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Student Name: __________________
Class and Section __________________
Total Points (10 pts) __________________
Due: September 8, 2010 before the class

Project: The Circle2D Class

CSCI 1302 Advanced Programming Principles
Armstrong Atlantic State University

Problem Description:
Define the Circle2D class that contains:
• Two double data fields named x and y that specify the
center of the circle with get methods.
• A data field radius with a get method.
• A no-arg constructor that creates a default circle
with (0, 0) for (x, y) and 1 for radius.
• A constructor that creates a circle with the specified
x, y, and radius.
• A method getArea() that returns the area of the
circle.
• A method getPerimeter() that returns the perimeter of
the circle.
• A method contains(double x, double y) that returns
true if the specified point (x, y) is inside this
circle. See Figure 10.14(a).
• A method contains(Circle2D circle) that returns true
if the specified circle is inside this circle. See
Figure 10.14(b).
• A method overlaps(Circle2D circle) that returns true
if the specified circle overlaps with this circle. See
the figure below.

(a) (b) (c)

Figure
(a) A point is inside the circle. (b) A circle is
inside another circle. (c) A circle overlaps another
circle.

Draw the UML diagram for the class. Implement the

class. Write a test program that creates a Circle2D
object c1 (new Circle2D(2, 2, 5.5)), displays its area
1
 and perimeter, and displays the result of
c1.contains(3, 3), c1.contains(new Circle2D(4, 5,
10.5)), and c1.overlaps(new Circle2D(3, 5, 2.3)).

Design:
Draw the UML class diagram here

Circle2D

Coding: (Copy and Paste Source Code here. Format your code using Courier 10pts)

public class Exercise10_11 {

public static void main(String[] args) {
Circle2D c1 = new Circle2D(2, 2, 5.5);
System.out.println("Area is " + c1.getArea());
System.out.println("Perimeter is " + c1.getPerimeter());
System.out.println(c1.contains(3, 3));
System.out.println(c1.contains(new Circle2D(4, 5, 10.5)));
System.out.println(c1.overlaps(new Circle2D(3, 5, 2.3)));
}
}

class Circle2D {
// Implement your class here
}

2
Submit the following items:

1. Print this Word file and Submit to me before the class on the due day.

2. Compile, Run, and Submit to LiveLab (you must submit the program regardless
whether it complete or incomplete, correct or incorrect)

3
Solution Code:

public class Exercise10_11 {

public static void main(String[] args) {
Circle2D c1 = new Circle2D(2, 2, 5.5);
System.out.println("Area is " + c1.getArea());
System.out.println("Perimeter is " + c1.getPerimeter());
System.out.println(c1.contains(3, 3));
System.out.println(c1.contains(new Circle2D(4, 5, 10.5)));
System.out.println(c1.overlaps(new Circle2D(3, 5, 2.3)));
}
}

class Circle2D {
private double x, y;
private double radius;

public Circle2D() {
x = 0;
y = 0;
radius = 1;
}

public Circle2D(double x, double y, double radius) {

this.x = x;
this.y = y;
this.radius = radius;
}

public double getX() {

return x;
}

public void setX(double x) {

this.x = x;
}

public double getY() {

return y;
}

public void setY(double y) {

this.y = y;
}

public double getRadius() {

return radius;
}

public void setRadius(double radius) {

this.radius = radius;
}

public double getPerimeter() {

return 2 * radius * Math.PI;
}

public double getArea() {

4
 return radius * radius * Math.PI;
}

public boolean contains(double x, double y) {

// MyPoint is defined in Exercise9_4
double d = distance(x, y, this.x, this.y) ;
return d <= radius;
}

public boolean contains(Circle2D circle) {

return contains(circle.x - circle.radius, circle.y) &&
contains(circle.x + circle.radius, circle.y) &&
contains(circle.x, circle.y - circle.radius) &&
contains(circle.x, circle.y + circle.radius);
}

public boolean overlaps(Circle2D circle) {

// Two circles overlap if the distance between the two centers
// are less than or equal to this.radius + circle.radius
// MyPoint is defined in Exercise9_4
return distance(this.x, this.y, circle.x, circle.y)
<= radius + circle.radius;
}

private static double distance(double x1, double y1,

double x2, double y2) {
return Math.sqrt((x1 - x2) * (x1 - x2) + (y1 - y2) * (y1 - y2));
}
}

5
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away, and returned on the mouth. Tom persevered, and
napped a little ’un on the left eye for his pains; still, he would
be at work, and got well on Aaron’s left peeper, drawing the
ruby. Heavy exchanges followed, Jones getting on Tom’s left
brow, and Tom turning on the home-brewed from Aaron’s
nasal organ. After two or three slight exchanges in favour of
Sayers, he again put the double on, reaching the left cheek
and bread-basket. Next he popped another hot one on the
victualling department, receiving a slight return on the
forehead. After a break away he stole in, and bang went his
left on Aaron’s damaged eye, drawing more of the ruby. A
merry little rally followed in favour of Sayers, who at last
broke away, and sparred as if blown from his fast fighting.
Jones approached to take advantage of this, when Tom
propped him on the brow, and then on the forehead. Jones
returned with both hands, but not heavily, on the brow and
body, and another bustling rally came off, Tom getting home
on the left ogle and throat heavily, and Aaron on the larboard
cheek. Another break away, and Tom, on getting himself
together, resumed the double, got on the mark very heavily,
and then popped his right on the left side of Aaron’s nob; he
got away laughing, and as Jones tried to follow him up he
warned him off by a pop on the left eye. A heavy rally at last
took place, in which Jones got sharply on the left ear, and
Sayers on the left eye, and this protracted and well-fought
round was concluded by Tom slipping down.
4.—​Sayers, on coming up, showed a mark on his forehead,
and another on his left ear, while Aaron’s left eye and nose
were much out of the perpendicular. Tom lost no time in
going to work, and planted his one, two, the left on Aaron’s
right eye, and the right on the left jaw, knocking Aaron off his
pins. (“First knock-down” for Sayers.) Jones seemed all
abroad, and it was with the greatest difficulty that he was got
round to the call of “Time.”
 5.—​Sayers at once went in left and right, but he was too
anxious to finish his handiwork, and the blows lacked
precision. He reached the side of Aaron’s nob, and Jones
returned slightly on the same spot, and after mild exchanges,
both fell. This gave Jones time to get round, and by the
commencement of the next round he had shaken off the
nasty one he had got in the fourth.
6.—​Tom tried his double, but missed, and Jones rushed in
to close, when Tom caught him round the neck and punched
him heavily on the left peeper and nozzle, drawing more of
the ruby, In the end both fell, Sayers under.
7.—​Aaron came up with his left eye all but closed. Tom let
go his left, but Jones returned on the nose. Tom tried again
and got on the ribs; Jones returned merrily left and right, but
did little damage, and Tom fell in his corner.
8.—​Jones dashed in and pegged away with both mauleys
on the left side or Tom’s knowledge-box; Tom returned on the
left brow and closed, when both fell, Tom under.
9.—​Jones again dashed in, and some sharp in-fighting took
place, followed by a close, in which both fell, Jones, this time,
being underneath.
10.—​Tom’s dial seemed flushed, but his eyes were still
uninjured. Jones rattled in to close, some quick fibbing took
place, followed by a long struggle for the fall, which Sayers
got and fell on his man. In drawing his legs away, he brought
one foot in smart contact with Aaron’s leg, which was claimed
as a foul kick, but disallowed by the referee, being evidently
accidental.
11.—​Jones again took the initiative, and let go both hands
on Tom’s forehead, and then his left on the nose. Tom
returned on the left eye, and then a squasher on the mark.
Exchanges, and Sayers fell, evidently fatigued by his fast
fighting.
12.—​Jones persevered in his forcing system, and got on
the left side of Tom’s cranium, Tom returning very heavily on
the nose. Jones again went in, and planted his left under the
left optic, closed, and both fell, Tom under.
13.—​Jones rushed at Tom, and pegged away at him in his
corner. It was a rambling, scrambling round, and both fell, no
mischief being done.
14.—​Jones again led off, but Tom propped him well on the
left eye, and Aaron fell on his face.
15.—​Good exchanges on the left cheek, after which Jones
got well on Tom’s throat, closed, and both were down.
16.—​Jones dashed at Tom, popped in his left and right on
the frontispiece and nose, and bored Tom through the ropes.
17.—​Jones again opened the ball, got on to Tom’s left ear,
closed, and both were down.
18.—​Aaron led off on Tom’s nose; Tom returned on the left
eye, very heavily, and Aaron fell.
19.—​Tom resumed the initiative, and reached Aaron’s nose
—​by his favourite double. Jones returned, but not heavily, on
the forehead; after which Tom cross-countered him prettily on
the left peeper, and this led to exchanges in favour of Jones,
when Sayers fell.
20.—​Both quick to work; good exchanges, and in the end
Jones floored Tom by a heavy right-hander on the jaw. (Loud
cheers for Jones.)
21.—​Jones, elated, rushed in, but Tom steadied him by a
straight ’un on the left cheek, and Jones dropped.
 22.—​Aaron missed both hands, and after some sparring
Tom caught him heavily on the left ogle, and Jones dropped.
Sayers also fell.
23.—​Tom, who seemed getting fresh wind, rattled in, and
planted his double on the nose and mouth. Jones rushed at
him, and in the scramble Sayers was bored over.
24.—​Tom popped a left-hander on the “grubbery,” received
a little one on the nose, and fell.
25.—​Heavy exchanges, Sayers on the left eye, and Aaron
on the nose. Jones slipped down.
26.—​Jones led off with both hands, but not heavily, and
Tom returned severely on the nose and left eye, which was
now quite closed. Jones fell.
27.—​Jones rushed to close quarters, and after a brief
struggle fell.
28.—​Tom feinted, and popped his left twice on Aaron’s
damaged peeper. Jones returned on the mouth, and Tom fell.
29.—​Jones went to work, catching Tom over the right eye,
and Sayers in getting back fell.
30.—​Both went to work with good will, and, after sharp
exchanges in favour of Sayers, Jones got down.
31.—​Aaron tried to lead off, but was well stopped, and Tom
returned on the mark. He next popped his left on the left
cheek, and in getting away slipped down, just escaping a
heavy upper-cut.
32.—​Tom feinted, and then got well on to Aaron’s nose
with his left, and retreated, Aaron pursuing him. At length
they got close, and Tom sent in a stiffener on the scent-box,
receiving a right-hander on the left ear, which opened a cut
received in their former fight, and both fell.
33.—​Tom again seemed tired, and sparred for wind. Jones
came to him, when Tom let go his left on the jaw, closed, and
both fell.
34.—​Tom slowest to time. He tried his left, but was
stopped; Aaron closed, and Tom fibbed him on the left eye as
they fell.
35.—​After a little dodging, they got close, and heavy
counters were exchanged. They now closed, and, as they fell,
Tom again put a little one on Aaron’s left eye.
36.—​A close and a struggle, when both fell, Jones under.
37.—​Sayers led off, but was stopped, and, after a wild
scramble, Tom fell. One hour and five minutes had now
elapsed.
38.—​Jones dashed in, but Tom steadied him by a left-
hander on the left cheek, and Aaron got down.
39.—​Jones, still first, let go left and right on the mouth and
left cheek. Sayers returned on the blind eye, and got down.
40.—​Jones let fly his left, but missed. Slight exchanges to a
close, and both down.
41.—​Jones, on the forcing system, planted his left on the
jaw and then on the left ear, and as he was pursuing his man
he fell on his face.
42.—​Jones missed his left. Tom returned open-handed on
the back, and Jones dropped.
43.—​Jones dashed to a close at the ropes, where they
pegged away smartly but ineffectually until they fell.
 44.—​Tom got home on the left jaw. Aaron missed both
hands, and fell.
45.—​Jones went to work, but without precision, and as
Sayers retreated, Jones fell on his face. It was clear that Tom
was carefully nursing himself, while Jones, feeling that both
his ogles were going, was forcing the fighting, in order to tire
out his opponent before he became blind.
46.—​Jones rattled in and caught Tom on the left cheek, but
not heavily. Tom returned on the left peeper, drawing more
claret, and Jones dropped.
47.—​Aaron, in his anxiety, missed both mauleys, and Tom
caught him a heavy right-hander on the proboscis,
whereupon Jones dropped.
48.—​Jones went to his man, who nailed him on the left
ogle, and, as Jones persevered, he caught him heavily on the
throat, and Jones fell.
49.—​Tom tried to lead off, but was short, and Jones
returned heavily on the ribs with his right. He then attempted
to close, but, on Sayers catching hold of him, he fell.
50.—​Tom tried his double, but Jones stopped him, and in
getting away slipped down.
51.—​Slight exchanges; Jones on the mouth and Sayers on
the nose, and Jones down.
52.—​Jones led off and was neatly stopped. Tom missed his
return, and Jones fell forward.
53.—​Tom led off and got on Aaron’s blind eye. Jones
returned very slightly on the nose, and fell.
54.—​Tom planted his left heavily on the mark, which led to
mutual exchanges, and Jones fell.
 55.—​Tom feinted and popped both hands slightly on
Aaron’s good eye, which began to tell tales. Jones returned
on the left ear, but it was too long a shot to do damage, and
Sayers fell.
56.—​Aaron opened the ball, and planted his left and right
on the nose and ear twice in succession. He then rushed in,
when Tom stopped him by a straight one on the blind eye,
and Jones down.
57.—​Jones again went to work, but Tom was too quick on
his pins, and got out of harm’s way. Sayers missed his return,
and Jones fell.
58.—​Tom, still on the nursing system, kept himself quiet,
waiting for the attack. Jones went in, but Tom stepped back;
slight exchanges ensued, and Jones down.
59.—​Jones let go his left; Tom ducked his nut, and the
blow went over, when Jones fell. A claim of foul, as Jones fell
without a blow. The referee said, “Fight on.”
60.—​Jones popped his left on the chest; Tom returned on
the left cheek, and Jones fell. One hour and a half had now
elapsed.
61.—​Jones, still first to begin, got on Tom’s nose and fell,
Tom falling over him.
62.—​Jones planted his left very slightly on the ride of Tom’s
nob; Tom just touched him on the smeller in return, and
Jones down again.
63.—​Jones rushed in, caught Tom on the chin, and Tom
fell. The blow was not very heavy.
64.—​Jones missed both hands, got a little one on the side
of his nut, and fell.
 65.—​Jones got home, left and right, heavily on the ribs;
Tom retaliated on the mark, and Jones down.
66.—​Jones let go his left, but Tom avoided the force of the
blow by stepping back. He returned on the neck, and Jones
got down.
67–71.—​In all these rounds Jones led off, but did no
mischief, from Tom’s quickness on his pins, and in each Jones
was down.
72.—​Tom still waiting and resting himself; Jones came in
and planted his right on the ribs. Tom returned on the right
ogle, but not heavily, and Jones down, his right eye going
fast. Sayers, though much tired, had both eyes well open,
and his face presented no very serious marks of punishment.
73.—​Heavy exchanges, and Jones fell on his face.
74.—​Jones tried to lead off, but was stopped. Counter-hits,
Sayers on the nose, and Jones on the cheek, and Jones fell.
75.—​Heavy exchanges, in favour of Sayers, and Jones
down.
76.—​Jones, who saw he must do it quickly or not at all,
dashed in recklessly, but was stopped. Tom popped a little
one on the nose, and Jones down.
77.—​Jones was again stopped, and Tom got well on his
good eye, and Jones fell.
78.—​Sayers stopped Aaron’s rush, and again got on to his
good peeper. Jones instantly fell on his knees.
79.—​Aaron delivered his left on the nose, and, in trying to
repeat it fell on his face. Another claim that he had fallen
without a blow not allowed.
 80.—​Heavy exchanges, Tom getting again on Aaron’s good
peeper, which was now all but shut up, and Jones down.
81.—​Jones led off, but wofully out of distance, and fell
forward.
82.—​Exchanges in favour of Sayers, and Jones down weak.
83.—​Tom, who saw his time had arrived, went in, planted
his favourite double on Aaron’s good peeper, and Jones fell.
84.—​After a little fiddling, Tom crept close again, dashed
out his left on the good eye, and then on the cheek, and
Jones down.
85 and last.—​Jones made a last effort, was easily stopped,
and, as he turned round Tom caught him with his right a
terrific half-arm hit on the right eye, and knocked him off his
pins. It was evidently a finisher. Poor Aaron’s nob fell forward,
and it was at once apparent that his remaining daylight was
closed; and his seconds, seeing this, of course threw up the
sponge, Tom being proclaimed the winner, after a gallant
battle of exactly two hours. Sayers at once went to shake
hands with his brave antagonist, and then repaired on board
the vessel, whither he was soon followed by Jones, whose
damaged peeper was at once looked to by a medical friend.
The poor fellow was very severely punished, but he did not
seem to feel this so acutely as he did the bitter
disappointment of having to play second fiddle to one so
much smaller than himself. The expedition quickly got under
way, and all reached the Metropolis by nine o’clock. As soon
as Sayers was dressed he went round among his fellow-
passengers, and made a collection for his fallen antagonist,
which reached the sum of £8. Beyond fatigue, and a few
trifling bruises on his forehead and nose, he was unscathed,
and he certainly could scarcely be said to have a black eye.
 Remarks.—​We have little doubt that many of our readers
will have anticipated the remarks that we feel called upon to
make respecting the two game encounters between these
men. On the first occasion it was obvious that Sayers felt he
had a great undertaking before him, and he was therefore
naturally cautious in the outset not to throw a chance away
which might at once put the victory beyond his reach. Jones
was known to be a very heavy hitter with his right, as was
proved by the severe punishment he dealt out to Tom
Paddock in both their mills. Sayers accordingly “played
’possum,” and in the first few rounds allowed him to take the
initiative, in order that he might measure his powers carefully
before he exposed himself to danger. Tom proved himself
extremely quick on his pins, and by his agility he to a certain
extent neutralised the effect of Jones’s severe lunges. True,
he got hit occasionally with effect, as witness the cut over his
left eye, and also on his left ear. Jones, to his surprise, found
before him a man clearly his superior at out-fighting, and one,
too, as he soon discovered, but little his inferior in bodily
strength. For the first hour and a half, it will be recollected, he
had apparently the advantage, Sayers suffering severely from
cramp, and having to depend principally upon his legs to keep
him out of harm’s way; but after this he gradually recovered,
and Jones, as was the case in his fights with Paddock, after
the said hour and a half, gradually fell off, and became
languid in his exertions. Tom, of course, improved the
occasion, and showed such superiority in hitting that many
thought he would have won with the greatest certainty had
not darkness come on. We must confess that, although we
did not say so at the time, we entertained a similar opinion,
and we at the same time thought that the darkness was in
other respects an unfortunate circumstance for Sayers,
believing, as we did, that Jones, profiting by experience,
would at the next meeting have resorted to a different system
of milling, and, by at once going to close quarters, have
reduced his adversary to such a state in a few rounds as to
render victory certain. It seemed to us that this would have
been his game in the first fight, instead of trusting to long
shots, at which he found Sayers as good as himself, and we,
in common with others, were fully prepared to see him adopt
the system. There is no harm now in making known our
opinion that Aaron’s performance on the first occasion
disappointed us not a little. We all along thought Sayers had
overmatched himself, and it was not until the conclusion of
the first round that we changed our mind. Many shared our
belief that the man who could maul the game and resolute
Paddock as Jones had done must prove too much for an
antagonist so inferior in size and weight as Sayers, and many
blamed the latter for his presumption. Among this latter class
we do not number ourselves, for it is our practice never to
blame a man for soaring at high game when he really feels
confidence in his own powers. Ambition, when kept within
bounds, is a praiseworthy quality, and Sayers merely followed
the example of other middle weights who had preceded him,
in essaying to raise himself to a higher level when he could
not find an antagonist worthy of his fist in his own sphere.
How fully he was justified in his confident aspirations the
result has proved. On Tuesday last, as may be gathered from
our account of the fight, Jones fought even less
“judgmatically” than at the first merry meeting. Instead of
forcing the fighting at once, as he had expressed his intention
of doing, he allowed Sayers to open the ball, and in the very
onset to inflict such punishment upon him as to shake the
confidence of his friends very materially; and not only did he
allow his adversary to take extraordinary liberties with him,
but he seemed to have lost his precision in returning, and for
some time made not the slightest impression upon Tom’s wig-
block. The exceedingly clever performance of Sayers in the
third round, and the apparent impunity with which he got
home upon all parts of Aaron’s dial, took his own friends by
surprise, and the fear expressed was that he was fighting too
fast for a long day, and that the strength and length of his
opponent must tell with fearful effect when he became tired.
He was cautioned as to this, but requested to be allowed to
fight his own way, as he knew what suited him best. The blow
on Aaron’s jaw in the fourth round was very severe, and
nearly decided the event, and this we are induced to believe
had some effect in stopping his rushes later in the fight,
when, had he been capable of continuing the offensive with
effect, the result might have been very serious to Tom, who
for a long period was exceedingly fatigued, and had to nurse
himself in the most careful manner in order to bring himself
through. The improvement he (Sayers) displayed in every
way, since his last match, was extraordinary. His system of
leading off is almost perfect, and his quickness on his legs
would have delighted the late Mr. John Jackson, whose
opinion on the subject of this qualification is well known. He
had little recourse to stopping, trusting to his activity to keep
him out of harm’s way, and the success with which his
manœuvring was attended was proved by the fact that he
had scarcely a black eye, and, beyond exhaustion, had
nothing to complain of. In addition to his quickness in
defence, he seems also to have acquired greater facility in
pursuing the offensive, and the weight with which many of
his blows fell upon his opponent proved that his hitting was
as effective as that of most 12 stone men. As usual, he stood
up in the gamest, most resolute manner, and faced his
adversary throughout with the utmost good humour, but, at
the same time, with determination. By many it was expected
he would have adopted the dropping system, as he had done
with Poulson; but we were delighted to perceive that on
neither occasion did such a notion enter his head; and indeed
we are told that even with the bold Nottingham man he
would not have had recourse to it, had he not been terribly
out of condition, and altogether in such a state as to be
incapable otherwise of resisting the onslaughts of so powerful
an opponent. We understand that Tom has now an intention
of looking still higher in the scale for an opponent worthy of
 his powers, and both Tom Paddock and the Tipton Slasher are
talked of as his next antagonists, but that he will first rest on
his oars a while to recover from his recent fatigue. How far
this may be true we know not, but we presume time will
show. Of this, however, we are confident, that whoever the
Middle Weight Champion may next pick out, that worthy must
look to his laurels, and leave no stone unturned to get himself
fit for the fray; for big as he may be, he will have a hard day’s
work before him. Of Aaron Jones we must say that his
exhibition on each day disappointed us, and fell far short of
what we expected after his extraordinary encounters with
Paddock. True it is that he never once flinched from
punishment, and when severely hit persevered in the most
manly way to turn the scale in his favour. Not a word can now
be said against his character for gameness and gluttony, for
both which qualities he had already earned for himself
sufficient fame in his passages with Paddock to remove any
stigma that his meetings with Orme might have cast upon
him. Most gamely did he persevere while Sayers was fatigued
to force the milling and to wear out his antagonist; but, owing
to the great quickness and judgment of Tom, his efforts
recoiled upon himself; and, being unable to effect any
punishment, he did but reduce himself below the level of the
gallant Tom, and thus fall a prey to his opponent’s superior
judgment and tactics.

Sayers’s triumphant coups d’essai with two good

“big ’uns” gave him an open “perspective view” of
the goal of his ambition—​the Championship—​an
honour never yet achieved by a middle-weight. With
this view he addressed a challenge to the
redoubtable 13 stone Tipton Slasher, who then
claimed the belt; the Tipton having received forfeit in
1856 from Harry Broome, who retired, and in the
year 1857 from both Tom Paddock and Aaron Jones.
Never since the memorable battle between Caunt
and Bendigo, in Sept., 1845, had there been a match
which excited such general interest outside the circle
of regular supporters of true British boxing. Here was
a man, the acknowledged Champion of the Middle-
weights, boldly throwing down the gauntlet to the
equally acknowledged Champion of England, and
daring him to combat for the title and reward to
which for so long a time he had laid claim without
meeting an adversary of his own weight and inches
daring enough to deny his pretensions. Not a
semblance of ill feeling was there existing between
the men, and we are glad to state that throughout,
even up to the very contest itself, they maintained
towards one another the most kindly sentiments. The
only matter at issue between them was whether a
man of 5 feet 8½ inches, and under 11st. in weight,
possessed of whatever science he might be, could
contest, with any chance of success, against one
topping the 6 feet by half an inch, and weighing not
less than 14st. 6lb. The Slasher himself laughed at
the idea of defeat, and stated to us his firm belief
that on entering the ring he would, in addition to his
other advantages, be found the cleverer man of the
two. He said he had made up his mind not to run all
over the ring after his younger and more active
opponent, but to take his stand at the scratch, and
await the onslaughts of the gallant Sayers. This we
(who knew the bold Tom’s capabilities) deemed a
sound determination; how far the burly Tiptonian
adhered to it on entering the ring will appear in the
sequel. Sayers also, to some measure, made us his
confidant as to his intentions on the day of battle,
and intimated that he believed the Slasher was
perfectly worn-out and incapable of anything like
prolonged exertion. He had fully made up his mind,
he said, to keep him on his pins, and lead him about
the ring, by forcing the pace, until he should be so
exhausted as to be somewhat nearer his own mark.
He, like the Slasher, scorned the idea of defeat, and
felt such intense confidence from the very day the
match was made, that he invested almost every
penny he possessed upon the result of the
encounter. The excitement in all quarters increased
week by week from the time the match was made,
and in every sporting circle the contest was made
one of the great themes of discussion. The general
feeling at first appeared to be that Sayers had by his
victory over Aaron Jones got above himself, and that
his overweening confidence would lead him into
unexpected difficulties, if, indeed, as was in many
quarters anticipated, the match did not end in a
forfeit on his part. As the time approached, however,
and it was found that both men were in active work,
and evidently both meaning mischief, the doubts as
to the match going on vanished, the only point
remaining for discussion being the foolhardiness of
Sayers, and the overweening confidence of his
friends in allowing the match to come to an issue for
the full stakes. The Sayers party, however,
maintained their own opinion, and from first to last
contended that the Slasher was stale and out of
practice, that he was destitute of scientific
acquirements, and so slow that any want of size and
weight on the part of his adversary was fully
compensated for by these deficiencies. We believe
they never refused to take 6 to 4, and finally
accepted 5 to 4 against their pet.
The doings of Tom’s gigantic opponent will be
found in our fourth Chapter. We have noted the
awakening given to the Ring by the announcement
of the New Champion Belt, and the Slasher’s defiant
challenge. Tom accepted the terms, and Jemmy
Massey immediately made the match for the Tipton;
the day being fixed for the 16th of June, 1857. So
soon as articles were signed, the Slasher, who was
then keeping a public-house in Spon Lane, Tipton,
gave up his business and betook himself to training
at Boxmoor, where he got off some superfluous flesh
acquired in his calling as a Boniface; indeed when we
saw him one evening at Owen Swift’s he appeared to
have been carefully prepared. He was certainly not
so hard and thin as we had seen him some years
before; but his complexion was fresh and his muscles
well developed, and he told us he “drew the balance
at 14st.” He expressed entire confidence, and
grinned good humouredly at the bare mention of
defeat by so small an opponent. The Tipton left
London overnight to avoid interruption, and was
picked up on the downward voyage at Tilbury.
The stakeholder (the Editor of Bell’s Life) having
to name the place of fighting, proposed to charter
two steamers; one to convey the men, their seconds
and friends, the other a select party of Corinthians;
and for this tickets were issued. At the last moment,
however, the scheme miscarried, a special boat being
unobtainable. A gentleman, however, offered a
vessel to start from Southend, with 250 passengers
as a maximum number, on the Tuesday morning, to
convey the “excursionists” wherever they might wish
to go. This offer was gratefully accepted. The
number was, subsequently, limited to 200, including
ring-keepers, men, and seconds. On arriving at
Southend, it was blowing a gale from the S.E., and
there was a heavy sea on. The boat could not come
alongside the pier, and it was with great difficulty
that the passengers were able to get on board. It
was upwards of an hour before Tom Oliver and the
ropes and stakes were got in.
When all were on board, the vessel steamed out
to sea, and rounded the Nore Light. The passage
was anything but enjoyable to bad sailors, and many
offered their contributions to Neptune in the most
liberal manner. The passengers in the fore-part of the
vessel were drenched with salt water, but they bore
the infliction with stoical good humour. The men
entered the ring between two and three, but just as
all was arranged, the company seated, and the
dressing commenced, a bevy of blues was seen
swiftly approaching the ring. Sauve qui peut was the
order of the day, and all rushed off to the
steamboats, many, in their anxiety, making for the
wrong vessel, and many mistakes consequently
occurring. All, however, got on board one or the
other by three o’clock, and a move was made some
miles farther on to an island, where a second
debarkation speedily took place. Another ring was
pitched, and round it were quickly ranged some 3,00
persons. The movements of the steamer had put all
the frequenters of the river on the qui vive, and the
water was studded with boats and sailing vessels of
various sizes conveying their numerous freights to
the scene of action. The ground selected was
excellent for milling purposes, and the inner and
outer rings were formed with as much expedition as
possible, for fear of further interruption. A good
business was transacted in the sale of inner-ring
tickets, the amount realised by which was £47 2s.
6d. The number of Corinthian sportsmen was the
largest we remember at the ring-side, and the
spectators most orderly. At half-past four the men
entered the ring ready for business; Sayers attended
by Nat Langham and Bill Hayes, and the Slasher
under the superintendence of Tass Parker and Jack
Macdonald, perhaps the best pair of seconds that
could be found. No time was cut to waste in
preliminaries; the colours were tied to the stakes—​
blue and white spot for Sayers, and the old blue
birdseye for the Slasher—​and at twelve minutes to
five they were delivered at the scratch, the betting
being 6 to 5 on the old one.
 THE FIGHT.
Round 1.—​On toeing the scratch the contrast between the
men was, as may be imagined, most extraordinary. The ould
Tipton topped his adversary at least four inches, and it
looked, to the uninitiated, “a horse to a hen.” His immense
frame and ponderous, muscular arms and legs seemed
calculated to bear him to victory against four such men as
Sayers. He looked all full of confidence, and evidently
considered he had a very easy little job before him. He was
thinner than we expected to see him, and his condition
generally was very fair, but there were the usual indications of
age upon certain points where the fulness and roundness of
youth had disappeared from his form. He looked all his age
(thirty-eight); indeed, by many he was thought to be far on
the shady side of forty. His attitude was ungainly, but still he
was rough and ready, and the question that suggested itself
was “how was Sayers to get at him?” Tom Sayers, as he
advanced to meet his antagonist, was the perfection of manly
strength and athletic development. His fine broad shoulders,
small loins, and powerful arms and legs were all turned in one
of Nature’s best lathes, and there was not a fault to find,
unless it was found that he had two or three pounds more
flesh than was necessary about his back and ribs. His attitude
for attack or defence was admirable, and however confident
the Slasher was, it was perfectly obvious that Sayers was not
one whit behind him in that respect. The Slasher had
evidently made up his mind to set to work at once and cut his
man down in a jiffey. He lumbered in like a huge bear, let go
both hands with more vigour than judgment, but did not get
home, and Sayers, in stepping back, fell, but at once jumped
up to renew the round. The Slasher went at him, put in a little
one on the skull, and Tom again fell.
2.—​The Slasher came up evidently with greater confidence
than ever, and lunged out his right, which reached Tom’s ribs
with great force, and Tom countered him sharply on the
mouth, drawing “first blood.” The Slasher looked astonished,
stopped to consider a moment, and again went in, swinging
his great arms like the sails of a windmill. Sayers danced
lightly out of harm’s way, and then, stepping in, popped a tidy
smack on the spectacle-beam, and got away laughing. After
dancing round his man, and easily avoiding several more
lunges, Tom again got home on the snuffer-tray, removing a
piece of the japan, and drawing a fresh supply of the ruby.
The Tipton, annoyed, rushed in, missed his right, and also a
terrific upper-cut with his left, and Sayers again dropped in
upon the nose. After this, slight exchanges took place, the
Slasher too slow to be effective. He now chased Sayers all
over the ring, the latter dancing round him like a wild Indian,
or fleeing like a deer, to draw him after him. The vicious
blows aimed by the Slasher all fell upon the air, and his
exertions to catch his nimble antagonist caused him to blow
off steam to an indefinite extent. Had one of the intended
compliments alighted upon Tom, it looked as if it would have
been all over with him. After Sayers had completed his dance
he went to his man, cleverly avoided a good right-hander, and
delivered another very hot one on the proboscis (more
“Lafitte” of the premier crû). The Tipton tried his heavy
punches again three times and missed; a fourth attempt was
prettily stopped, after which both hit short. The Tipton next
got on Tom’s right cheek with his left, but not heavily, and
some very pretty stopping followed on both sides, after which
the Tipton made another rush like a bull at a gate, and found
himself once more battling with vacancy, Tom having slipped
under his arm, and danced off laughing. The Slasher looked
with astonishment, and shook his nut. Sayers again
approached, and after one or two feints a good exchange
took place, Sayers getting on to the left eye, and the Slasher
on the ribs. Sharp counter-hits followed, Slasher on the
mouth and Tom on the cheek. Tom now led off with his
double, but the Slasher stopped him prettily twice in
succession, when he missed his return. The Slasher again
pounded away, principally with his right, but without effect, as
Sayers jumped back or stopped every effort. Sayers now
planted a stinger with his left on the mark and stopped the
return. The next minute he got sharply home on the nasal
organ, and jumped quickly away from a well-intended upper-
cut, which looked like a finisher. The Slasher now stopped one
or two pretty leads, but his return came so slowly that Sayers
was far out of harm’s way. This occurred several times, the
Slasher rushing about like a baited bull, Sayers skipping and
nimbly getting away from every rush. After a little of this
entertainment Sayers went in, let go his left, and was stopped
neatly, and he, in turn, stopped two very round hits on the
part of Perry. Sayers next feinted, and got home a slashing
left-hander on the right cheek, which he cut severely, and
drew a plenteous supply of ruby. Another hit fell on the same
spot. The Slasher then got a little one on Tom’s body, and
tried again, but Tom got away. The Slasher retired to his
corner to get his mug wiped, and, on coming out again, Tom
led him another dance all over the ring, the Old One, with
more haste than speed, trying to catch him, and repeatedly
expending his strength in empty space. At last Sayers, having
given him a good turn at this game, stopped to see whether
he was pumped, and some good exchanges followed, Sayers
again on the damaged cheek, and the Slasher also reaching
the cheek. Mutual stopping followed, and Sayers next got
home heavily on the olfactory projection. The Slasher now
stopped Tom, and returned, but not heavily, on the top of his
nut, which led to exchanges, Tom on the left optic, and Bill on
the ribs. After one or two more exchanges, another
tremendous counter took place, Tom receiving on the mouth,
and the Slasher on the nose, each drawing the carmine. The
Slasher having next made several misses went in, and
another sharp counter was exchanged, Tom receiving on the
brain-pan, and the Slasher on the beak, from which more
home-brewed escaped. Each now had a wipe of the sponge,
and Tom treated his opponent to another game of follow-my-
leader all over the ring, in the course of which the Slasher
caught him a heavy right-hander on the back. He then
stopped Tom’s left and heavy counters followed Tom on the
nose, and Slasher on the os frontis, knocking him down (first
“knock down” for Slasher). This round lasted nearly half an
hour.
3.—​The Slasher came up laughing, but he was evidently
bent on mischief. Sayers smiled, tried his left and was
stopped, and the Slasher, as usual, missed two swinging
right-handers. Tom dodged, popped his left on the mark, and
then on the forehead, got a little one on the ribs, and
exchanges followed, Tom getting home on the left ogle, and
Tipton on the mouth. Some heavy give and take fighting
followed, Tom getting more juice from the Slasher’s right
cheek, and receiving one or two smart ones on the neck and
side of his head. Mutual stopping, feinting and dodging until
Tom got home on the mark, and the Slasher again followed
him all over the ring, hitting out of distance, and with no
manner of judgment. Finding he could do nothing, the
Slasher put down his hands, and retired for another wipe
from Jack Macdonald, and then renewed his exertions, when
some pretty stopping took place on both sides, after which
Sayers got home on the left side of the nob, but was stopped
in another essay. The Slasher stopped two more well-
intended ones, and then got home on the side of Tom’s
cranium; Sayers returned now heavily on the proboscis, once
more turning on the tap. Tom now dodged, and then got
home heavily on the damaged cheek—​a tremendous hit, and
again did the home-brewed appear. The Slasher retired to be
cleaned, and came again viciously, but Sayers pinked him on
the smeller, receiving a slight return on the top of the nob.
More futile efforts on the part of the Slasher, whose friends
called upon Sayers to stand still and be hit, but Tom wisely
declined. He had orders to keep his man on his legs and fight
him at long shots, and these orders he carried out most
excellently. Again and again did the Slasher miss or get
stopped. Occasionally he got home a very little one, which did
not leave a mark, and now he rushed at Tom, dashed out his
right, and very narrowly escaped smashing his fist against the
stake—​it was within an inch. Sayers lifted up his arms with
astonishment, and stood laughing until the Slasher wore
round on another tack, and came at him again, when Tom got
away, shaking his noddle and grinning. The Slasher followed,
Tom nailed him on the nozzle, stopped his return, and then
planted another on the cheek. Sharp exchanges followed, the
Slasher getting on Tom’s right cheek and just drawing the
juice, while Tom left a mark on the Slasher’s left eye. The
Old’un, very slow, sparred apparently for wind, and was then
stopped left and right, after which each hit over the shoulder.
Tom afterwards stopped both hands, and got easily away
from a third attempt. Slight exchanges followed, Tom on the
nose, and Slasher on the top of the head. More dancing by
Sayers, and exhausting efforts on the part of the Slasher, and
then as the Slasher came, Tom caught him a severe
straightener on the snuff-box, drawing lots of claret. The
Slasher, savage, stood to consider, and then rushing in
delivered a little one on the side of Tom’s head with his right,
and Tom fell. (Time, 52 minutes.)
4.—​The Slasher came up grinning, but he was evidently
somewhat fatigued by his exertions. He nevertheless adhered
to his practice of forcing the fighting, again dashed at Tom,
and contrived to plant a little one on the body with his right,
but it was not within punishing distance. Slight exchanges
followed on the side of the wig-block, after which the Slasher
stopped Tom’s left. Heavy counter-hits next succeeded in
favour of Sayers, who got home on the Slasher’s potato-trap,
and napped a little one on the nob. After another dance
round the ring, Tom stopped the Slasher’s right, and the latter
then drove him into the corner, and, evidently thinking he had
him safe, wound himself up to finish; but when he let go his
left and right, he found that Tom had slipped under his arm,
and was laughing at him in the middle of the ring. The K-
legged giant, irate that his opponent would not stand to be
hit, again lumbered after him, like an elephant in pumps, but
it was no go. “No catchee, no havee,” was Tom’s maxim, and
he kept to his active tactics. The Slasher persevered, and
Sayers stopped his left and right, and then turned away
laughing and shaking his noddle. The Tipton giant could not
make it out, and turned to his second as if to inquire what he
should do; another illustration of the classical adage—​capit
consilium gladiator in arena. At last he went at it again and
got home on the body, receiving in return on the kisser. Some
sparring followed, until the Tipton again led off, and was short
with both hands. Finding he could do nothing, he retired to
his corner, where he stood leaning on the ropes, Tom waiting
and beckoning him to the scratch. After a rest the Slasher
came out, feinted at Tom, but was quickly nailed on the left
cheek. He tried again, and got home heavily on the ribs, and
Sayers fell. (Time, one hour and four minutes.)
5.—​Perry still adhered to his boring tactics, but Tom was
far too quick on his pins, and easily avoided him. Another
attempt was stopped, and from a third Sayers got easily
away. A fourth was missed, and Tom returned on the left
cheek, which led to heavy exchanges on the side of the head,
and Tom fell, the Slasher falling over him.
6.—​The Slasher came up laughing, and let go his left, but
out of distance; good exchanges followed, Sayers effecting
another lodgment on the right cheek, and increasing the cut
in that quarter, and the Slasher getting home on the cranium.
The Slasher, after another ill-directed rush, again retired to
his corner, had a drink and a wipe, and then came again,
when Sayers stopped his deliveries with the greatest ease.
The Slasher persevered, and Tom led him another morris-
dance, but they afterwards got close, and slight exchanges
ended in the Slasher falling.
7.—​The Tipton bored in stooping, head-foremost, like a bull
of Salamanca. Tom, not being provided with a mantilla to
throw over his head, jumped aside like a matador, and on
went his assailant to the ropes. Perry swung round, just got
on to Tom’s head, and each then missed a blow. The Slasher
persevered, and Tom countered on the left side of his
forehead with his right, after which Perry retired to his corner,
whither Sayers followed him, and the Slasher at once lunged
out at the cheek, but not effectually. He now made another of
his wild onslaughts, but only to be disappointed, and he next
stopped both Tom’s mauleys. Some sparring followed, both
being slightly blown; the Slasher stopped Tom’s left, and
returned with his right on the body. After a few more misses,
they got close, and Tom delivered a heavy spank on the left
eye, and fell from the force of his own blow. (One hour,
fifteen minutes.)
8.—​Perry showed a bump under the left peeper, but he
came up smiling, and let go his left and right, both of which
were stopped. He then stood blowing, until Sayers went to
the attack, and some mutual pretty stopping took place,
followed by several misses on either side. The Slasher once
more retired to rest in his corner, but was fetched out by
Sayers, who then got home on the side of the nob, and neatly
avoided a return. Both were now rather wild in their lunges,
and the Slasher, who pursued his man most vigorously,
repeatedly missed his blows. Tom at length caught him on the
cutwater, drawing a fresh supply from the best bin, and the
Slasher walked off to borrow Jack Macdonald’s wipe. Tom
followed, and got home very heavily on the mark and then on
the mouth, renewing “the cataract from the cavern.” Sharp
exchanges in favour of Sayers followed, and in the end both
fell.
9.—​The Slasher came up slowly. Notwithstanding his
severe punishment, his seconds sent him up beautifully clean,
and in fact their attention throughout was beyond all praise.
He tried again and again to plant upon the agile Sayers, but
in vain. Sayers stopped him at all points, and then delivered a
heavy left-hander on the mark. Some sparring followed, and
Sayers stopped several heavy lunges, the Tipton in return
stopping his left. Tom, in another attempt, got on the
damaged cheek, increasing the cut, and the Tipton walked to
his corner, whither Tom followed him, but on the Slasher
making his usual lunge Sayers jumped back. Perry followed,
and some pretty taps and stops, without mischief, took place.
The Slasher then hit out of distance several times in
succession, but on getting close some neat exchanges
followed, Tom on the mark, heavily, and Perry on the cheek,
but not effectively. Perry once more bored in, and delivered
his right, but it was a mere fly-blow. Tom missed his prop
with the left, and the Slasher retired for a drink. Tom thought
this an example worth following, and after the inner man was
refreshed, they went to work again, and sharp exchanges, all
in favour of Sayers, followed; he kept playing on the Slasher’s
damaged nose and cheek, his double being very effective,
while Perry’s blows appeared to leave no mark. Tom now
stopped several well-intended blows, and returned heavily on
the right cheek with his left. Perry, although getting slower
every minute, gamely persevered, put in his right and left on
the body, and then hit short with both hands. More mutual
stopping ensued, until they got close, when the Slasher
dashed his right at the body, but Tom met him with a very
straight left-hander on the mouth, drawing more of the elixir
of life, and with his right he planted severely on the nose.
Another sharp one on the mouth caused the Slasher to
stagger and fall, and Tom fell over him. The Slasher evidently
was fast going; the last three blows, particularly the right-
hander, were very heavy, and the game old fellow was almost
abroad, and was very slow to time.
10 and last.—​The Slasher crawled very slowly to the
scratch, and attempted to lead off. It was, however, only an
attempt. Tom easily avoided it, and planted a tremendous hit
on the mark, stopping the return with ease. He stopped two
more attempts, and then as the Slasher lunged out a third
time he caught him with the left on the damaged cheek and
the right on the mouth, cutting his upper lip very severely,
and the Slasher fell, Tom on him. The Slasher was carried to
his corner, and, with some difficulty, was got round in time to
go to the scratch for another round. His dial, however, was
dreadfully punished, and his lip was so much cut that he
presented a piteous appearance. It was evident that he had
not the slightest chance; he was as weak as a kitten, and
entirely at the mercy of his adversary, who was perfectly
scatheless and apparently as active as when he began, and
Owen Swift, the Slasher’s principal backer, seeing the state of
things, stepped into the ring, and with praiseworthy humanity
declared that he should fight no more. Perry was very
unwilling to give up without one more shy, but Owen was
imperative. He insisted upon the men shaking hands, and the
sponge was thrown up, Tom Sayers being proclaimed the
winner, and Champion of England, amid the cheers of his
partisans, at the expiration of one hour and forty-two
minutes.
No time was now lost in getting on board the vessels, the
majority of the spectators making for the larger vessel, for
which they had no tickets, and taking advantage of the
absence of the authorities on shore to scramble on board
before demands could be made upon them to show their
credentials. The charterers of the “Widgeon” (the companion
or rather opposition), did not display much consideration for
their patrons, as they steamed off almost immediately on the
conclusion of the mill, leaving the majority of their customers
to their fate.
It was fortunate for Sayers that he finished his task at the
time he did, for scarcely had the men left the ring when the
same body of peelers who had before interfered arrived upon
the ground, just in time to be too late to put their kind
intentions into effect. It was only the difficulty in getting a
boat that prevented their arrival at an earlier hour.
As soon as all were on board the regular boat a
consultation was held as to the course that ought to be
pursued, and the general opinion having been taken, it was
resolved to make for Strood, instead of giving the navigators
another turn round the Nore, and by eight o’clock a landing
was effected at that town, and nearly all were enabled to
reach town by eleven o’clock in the evening. On the voyage
to Strood, Tom Sayers went round among the Corinthians and
made a collection for his fallen but game opponent, which
amounted to the sum of £22 5s.
Remarks.—​The account of this battle tells its own tale, and
calls for scarcely any remarks. From first to last it was evident
that the Tipton Slasher’s star had sunk, and that he was no
longer “The Slasher.” He must have felt from the very first
that, barring an accident, he had not the slightest chance. All
his quickness and activity had left him, and we could not help
thinking that his eyesight also must be failing, for times out of
number did he lunge out and attempt to deliver upper-cuts
when Tom Sayers was far beyond his reach, and these blows
were of such tremendous force that they must have tended to
take much of the steel out of him. It appeared to us that from
the very beginning he adopted a wrong principle. For a heavy,
lumbering man, like himself, to attempt to force the fighting,
and pursue a lithe, active fellow such as Sayers, was perfectly
ridiculous, as he evidently felt towards the conclusion of the
battle; and we should imagine that he must many times since
have regretted that he did not adhere to his original intention
of awaiting the attack and depending upon his powers as a
counter-hitter to bring him through. That he did his best to
please his backers and to bring the fight off in his favour
cannot for a moment be denied, and that he took his severe
punishment without a murmur was self-evident. He always
had the character of being a game man, and that character
he carried with him into retirement. The Tipton said that early
in the fight he injured his right hip in one of his sudden twists
to catch his opponent, and this materially interfered with his
powers. Tom Sayers fought strictly to orders throughout, and
his coolness and judgment greatly enhanced his reputation
among his friends. Some persons present commented upon
his retreating tactics, and contended that this was not fair
fighting, but as these remarks proceeded from the enemy’s
camp they are worth but little. Of course it would have been
infinitely more pleasing to them had Tom stood and slogged
away against an adversary of so much heavier metal until he
was disabled by a chance blow, but such a course would have
been perfect madness on his part. How his jumping or
running away could be called unfair, so long as he confined
himself within the ring, we cannot conceive. The ring is
always constructed of a certain size for the express purpose
of restraining the combatants within certain bounds, and
within those bounds a man has a perfect right to retreat and
jump about as long as he likes, so that he does not decline to
face his opponent; and that Tom Sayers for one moment
declined to continue the battle cannot by any one be
maintained. How far his jumping about and exertions upon
his legs were advisable for his own sake is another question,
and we are inclined to think that he might have kept out of
harm’s way with far less exertion, and reserved much of his
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