes to a
differencing virtual hard disk
• When you apply a checkpoint, the virtual machine reverts
to the configuration as it existed at the time the
checkpoint was created
• You can perform a virtual machine export of a checkpoint

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Using Checkpoints

1. A checkpoint is created every day

Monday Tuesday
Original
Checkpoint Checkpoint

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Using Checkpoints

1. A checkpoint is created every day

2. You locate a problem after Tuesday’s checkpoint is created

Monday Tuesday
Original
Checkpoint Checkpoint

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Using Checkpoints

1. A checkpoint is created every day

2. You locate a problem after Tuesday’s checkpoint is created
3. You solve the problem by reverting back to the Monday checkpoint

Monday Tuesday
Original
Checkpoint Checkpoint

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Using Checkpoints

1. A checkpoint is created every day

2. You locate a problem after Tuesday’s checkpoint is created
3. You solve the problem by reverting back to the Monday checkpoint
4. The next checkpoint is created on Wednesday

Monday Tuesday
Original
Checkpoint Checkpoint

Wednesday
Now
Checkpoint

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Lesson 4: Managing Virtual Networks

• What Is a Virtual Switch?

• What Are Virtual Local Area Networks?
• Virtual Switch Extensions
• Managing Virtual Machine MAC Addresses
• Configuring Virtual Network Adapters
• Network Adapter Advanced Features
• What Is NIC Teaming?

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What Is a Virtual Switch?

Hyper-V on Windows Server 2012 supports the

following three types of virtual switches:
External Used to map a network to a specific network
adapter or network adapter team
Internal Used to communicate between the virtual
machines on the host and between the virtual
machines and the host itself
Private Used to communicate between virtual
machines, but not between the virtual machines
and the host itself

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What Are Virtual Local Area Networks?

When you use VLANs, you can:

• Logically
segment network traffic running on the
same physical and virtual networks
• Configure tagging on each virtual switch
• Configure tagging on each virtual network adapter

Note that host network interface cards must

support VLAN tagging
VLAN IDs extend VLANs within the host’s network
switch to VLANS on the external network

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Virtual Switch Extensions

• Virtual switch extensions enable third-party

vendors to create virtual switches
• You can manage virtual switches by using the same
toolset that you use to manage physical switches

Virtual switches Physical switches

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Managing Virtual Machine MAC Addresses

Virtual Switch Manager Window

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Configuring Virtual Network Adapters

Properties of a network adapter:

• Virtual
Switch
• VLAN ID
• Bandwidth Management

Features of a virtual network adapter:

• MAC address allocation
• DHCP Guard
• Router Guard
• Port Mirroring
• NIC Teaming

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Network Adapter Advanced Features

• Virtual Machine Queue delivers network traffic

directly to the guest
• IPsec task offloading enables the host’s network
adapter to perform calculation-intensive security
association tasks
• SR-IOV enables multiple virtual machines to share
the same PCI Express physical hardware resources
• vRSS balances the network processing across
multiple virtual processor cores in a virtual machine

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What Is NIC Teaming?

NIC Teaming:
• Provides redundancy and aggregates bandwidth
• Is supported at the host and virtual machine level

NIC Teaming in virtual machines:

• Requires multiple virtual network adapters
• Must be enabled on virtual network adapters
• Can then be implemented in the virtual machine’s
operating system (if supported)

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Lab: Implementing Server Virtualization with Hyper-V

• Exercise 1: Installing the Hyper-V Role onto a

Server
• Exercise 2: Configuring Virtual Networking
• Exercise 3: Creating and Configuring a Virtual
Machine
• Exercise 4: Using Virtual Machine Checkpoints

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Course Evaluation

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