UNIT DIGIT

UNIT DIGIT
26. While writing all the numbers from 700 to 1000, how many numbers occur in which
the digit at hundred's place is greater than the digit at ten's place, and the digit at
ten's place is greater than the digit at unit's place ?
;fn 700 ls 1000 rd lHkh la[;k,a fy[kh tk,a] rks ,slh fdruh la[;k,a vkrh gSa ftuesa lSdM+s dk vad]
nbkbZ ds vad ls rFkk ngkbZ dk vad] bdkbZ ds vad ls cM+k gS\
(a) 61 (b) 64 (c) 85 (d) 91
UPSC CSAT 2018 Paper – II

Concept :-

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28. There is a numeric lock which has a 3-digit PIN. The PIN contains digits 1 to 7. There is
no repetition of digits. The digits in the PIN from left to right are in decreasing order.
Any two digits in the PIN differ by at least 2. How many maximum attempts does one
need to find out the PIN with certainty?
,d la[;k&vk/kfjr rkyk gS] ftlds fy, 3&vad dh oS;fRrd vfHkKku la[;k (fiu) gSA fiu esa 1 ls
7 rd vad gSaA dksbZ vad nksckjk ugha vkrkA fiu ds vad ck,¡ ls nkfgus rjiQ ?kVrs gq, Øe esa gSaA fiu
ds fdUgha nks vadksa ds chp de&ls&de 2 dk varj gSA vf/dre fdrus iz;klksa esa fiu dk fuf'pr irk
yxk;k tk ldrk gS\
(a) 6 (b) 8 (c) 10 (d) 12
UPSC CSAT 2022 Paper-II

NUMBER OF TRAILING ZEREOS

vuqxkeh 'kwU;ksa dh la[;k
Concept
Zeroes are fomed by a combination of 2 × 5. Hence the number of zeroes will depned on the
number of pairs of 2's and 5's that can be formed./ 'kwU; dk fuekZ.k 2 × 5 ds la;kstu ls gksrk gSA blfy,
'kwU;ksa dh la[;k 2 vkSj 5 ds cuus okys tksM+ksa dh la[;k ij fuHkZj djsxhA

Number of pairs of 2 × 5 Number of zeroes

21 × 51 1
2² × 5² 2
210 × 58 8
M M
2n × 5n n

Note: If N = 2a × 5b
Case 1: If a > b then number of zeroes in N = b
Case 2: If b > a then number of zeroes in N = a
1. Find the number of trailing zeroes of/ds var esa 'kwU;ksa dh la[;k crk,aA
125 × 8

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 (a) 4 (b) 5 (c) 3 (d) 1

2. Find the number of triling zeores of/ds var esa 'kwU;ksa dh la[;k crk,aA
25 × 8 × 125
(a) 5 (b) 3 (c) 2 (d) 1

3. Find the number of trailing zeroes of/ds var esa 'kwU;ksa dh la[;k crk,aA
10 × 100 × 1000 × ......... × 100000000
(a) 35 (b) 36 (c) 30 (d) 26

4. Find the number of trailing zeroes of/ds var esa 'kwU;ksa dh la[;k crk,aA
101 × 102 × 103 × .......... × 10100
(a) 5050 (b) 5051 (c) 4950 (d) 6050

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5. Find the number of trailing zeroes of/ds var esa 'kwU;ksa dh la[;k crk,aA
(a) 555 (b) 111 (c) 0 (d) 222

6. Find the total nmbers of trailing zeroes./d var esa 'kwU;ksa dh la[;k crk,aA
1 × 3 × 5 × ....... × 77
(a) 0 (b) 3 (c) 2 (d) 1

7. Find the total numbers of trailing zeroes./ds var esa 'kwU;ksa dh la[;k crk,aA
1 × 3 × 5 × ....... × 101 × 128
(a) 2 (b) 4 (c) 7 (d) 6

Concept : -

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 Multiplication of Factorial Number of
number Notation Zeroes
1 × 2 × 3 × 4 × 5 ×....× 100 100! 24
1 × 2 × 3 × 4 × 5 ×....× 200 200! 49
1 × 2 × 3 × 4 × 5 ×.... × 300 300! 74
1 × 2 × 3 × 4 × 5 ×....× 400 400! 99
  
1 × 2 × 3 × 4 × 5 × ....× 800 800! 199
1 × 2 × 3 × 4 × 5 × ....× 900 900! 224
1× 2 × 3 × 4 × 5 × ....× 1000 1000! 249
8. Find the total number of trailing zeroes./ds var essa 'kwU;ksa dh la[;k crk,aA
129!
(a) 31 (b) 33 (c) 35 (d) 37

9. Find the total numbers of traviling zeroes./ds var essa 'kwU;ksa dh la[;k crk,aAa
1 × 2 × 3 × ....... × 100
(a) 20 (b) 22 (c) 23 (d) 24

10. How many zeroes will be there at the end of the expression.
O;atd ds var esa fdrus 'kwU; gksaxs\
N = 2 × 4 × 6 × 8 × ........ × 98 × 100
(a) 10 (b) 12 (c) 14 (d) 18

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11. Find the total numbers of trailing zeroes./ds var esa 'kwU;ksa dh la[;k crk,aA
317 × 318 × ........ × 896
(a) 202 (b) 145 (c) 222 (d) 232

12. Find the numbers of trailing zeroes at the end of product of first 50 prime numbers.
izFke 50 vHkkT; la[;kvksa ds xq.kuiQy ds var esa fdrus 'kwU; (0) gksaxs\a
(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 0 (d) 3

13. Find the total number of trailing zeroes./ds var esa 'kwU;ksa dh la[;k crk,aA
12 × 23 × 34 × 45 × 56 × ....... × 5354
(a) 362 (b) 360 (c) 359 (d) 353

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14. Find the number of trailing zeroes of./ds var esa 'kwU;ksa dh la[;k crk,aA
22 × 54 × 42 × 108 × 610 × 512 × 814 × 2016 × 108 × 2520
(a) 90 (b) 10 (c) 112 (d) 88

15. How many consecutive zeros are there at the end of the integer obtained in the product
12 × 24 × 36 × 48 × ...... × 2550 ?
xq.kuiQy 12 × 24 × 36 × 48 × ...... × 2550 esa izkIr iw.kkZad ds var esa fdrus Øekxr 'kwU; gS\a
(a) 50 (b) 55 (c) 100 (d) 200
UPSC CSAT 2024 Paper–II

16. How many zeroes are there in the product 150 × 249 × 348 ........ × 501 ?
xq.kuiQy 150 × 249 × 348 ........ × 501 esa fdrus 'kwU; gS\a
(a) 262 (b) 261 (c) 246 (d) 235
UPSC CSAT 2020 Paper-II

17. How many zeroes are there at the end of the following product?
xq.kuiQy ds var esa fdrus 'kwU; gksaxs\
1 × 5 × 10 × 15 × 20 × 25 × 30 × 35 × 40 × 45 × 50 × 55 × 60
(a) 10 (b) 12 (c) 14 (d) 15
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 UPSC CSAT 2017 Paper-II

18. If 10n divides 623 × 759 × 105², then what is the maximum value of n ?
;fn 10n, 623, × 759 × 1052 dks foHkkftr djrk gS] rks n dk vf/dre eku D;k gS\
(a) 20 (b) 22 (c) 23 (d) 28

19. What is the largest value of n such that 10n divides the product
n dk og lcls cM+k eku D;k gS fd uhps fn;k x;k xq.kuiQy 10n ls foHkkftr gks tk,\
25 × 3³ × 48 × 5³ × 67 × 76 × 812 × 99 × 106 × 1512 × 2014 × 2211 × 2515 ?
(a) 65 (b) 55 (c) 50 (d) 45
UPSC CDS 2019 Paper-II

20. What is the maximum exponent of 10 which divides the product

1 × 2 × 3 × 4 . . . . . . × 23 × 24 × 25 ?
10 dh vf/dre ?kkr D;k gS tks xq.kuiQy 1 × 2 × 3 × 4 . . . . . . × 23 × 24 × 25 dks foHkkftr djrh gS\
(a) 2 (b) 4 (c) 5 (d) None of the above

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 Classification of number

Even Number/le la[;k,¡

All the whole numbers which are divisible by 2 are known as “ even numbers”.
os lHkh iw.kZ la[;k,¡ tks 2 ls foHkkT; gksrh gSa] le la[;k,¡ dgykrh gSaA
Example:-
0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 .....................
Odd numbers/fo"ke la[;k,¡
All the whole numbers which are not divisible by 2 are known as “ odd numbers”.
os lHkh iw.kZ la[;k,¡ tks 2 ls foHkkT; ugha gksrh gSa] fo"ke la[;k,¡ dgykrh gSaA
Example:-
1, 3, 5, 7 .....................
Some Results
odd + odd = even/fo"ke + fo"ke = le
odd – odd = even/fo"ke – fo"ke = le
odd × odd = odd/fo"ke × fo"ke = fo"ke
odd ÷ odd = odd/fo"ke ÷ fo"ke = fo"ke

even + odd = odd/le + fo"ke = fo"ke

even – odd = odd/le – fo"ke = fo"ke
even × odd = even/le × fo"ke = le
even ÷ odd = even/le ÷ fo"ke = le
Odd ÷ even = never divisible
fo"ke ÷ le = foHkkftr ugha gksxk

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 even + even = even/le + le = le
even – even = even/le – le = le
even × even = even/le × le = le
even ÷ even = even/odd/le ÷ fo"ke = le@fo"ke
(even)even/odd = even/(le)le@fo"ke ¾ le
(odd)even/odd = odd/(fo"ke)le@fo"ke ¾ fo"ke

Composite Numbers
HkkT; la[;k
• The Natural numbers which are divisible by numbers other than itself and 1 are called
composite numbers./os çkÑfrd la[;k,¡ tks Lo;a vkSj 1 ds vykok vU; la[;kvksa ls foHkkT; gksrh
gSa] HkkT; la[;k,¡ dgykrh gSaA
Example:- 4, 6, 8, 9 ................
• ‘O’ and ‘1’ are neither prime number nor composite number.
*O* vkSj ^1* u rks vHkkT; la[;k gSa vkSj u gh HkkT; la[;k
Prime Numbers
vHkkT; la[;k
• The natural numbers which have no. factors other than 1 and itself are called prime
number./os çkÑfrd la[;k,¡ ftuesa 1 vkSj Lo;a ds vykok vU; dksbZ xq.ku[kaM u gks] dks vHkkT;
la[;k dgk tkrk gSA
Example: 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19, 23,……….
Properties of prime numbers
vHkkT; la[;kvksa ds xq.k
1. 2 is the lowest prime number./2 lcls NksVh vHkkT; la[;k gS&
2. 2 is the only even prime number because the factors of 2 is 1 and 2.
2 ,dek=k le vHkkT; la[;k gS D;ksafd 2 dk xq.ku[kaM 1 vkSj 2 gSA
3. Sum of the prime number is always an even number if 2 is not present
;fn 2 ekStwn ugha gS rks vHkkT; la[;k dk ;ksx ges'kk ,d le la[;k gksrh gS
4. The lowest odd prime number is ‘3‘
lcls NksVh fo"ke vHkkT; la[;k ^3* gSaA
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25. Every prime number of the form 3k + 1 can be represented in the form 6m + 1 (where,
k and m are integers), when:/çR;sd vHkkT; la[;k tks 3k + 1 ds :i esa gS] dks 6m + 1 ds :i
esa n'kkZ;k tk ldrk gS (tgka] k vkSj m iw.kkaZd la[;k gS) tc
(a) k is odd/k ,d fo"ke la[;k gSA
(b) k is even/k ,d le la[;k gSA
(c) k can be both odd and even/k le vkSj fo"ke nksuksa gks ldrk gSA
(d) No such form is possible/k ,slk dksbZ :i laHko ugha gSA

26. N² – 33, N² – 31, N² – 29 are prime number then find the possible values of N, when N is:
;fn N² – 33, N² – 31, N² – 29 vHkkT; la[;k gS rks N dk laHkkfor eku D;k gS] tgka N ,d iw.kkaZd gS\
(a) + 6 (b) – 6 (c) Both A and B (d) N.O.T

27. A positive integer is said to be a prime number if it is not divisible by any positive
integer other than itself and 1. Let p be a prime number greater than 5. Then (p² –1) is:
dksbZ Hkh /ukRed iw.kkaZd la[;k vHkkT; gksxh tc ;g 1 rFkk Lo;a dks NksM+dj fdlh Hkh la[;k ls
foHkkT; u gksA ;fn p] 5 ls cM+h ,d vHkkT; la[;k gks] rks (p² –1)
(a) never divisible by 6/6 ls foHkkftr ugha gksxhA
(b) always divisible by 6, and may or may not be divisible by 12
ges'kk 6 ls foHkkftr gksxh rFkk 12 ls gks Hkh ldrh vkSj ugha Hkh
(c) always divisible by 12, and may or may not be divisible by 24
ges'kk 12 ls foHkkftr gksxh rFkk 24 ls gks Hkh ldrh vkSj ugha HkhA
(d) always divisible by 24./ges'kk 24 ls foHkkftr gksrh gSA

28. Consider the following statements.

fuEufyf[kr dFkuksa ij fopkj djsa&
If p is a prime such that p + 2 is also a prime, then

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 ;fn p bl çdkj ,d vHkkT; gS fd p + 2 Hkh ,d vHkkT; gS] rks
I. p (p + 2) + 1 is a perfect square.
p (p + 2) + 1 ,d iw.kZ oxZ gSA
II. 12 is a divisor of p + (p + 2), if p > 3.
12, p + (p + 2)] dk Hkktd gS] ;fn p > 3
Which of the above statements (s) is/are correct ?
mi;qZDr dFkuksa esa ls dkSu lk@ls lgh gS@gSa\
(a) Only I (b) Only I (c) Both I and II (d) Neither I nor II

29. Consider the following in respect of prime number p and composite number c.
vHkkT; la[;k p vkSj HkkT; la[;k c ds ckjs esa fuEufyf[kr ij fopkj dhft,%
p+c p+c
1. p – c can be even./ p – c le gks ldrk gSA
2. 2p + c can be odd./2p + c fo"ke gks ldrk gSA
3. pc can be odd./pc fo"ke gks ldrk gSA
Which of the above statements are correct?
mi;qZDr dFkuksa esa ls dkSu&dkSu ls lgh gSa\
(a) 1 and 2 only/dsoy 1 vkSj 2 (b) 2 and 3 only/dsoy 2 vkSj 3
(c) 1 and 3 only/dsoy 1 vkSj 3 (d) 1, 2 and 3/1] 2 vkSj 3
UPSC CSAT 2023 Paper-II

30. Consider the following statements in respect of two natural numbers p and q such
that p is a prime number and q is a composite number:
nks /uiw.kZ la[;kvksa p vkSj q ds ckjs esa] tks bl çdkj gS fd p vHkkT; vkSj q HkkT; la[;k gS]
fuEufyf[kr dFkuksa ij fopkj dhft,%
1. p × q can be an odd number./p × q fo"ke la[;k gks ldrh gSA

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 p p
2. q can be a prime number./ q vHkkT; la[;k gks ldrh gSA
3. p + q can be a prime number./p + q vHkkT; la[;k gks ldrh gSA
Which of the above statements are correct?
mi;qZDr dFkuksa esa ls dkSu&ls lgh gSa\
(a) 1 and 2 only (b) 2 and 3 only (c) 1 and 3 only (d) 1, 2 and 3
UPSC CSAT 2022 Paper-II

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