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Lesson 5 - Rules of Differentiation

The document provides lecture notes on differentiation rules in calculus, specifically detailing the Product Rule, Quotient Rule, Chain Rule, and General Power Rule. It explains how to differentiate products, quotients, and composite functions, as well as techniques for simplifying derivatives. A summary of all differentiation rules is included for convenience.

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Selwyn Mark Rapesta
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15 views2 pages

Lesson 5 - Rules of Differentiation

The document provides lecture notes on differentiation rules in calculus, specifically detailing the Product Rule, Quotient Rule, Chain Rule, and General Power Rule. It explains how to differentiate products, quotients, and composite functions, as well as techniques for simplifying derivatives. A summary of all differentiation rules is included for convenience.

Uploaded by

Selwyn Mark Rapesta
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Central Mindanao University

College of Engineering
Department of Civil Engineering

Lecture Notes in
ES 13 – Calculus 1 (Differential Calculus)

RULES OF DIFFERENTIATION

THE PRODUCT RULE

The derivative of the product of two differentiable functions is equal to the first function times the derivative
of the second plus the second function times the derivative of the first.
𝑑
[𝑓(𝑥)𝑔(𝑥)] = 𝑓(𝑥)𝑔′ (𝑥) + 𝑔(𝑥)𝑓′(𝑥)
𝑑𝑥
For more than two factors:
𝑑
[𝑓(𝑥)𝑔(𝑥)ℎ(𝑥)] = 𝑓 ′(𝑥) 𝑔(𝑥)ℎ(𝑥) + 𝑓(𝑥)𝑔′(𝑥) ℎ(𝑥) + 𝑓(𝑥)𝑔(𝑥)ℎ′(𝑥)
𝑑𝑥

THE QUOTIENT RULE

The derivative of the quotient of two differentiable functions is equal to the denominator times the
derivative of the numerator minus the numerator times the derivative of the denominator, all divided by
the square of the denominator.
𝑑 𝑓(𝑥) 𝑔(𝑥)𝑓′(𝑥)−𝑓(𝑥)𝑔′(𝑥)
[ ] = [𝑔(𝑥)]2
, 𝑔(𝑥) ≠ 0
𝑑𝑥 𝑔(𝑥)

THE CHAIN RULE

The most powerful rule of differential calculus—the Chain Rule.

This differentiation rule deals with composite functions and adds versatility to the rules.

THE CHAIN RULE

If 𝑦 = 𝑓(𝑢) is a differentiable function of 𝑢 and 𝑢 = 𝑔(𝑥) is a differentiable function of 𝑥 then


𝑦 = 𝑓(𝑔(𝑥))is a differentiable function of 𝑥 and
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑢
= ∙
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑢 𝑑𝑥

or, equivalently,
𝑑
[𝑓(𝑔(𝑥))] = 𝑓 ′ (𝑔(𝑥))𝑔′(𝑥)
𝑑𝑥

When applying the Chain Rule, it helps to think of the composite function 𝑦 = 𝑓(𝑔(𝑥)) or 𝑦 = 𝑓(𝑢) as
having two parts—an inside and an outside—as illustrated below

The Chain Rule tells you that the derivative of is the derivative of the outer function (at the inner function
u) times the derivative of the inner function. That is,
𝑦′ = 𝑓′(𝑢) ∙ 𝑢′

THE GENERAL POWER RULE

If 𝑦 = [𝑢(𝑥)]𝑛 , where 𝑢 is a differentiable function of 𝑥 and 𝑛 is a real number, then or, equivalently,
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑢
= 𝑛[𝑢(𝑥)]𝑛−1
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
or, equivalently,
𝑑 𝑛
[𝑢 ] = 𝑛𝑢𝑛−1 𝑢′
𝑑𝑥

SIMPLIFICATION TECHNIQUES

Most applications of derivatives require a simplified form.

SIMPLIFYING BY FACTORING OUT THE LEAST POWERS


1. Write the original function.
2. Rewrite function.
3. Differentiate applying different rules of differentiation.
4. Factor
5. Simplify the final answer.

SUMMARY OF DIFFERENTIATION RULES


You now have all the rules you need to differentiate any algebraic function. For your convenience, they
are summarized below.

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