Sankalchand Patel University

Faculty of Engineering and Technology

Third Year Bachelor of Technology
Mechanical Engineering

SEMESTER: VI ASSIGNMENT 3 SUBJECT: DOM(Balancing)

Topic Problem No.

Rotating mass-single plane 1
Rotating mass-different plane 2,8,10,11
Balancing-Intro 12
Reciprocating mass -locomotive 3,4,7,17
Reciprocating mass -Multycylinder inline engine 5,9,13,14,18
Reciprocating mass -V engine 6,15,16

1. The four masses m1, m2 m3 and m4 having their radii of rotation as 200 mm, 150 mm, 250 mm and 300
mm are 200 kg, 300 kg, 240 kg and 260 kg in magnitude respectively. The angles between the successive
masses are 45˚, 75˚ and 135˚ respectively. Find the position and magnitude of the balance mass required, if
its radius of rotation is 200 mm. Use analytical method and graphical method.
2. Four masses A, B, C and D are completely balanced. Masses C and D make angles of 90° and 195°
respectively with B in the same sense. The rotating masses have following properties. mb =25 kg, mc =40
kg, md =35 kg, ra =150 mm, rb =200 mm, rc =100, rd =180 mm, Planes B and C are 250 mm apart.
Determine
1. The mass A and its angular position,
2. The position of planes A and D.

3. The following data refer to four coupled wheel locomotive with two inside cylinders:
Pitch of the cylinders= 600 mm, reciprocating mass/cylinder = 315 kg, revolving mass/cylinder = 260 kg,
distance between driving wheels = 1.6 m, distance between coupling rods = 2 m, diameter of driving
wheels = 1.9 m, revolving parts for each coupling rod crank = 130 kg, engine crank radius = 300 mm,
coupling rod crank radius= 240 mm, distance of centre of balance mss in planes of driving wheels from axle
centre = 750 mm, angle between engine cranks = 90° , angle between coupling rod crank with adjacent
engine crank=180° .
The balanced mss required for the reciprocating parts is equally divided between each pair of coupled
wheels. Determine
1. The magnitude and position of the balance mass required balancing two-third of reciprocating and whole
of the revolving parts.
2. The hammer blow and the maximum variation of tractive force when the locomotive speed 80 km/hr.

4. The following data apply to an outside cylinder uncoupled locomotive:

Mass of rotating parts per cylinder =360 kg; Mass of reciprocating parts per cylinder = 300 kg; Angle
between cranks = 90°; Crank radius = 0.3 m; Cylinder centres = 1.75 m; Radius of balance masses = 0.75 m;
Wheel centres = 1.45 m. If whole of the rotating and two-thirds of reciprocating parts are to be balanced in
planes of the driving wheels,
find:
1. Magnitude and angular positions of balance masses,
2. Speed in kilometres per hour at which the wheel will lift off the rails when the load on each driving
wheel is 30 kN and the diameter of tread of driving wheels is 1.8 m, and
3. Swaying couple at speed arrived at in (2) above.

1
 Sankalchand Patel University
Faculty of Engineering and Technology
Third Year Bachelor of Technology
Mechanical Engineering

5.A five cylinder in-line engine running at 750 rpm has successive cranks 144° apart, the distance between
the cylinder centre lines being 375 mm. The piston stroke is 225 mm and the ratio of the connecting rod to
the crank is 4. Examine the engine for balance of primary and secondary forces and couples. Find the
maximum values of these and the position of the central crank at which these maximum values occur. The
reciprocating mass for each cylinder is 15 kg.

6. The reciprocating mass per cylinder in a 60 0 twin engine is 1.5 kg. The stroke and connecting rod length
are 100 mm and 250 mm respectively. If the engine runs at 2500 r.p.m. Determine the maximum and
minimum values of the primary forces. Also find out the resultant secondary force.

7.A two cylinder locomotive engine has the following specifications:

Reciprocating masses/cylinder = 300 kg, Crank radius = 90 mm, Angle between crank = 90°, Driving wheel
diameter = 1780 mm, Distance between cylinder centers = 640 mm, Distance between driving wheel plans
= 1500 mm.
Determine:
(i) The fraction of reciprocating masses to be balanced if the hammer blow is not to exceed 45 kN at 95
Km/hr speed.
(ii) The variation in the tractive effort.
(iii) The magnitude of swaying couple.

8. Four masses P, Q, R and S are carried by a rotating shaft at radii 100 mm, 125 mm, 200 mm and 150 mm
respectively. The planes in which the masses revolve are spaced 600 mm apart and the masses Q, R and S
are 10 kg, 5 kg and 4 kg respectively. Determine the required mass P and the relative angular positions of
four masses so that the shaft shall be in complete balance.
9. The cranks and connecting rods of a 4-cylinder in-line engine running at 1800 r.p.m. are 60 mm and 240
mm each respectively and the cylinders are spaced 150 mm apart. If the cylinders are numbered 1 to 4 in
sequence from one end, the cranks appear at intervals of 90° in an end view in the order 1-4-2-3. The
reciprocating mass corresponding to each cylinder is 1.5 kg.
Determine :
(i)Unbalanced primary and secondary forces, if any, and
(ii) Unbalanced primary and secondary couples with reference to central plane of the engine.
10.A rotating shaft carries four masses A, B, C and D which are radially attached to it. The mass centers are
30 mm, 40 mm, 35 mm and 38 mm respectively from the axis of rotation. The masses A, C and D are 7.5
kg, 5 kg and 4 kg respectively. The axial distances between the planes of rotation of A and B is 400 mm and
between B and C is 500 mm. The masses A and C are at right angles to each other. Find for a complete
balance, (i) the angles between the masses B and D from mass A, (ii) the axial distance between the planes
of rotation of C and D, and (iii) the magnitude of mass B.
11. A shaft is supported in bearings 1.8 m apart and projects 0.45 m beyond bearings at each end. The shaft
carries three pulleys one at each end and one at the middle of its length. The mass of end pulleys is 48 kg
and 20 kg and their centre of gravity are 15 mm and 12.5 mm respectively from the shaft axis. The centre
pulley has a mass of 56 kg and its centre of gravity is 15 mm from the shaft axis. If the pulleys are arranged
so as to give static balance. Determine:
(i) Relative angular positions of the pulleys.

2
 Sankalchand Patel University
Faculty of Engineering and Technology
Third Year Bachelor of Technology
Mechanical Engineering

(ii) Dynamic forces produced on the bearings when the shaft rotates at 300 r.p.m.
12. Explain about ‘primary’ and ‘secondary’ balancing of reciprocating masses. A single cylinder
reciprocating engine has speed 240 rpm, stroke 300 mm, mass of reciprocating parts 50 kg, mass of
revolving parts at 150 mm radius 30 kg. If all the mass of revolving parts and two-third of the mass of
reciprocating parts are to be balanced, find the balance mass required at radius of 400 mm and the
residual unbalanced force when the crank has rotated 60° from IDC.
13. A four stroke five cylinder in-line engine has a firing order of 1-4-5-3-2-1. The centers lines of cylinders
are spaced at equal intervals of 15 cm, the reciprocating parts per cylinder have a mass of 1.5 kg, the piston
stroke is 10 cm and the connecting rods are 17.5 cm long. The engine rotates at 600 rpm. Determine the
values of maximum primary and secondary unbalanced forces and couples about the central plane.
14.The cranks and connecting rods of a four-cylinder in-line engine running at 1800 rpm are 60 mm and
240 mm each respectively and the cylinders are spaced 150 mm apart. The reciprocating mass
corresponding to each cylinder is 10 kg. If the cylinders are numbered 1 to 4 in sequence from one end,
the cranks appear at intervals of 90° in an end view in order 1-4-2-3. Determine unbalanced primary and
secondary forces, if any and unbalanced primary and secondary couples with reference to central plane of
the engine.
15. A twin V-engine has the cylinder center lines at 90° and the connecting rods operate a common crank.
The mass of reciprocating parts per cylinder is 10 kg and the crank radius is 75 mm. The length of
connecting rod is 300 mm. Show that the engine may be balanced for primary forces by means of a
revolving balance mass. If the engine speed is 500 rpm, what is the value of maximum resultant secondary
force?
16. For a twin V-engine the cylinder centerlines are set at 90° . The mass of reciprocating parts per cylinder
is 2.5 kg. Length of crank is 100 mm and length of connecting rod is 400 mm. determine the primary and
secondary unbalanced forces when the crank bisects the lines of cylinder centerlines. The engine runs at
1000 rpm
17.The following data refers to an inside cylinder locomotive:
Mass of reciprocating parts/cylinder: 36 kg
Revolving masses/cylinder : 16 kg
Pitch of the cylinder : 700 mm
Angle between crank : 90°
Length of each crank : 320 mm
Wheel tread diameter : 1900 mm
Distance between planes of wheel : 1800 mm
Limiting speed of locomotive : 100 kmph
If total revolving masses and 2 / 3 of the reciprocating parts are to be balanced, determine: (i) Variation of
tractive force (ii) Maximum swaying couple.
18. Four masses 150 kg, 200 kg, 100 kg and 250 kg are attached to a shaft revolving at radii 150 mm, 200
mm, 100 mm and 250 mm ; in planes A, B, C and D respectively. The planes B, C and D are at distances 350
mm, 500 mm and 800 mm from plane A. The masses in planes B, C and D are at an angle 105° , 200° and
300° measured anticlockwise from mass in plane A. It is required to balance the system by placing the
balancing masses in the planes P and Q which are midway between the planes A and B, and between C and
D respectively. If the balancing masses revolve at radius 180 mm, find the magnitude and angular positions
of the balance masses.
19.The three masses m1, m2 and m3 having their radii of rotation as 75 mm, 85 mm and 50 mm are 4 kg, 3
kg and 2.5 kg in magnitude respectively. The angles between the successive masses are 45˚, 90˚ and 105˚
3
 Sankalchand Patel University
Faculty of Engineering and Technology
Third Year Bachelor of Technology
Mechanical Engineering

respectively. Find the position and magnitude of the balance mass required, if its radius of rotation is 75
mm. Use analytical method and graphical method

Theory Questions(Balancing)
1. Explain concept of Partial balancing of Primary Unbalanced Force in Reciprocating Engine
2. Explain the procedure for balancing multi-cylinder radial engines by direct and reverse cranks method.
3. Explain Primary and Secondary Unbalanced Force Due to Reciprocating Masses.
4. Derive the expression for primary and secondary forces on V-engines.
5. Explain the methods of Static and Dynamic balancing using balancing machines in the industry.
6. How and why are reciprocating masses balanced in a piston-cylinder assembly?
7. 1) Why is balancing of rotating parts necessary for high speed engines?
2) Explain clearly the terms static balancing and dynamic balancing. State the necessary conditions to achieve
them.
8. Discuss the effects of partial balancing in locomotives.
9. Explain an analytical and graphical method of balancing of several masses rotating in different planes.
10. For an uncoupled two cylinder locomotive engine, derive the expressions of
‘Variation in tractive force’, ‘swaying couple’ and ‘hammer blow’.
11. Write down equations to find out magnitude and direction of balancing masses when several masses
rotates in different planes.