Lesson 6 - Chapter III - Filipino Nationalism ( Continuation)

- Recall an appreciate the birth of Filipino Nationalism

- Demonstrate ways of showing Filipino Nationalism
- Knowledge on the history, of Filipino Nationalism, its concepts and the Filipino who shows nationalism.

IMPORTANT DATES,EVENTS AND PERSONS IN THE RISE OF FILIPINO NATIONALISM

The Opening of the Philippines to World Commerce
On 1834, Manila was officially part of the World Commerce after reviewing different economic
policies 1834 -1873. this is the period of the development of agriculture in the country because
foreigners shared their agricultural ideas. Various ports opened in 1855 in Sual, Pangasinan, Iloilo and
Zamboanga, in 1860 in Cebu and in 1873 in Tacloban.
Consequently, strong financial activity in the colony was stimulated that made the lives of the
Filipinos prosperous. Modern farming techniques were introduced and the means of transportation and
communication were that boost financial advancement, boost tobacco, sugar and abaca manufacturing.
How Some Filipino Become Illustrados?
The middle class or the “Illustrados” were the educated Filipinos who, by writing essays, articles,
novels or publication in news journal called “ La Solidaridad,” campaigned for reform in the colony in a
peaceful way. They were made up of the ‘ principalia” on those belonging to the Spanish or Chinese
mestizos indigenous to Filipino or upper class.
Their families were “inquilinos” who leased property to the friars. Agricultural production evolved during
Philippine’s opening to world trade, which led them to become rich. They were able to improve their
social status and send their children to European schools. They later clamored for reforms and
equality,and their children became propaganda movement members.
Influx of Liberal Ideas
Suez Canal’s opening shortened the distance between the Philippine and Spain. This paved the way
for liberalism to enter the nation. Europe brought liberal concepts such as equality, freedom and
brotherhood and the establishment of the Spanish Republic; more Spaniards came to our nation and
imparted liberal thoughts to the Philippines. They carried liberal books and magazines with them. Not
only in Manila, but also in the provinces that occupied positions in municipal government, the amount of
Spaniards is increasing. With only a concern to improve material wealth and gain social prestige by
gaining authority in society, more friars are increasing. Colonizers keep the Filipinos tightly protected.
Secularization Movement
The transfer of parishes to the Filipino priest from the Spanish friars was one of the effects of
Europe’s spreading of liberal ideas.
There are two types of Priests;
1. Regular Priests or Friar Curates - They belong to specific religious orders like Dominicans, Jesuits,
Augustinians, Franciscans, and Recollects. Only Spanish priests could be regular priests.
2. Secular Priests or Parish Priests - these priests were not religious orders and were under the
archbishops oversight.
1565
Religious orders took control of the parishes in the Philippines these are the Augustinian, Recollects,
Dominican, and Franciscan.
Council of Trent
It was stated that Secular priests should control the parishes relates to deacons and priests who are
not monastic or members of a religious institute. But few secular priests are accessible because some of
them have been sent to America.
Father Pedro Pelaez (1862) - expose the discrimination of Filipino clergys and the racial and national
conflict with the Friars.
19th Century - Majority of the Filipino Priest were qualified as Secular Priests.
Governor General Carlos Maria de la Torre y Nava Cerrada - he was the one who boost and inspired the
Secularization movement and leads a Liberal Regime in Spain.
Rafael De Laquierdo (1870-73)
A Governor-General of the Spanish Republic who is an autocratic and oppressive ruler; replaced
Governor Dela Torre. He boasted that he ruled with a crucifix in one hand and a sword in the other. He
decided to restor old order and repealed the exemption of the Filipinos from Polo y Servicio ( force labor
of Filipino men in 1850) and tribute ( tax) that the Cavite workers had been enjoying.
January 20, 1872.
Two hundred Filipinos troops and employees, led by Sgt. Fernando La Madrid, who took control of
the Spanish arsenal in Cavite, mutinied against Spaniards. Governor Izquierdo sent troops forthwith to
quench the rebellion. The ring leaders were murdered and persecuted by La Madrid, accusing the
GOMBURZA as the Rebellion’s mastermind.
Francisco Zaldua - a Bicolano soldier who testified against the GOMBURZA
February 17, 1872 - the day of execution of the 3 priests at Luneta ( Bagumbayan)
Father Mariano Gomez, a Chinese-Filipino, born in Cavite who held the most senior position of the three
as Archbishops Vicar in Cavite. He was truly nationalistic and accepted the death penalty calmly as
thought it were his penance for pro-Filipinos.
Father Jose Burgos, was of Spanish descent, born in the Philippines. He was a parish priest of the Manila
Cathedral and had been known to be close to the liberal Governor General dela Torre. He was 35 years
old at the time and was active and outspoken in advocating the Filipinization of the clergy. He wrote to
defend the seculars and was known to weep like a child.
Father Jacinto Zamora, was also Spanish, born in the Philippines. He was the parish priest of Marikina
and was known to be unfriendly to and would not countenance any arrogance or authoritative behavior
from Spaniards coming from Spain. He once snubbed a Spanish Governor who came to visit Marikina.
Issues on the Three Priests.
1. Gomez - participated in secularization but no longer active in 1872 and he was already more
than 80 years old.
2. Burgos - involved in the issue of secularization.
3. Zamora - victim of mistaken identity since the warrant of arrest was addressed to a certain Jose
Zamora, a known critic of Spanish Governor at that time.
GOMBURZA EXECUTION
The parishes were assigned to regular priests. Because of the death of secular priests in the
19th century. The Spaniards wanted the secular priests to be silenced. Thus, father Jose Burgos, Mariano
Gomez, Jacinto Zamora - were executed in February 17, 1872 by Garrote after being implicated as master
minds in Cavite Mutiny. At the death of the three priests the crowd paid respect when they removed
their hats and knelt down. The bells rang all over the City upon the order of Archbishop Melito Martinez.
Garrote - is an execution technique previously practiced in Spain where a tightened iron collar is used to
strangle or break a convicted persons neck. It is said to be the form of execution performed to the three
priests.
The importance of 1872, GomBurza execution.
It is considered as the beginning of Filipino Nationalism in the Philippine History because the three
priests were innocent yet accepted the brutal punishment for the nation.
Propaganda Movement or Reform Movement
Also known as Junta De Propaganda, Cuerpo de Compromisarios and La Solidaridad, was founded in
19th century by the illustrados, to improve the lives of the low Indios thru reforms or changes
implemented in the colony. The founders were Dr. Pedro Paterno and Gregorio Sanciangco, Doctors of
Law who laid the foundation of the movement in Madrid.
Propaganda refers to the systematic efforts to spread opinion and beliefs by means of pen and
tongue; literally means the propaganda of a given opinion.
Propagandists or Reformists
These were the Filipino reformers who fled the country to escape persecution in 1872. they didn’t
have the intention of achieving social changes through armed struggle and revolution rather they
campaign for reform or change by way of writing. They advocated reform by writing books, pamphlet
and newspapers. They were popularly known as Illustrados ( Intellectuals) in Spain, England and France.
The Goals of Propaganda Movement
1. To make the Philippines the province of Spain
2. Filipino representation in the Spanish Cortes ( legislative branch in Spaniards government)
3. Equality between Spaniards and Filipino
4. Secularization or granting Filipino priest the right to hold parishes
5. Gaining freedom of speech, expression and assembly.
Major Causes for the Establishment of the Propaganda Movement
The following causes the creation of the Propaganda Movement;
1. Emergence of Middle Class
2. The liberal administration of Gov. General Carlos Maria dela Torre y Nava Cerrada
3. Execution of GOMBURZA
4. Resulted to the deportation of patriotic Filipinos.
THREE LEADING REFOMISTS IN 19TH CETURY
1. Jose P. Rizal
2. Graciano Lopez Jaena
3. Marcelo H. Del Pilar
 1. JOSE P. RIZAL
Regarded as the conscience of the movement and the most prolific writer among the
Propagandists. His pen names are Dimasalang and Laong Laan commonly known and acclaimed as the “
Father of Philippine Nationalism” due to his intellectual and idealistic support for Philippine
Independence. For him Spanish colonial system itself should be blamed for the unfortunate state of the
Filipinos and the colony.
Dr. Jose P. Rizal was born on June 19, 1861 in Calamba Laguna. At the age of three (3) , he learned
his aphabet, at the age of 8, he wrote a poem entitled “ Sa aking mga Kababata”( To my Fellow children)
a poem that talks about love for one’s language. At the age of 9, he was sent to private tutor Don
Justiniano Aquino Cruz. In 1872, changed his family name from Mercado to Rizal because Mercado was
closely identified to Fr. Burgos who was executed by Spanish Authorities. In 1877, he graduated Bachelor
of Arts in Ateneo, Municipa. He enrolled in University of Santo Tomas, took up medicine while taking up
agrimensura (surveying) in Ateneo. Rizals poem A la juventud Filipina ( to the Filipino Youth) won the first
prize in literacy contest sponsored by Licero Literario - Artisticio..
The councils of the God only won 2nd price after the judge learned that it was written by the
Filipino. In 1882, he sailed for Spain without the knowledge of his parents and finished medicine in
Universidad Central de Madrid in June 1885.Filipinas Dentro De Cien Anos ( The Philippine Century
Hence) his written essay, where he showed how the ancient civilization of Filipinos was ruined by the
Spaniards. Sa Mga Kababaihan ng Malolos ( The Young women of Malolos)
He wrote Noli Me Tangere (Touch Me Not) a novel about social reality in the Philippines in
19th century. On February 1888, he was force to leave Manila, he went to Hongkong,Japan, Macau, US
and England causing him to learned the La Liga Filipina in Tondo Manila, to foster cooperation among
Filipinos, to help each other in times of needs, to promote education and agriculture. In 1892 to 1896,
Rizal spent his life as an exiled in Dapitan. He became a teacher to little boys, he build artesian well for
more effective irrigation system, and he served as a doctor, and met Josephine Bracken. He was
requested to go to Cuba to serve as military doctor, but he was arrested for allegedly being connected
with revolution which broke out in the Philippines in 1896. he was imprisoned at Fort Santiago for
sedition, rebellion and illegal association. On December 30,1896, he was executed in Bagumbayan
(Luneta). his last poem given to his sister Mi Ultimo Adios, secretly hid inside the cocinilla de alcohol
( cooking lamp)

2. MARCELO H. DEL PILAR

 Marcelo H. Del Pilar was regarded as the greatest journalist of Reform Movement. Born on August
30, 1850 in San Nicolas, Bulacan, Bulacan. He used his grandmothers surname based on Governor.
General Narciso Claverias decree in 1849 - “ Filipino should adopt a Spanish Surname.”
He studied Latin in Manila, and successfully obtained the degree in Bachelor of Arts at Colegio de
San Jose. He took up law at University of Sto. Tomas but unable to finished it because he was suspended
when he inquired the increase in baptismal fee. He was also imprisoned for 30 days for this offense. He
married his second cousin Marciana del Pilar where they have 7 children but only 2 survived, Sofia and
Anita. He was passionate in his campaign against frailocracy. He delivered speeches in baptismal, fiestas
and even in cockpit arenas to exposed the abuses of the friars and the injustices his family experienced
from them.
Marcelo H. Del Pilar was a journalist who mastered the use of satire ( the use of humor, irony,
exaggeration, or ridicule to expose and criticize peoples stupidity or vices, particularly in the context of
contemporary politics and other topical issues.) he was the co-founder of the first bilingual newspaper in
the Philippines “ Diariong Tagalog” where he published his nationalistic article including the Tagalog
translation of Jose Rizal’s “ El Amor Patrio.” His other writings were;
1. Caingat Cayo - he defended here the Noli Me Tangere of Jose Rizal
2. Dasalan at Toksohan - collection of revised Catholic Prayers where he exposed the true nature of
friars
3. He change Ama Namin to Amain Namin, aba Ginoong Maria into Aba Ginoong Barya.
4. Sampung Utos ng Diyos to Sampung Utos ng Prayle.
5. Pasiong Dapat Ipag-alab nang Puso ng taong babasa
6. La Soberania Monacal en Filipinas ( Monastic Supremacy in the Philippines)
7. La Frailocracia Filipina ( The Frailocracy in the Philippines)
Marcelo H. Del Pilar was the brother-in-law of Deodato Arellano, a propagandist and first
president of the Katipunan. He organized the 1st political group in the Philippines known as the “Junta de
propaganda.” his pseudonyms are Dolores Manapat, Piping dilat, V. Garcia and Plaridel.

3. GRACIANO LOPEZ JAENA

He was born in Jaro, Iloilo on Dec 18, 1856. his parents encourage him to become a priest.
However, Graciano wanted to become a doctor. He left the seminary and enrolled in the School of
Medicine in University of Sto.Tomas but due to financial difficulties he wasn’t able to finish his medical
degree and forced to go back to ILoilo. The poor people of Iloilo consulted him for medical problems. He
started the campaign for freedom in 1874 by writing “Fray Botod” ( La hija de fraile) means “Big - Bellied
Friar.” In his work he revealed the gluttony, indolence and greediness of friars as represented by Fray
Botod.
He went to Negros Occidental to avoid arrest in 1880, and then he went to Valencia Spain and
continues his medical degree but later shifted to journalism in Madrid. Graciano was a former staff of Los
Dos Mundo - News organ in Iloilo and was acclaimed as the “ Prince of the Filipino Orators” and the
great orator of the reform movement. Hes pen name was Diego Laura and he founded the La solidaridad
( Solidarity) which becomes the mouthpiece of the Propaganda. In Madrid, he wrote articles
campaigning for reforms in the Philippines. He become a member of the freemasonry and founded
masonic lodge for Filipino in 1889.
For him and Marcelo H. Del Pilar, frailocracy or monastic supremacy was the root cause of
impoverishment of the Filipinos under Spanish colonialism. He has a habit of eating sardines straight
from the can, wiping his hands at his coat and still wear it the next day without being laundry.
OTHER FILIPINO REFORMISTS
PEDRO PATERNO
A doctor of law who wrote the novel entitled “Ninay” the first Filipino Novel that shows the
Filipino’s develop culture.

ANTONIO LUNA
Some of his work are Noche Buena, a biographical sketch that depicts the actual life in the
Philippines. La Maestra de mi pueblo describe defects of the educational system for women. His pen
name was Taga-ilog.
ANDRES BONIFACIO
Known to be “Supremo of Katipunan” was one of the founders of Katipunan. He wrote poem,
letters, essays and dialogue while his writing are:
-- Pag-ibig sa Tinubuan Lupa - wherein he discussed the importance of loving motherland
-- Katapusang Hibik ng Pilipinas sa Inang Espanya
-- And dapat mabatid ng tagalog - explained how Philippines entered an era of darkness under the
Spaniards
-- He explained in essay the meaning of word tagalog - it did not only refer to particular ethnic group but
to all inhabitants who lived near bodies of water ( Tags-ilog). Everybody should be rightfully called
Tagalog.
His pseudonym was Agapito Bagumbayan. He prepared a Decalogue to serve as guide for
Katipuneros “ Katungkulang Gagawin ng mga Anak ng Bayan” but later adopted the “Kartilla ng
Katipunan” of Emilio Jacinto.

EMILIO JACINTO
Regarded as the “ Brain of the Katipunan.” born on Dec. 15, 1875 in Trozo, Manila. He took up
Bachelor of Arts from the Colegio de San Juan de Letran. He took up law from University of Sto. Tomas
but he was not able to finish it because of revolution. He joined Katipunan in 1894 under the name of
Pingkian. He wrote Kartilla ng Katipunan that served as moral and ethical guide for Katipuneros. His
other works are Liwanag at Dilim and La Patria.
 He became an editor in chief of Kalayaan, an official newspaper of Katipunan. He assigned to rescue
Rizal while waiting the ship going to Cuba but Rizal refused to be rescued. He fought with cazaderos or
Spanish riflemen in Maimpis, Magadalena Laguna, where he was wounded on the knee. He died due to
malaria on April 6, 1899 in Sta.Cruz Laguna.
THE FOUNDING AND RELEVANCE OF KATIPUNAN
The reform movement’s failure paves the way for a movement that advocates armed struggle to
achieve liberty.
KKK (Kataas-taasan, Kagalang-galangan na Katipunan ng mga Anak ng Bayan or Katipunan)
This was founded on July 7, 1892, same day that news about Rizal’s exile to Dapitan. Deodato
Arellano was the first President of Katipunero followed by Roman-Basa then by Andres Bonifacio. The
KKK members were divided when it increased more than one hundred Katipon, Kawal, Bayani. Each
category has its own password and members undergo blood compact.
Katipuneros refers to the sons of the people, used triangle method to recruit members, where
every member should recruit two new members who would only know each other after passing the
initiation rites.

Ang ating Bansang Pilipinas ay nahahati sa ibat-ibang pamunoan at kilala sa tawag na "Barangays" noong
ika labing isang siglo, ang ngalang ito ay nagmula sa barkong Malayan na tinatawag na " Balangay" at ang
mga datu, Rajah o sultan ang namamahala o namumuno sa pamumulitang yunit.
Noong 1565, kung kailan ang mga dayuhang manlalakbay na kastila ( Miguel lopez de legazpi) ay
nagtungo rito mula sa bansang Mexico at naitatag ang kaunauhang kolonya Europeo sa Cebu.
Mula sa limang barko at liman daang taohan kasama ang mga Augustinian na monghi bilang karagdagang
pwersa na dalawang daang sundalo noong 1567, ay nagawa niyang maitaboy ang nakikipagkumpitensya
mga Portugees na mananakop at inihatag ang ang pundasyon para sa mananakop na kastila ng kapuluan.
ang mga kastila ay sinakop ang kaharian ng Maynila at Tondo noon 1571 at itinatag ang Maynila bilang
Kapital ng Spanish east indies. at ang pananakop ng kastila ay pinagsama ang mga kapuluan ng Pilipinas
sa isang pampulitikal na yunit.