1 - Camera Projection
1 - Camera Projection
projection
Prof. Jyotsna Singh
Multimedia Research Lab, Division of ECE
Netaji subhas University of Technology
Sector 3, Dwarka, New Delhi-78
Perspective
• An image can be represented by a two
dimensional signal or matrix.
• Pixel is the smallest element of an image.
• Total number of pixels = Number of rows x
Number of columns
• The value of a pixel at any point correspond to
the intensity of the light photons striking at that
point.
• The value of each pixel is proportional to the
light intensity at that particular location. The
value 0 means absence of light (Dark).
• In an 8-bit gray scale image, the value of the
pixel between 0 and 255.
• For the calculation of total number of combinations that can
be made from bit, would be bpp denotes bits per pixel.
• the number of different colors depend on the number of bits Bits per pixel Number of colors
per pixel.
1 bpp 2 colors
• The famous gray scale image is of 8 bpp , means it has 256
different shades. 2 bpp 4 colors
3 bpp 8 colors
• Color images are usually of the 24 bpp format, or 16 bpp.
4 bpp 16 colors
• White color is denoted by levels:
center of projection
optical axis
World and Camera coordinate systems (cont’d)
To simplify mathematics, let’s assume:
(1) The center of projection coincides with the origin of the world coordinate system.
(2) The optical axis is aligned with the world’s z-axis and x, y are parallel with X, Y
y
World and Camera coordinate systems (cont’d)
(3) Avoid image inversion by assuming that the image plane is in front of the
center of projection.
(4) The origin of the image plane is the principal point.
center of
projection
• The model consists of a plane (image plane) and a 3D point O (center of
projection).
• The distance f between the image plane and the center of projection O
is the focal length (e.g., the distance between the lens and the CCD
array).
center of
projection
• The line through O and perpendicular to the image plane is the
optical axis.
• The intersection of the optical axis with the image plane is called
principal point.
center of
projection