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Tutorial 2 Real Analysis (1)

This document is a tutorial for MATH 3203: Real Analysis at the Catholic University of Malawi, detailing various mathematical concepts such as upper and lower bounds, bounded sets, and compactness. It includes a series of questions requiring definitions, set evaluations, and proofs related to real analysis. The tutorial aims to deepen understanding of these concepts through practical examples and theoretical proofs.

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2 views

Tutorial 2 Real Analysis (1)

This document is a tutorial for MATH 3203: Real Analysis at the Catholic University of Malawi, detailing various mathematical concepts such as upper and lower bounds, bounded sets, and compactness. It includes a series of questions requiring definitions, set evaluations, and proofs related to real analysis. The tutorial aims to deepen understanding of these concepts through practical examples and theoretical proofs.

Uploaded by

tisungeni.kenard
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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The Catholic University of Malawi

Faculty of Science
Mathematical Sciences Department
MATH 3203: Real Analysis Tutorial 2
Course Lecturer: A.P. Phiri
March 25, 2025

Question 1. Define the following terms:


(a) Upper Bound
(b) Lower Bound
(c) Bounded Set
(d) Open Set
(e) Closed Set
(f) Compact Set
(g) Connected Set
(h) Neighborhood
(i) -Ball (N (x, ))
(j) Deleted -Ball (N ∗ (x, ))
(k) Topology on R
(l) Supremum and infimum of a set
Question 2. Determine whether the following sets are bounded, unbounded,
or neither. If bounded, determine the lower and upper bounds.
(a) (−∞, 4]
(b) [1, 5]
(c) Z
(d) N

1
(e) Q
(f) S = { n1 : n ∈ N}
n
(g) S = { (−1)
n : n ∈ N}
(h) S = (−1, 2)
(i) S = [5, 1)
Question 3. Determine whether the following sets are compact or not.
(a) A = {(x1 , x2 ) ∈ R2 : 0 ≤ x1 ≤ 1, 0 ≤ x2 ≤ 1}
(b) B = {(x1 , x2 ) ∈ R2 : 0 ≤ x1 < 1, 0 ≤ x2 < 1}
(c) C = {(x1 , x2 ) ∈ R2 : 0 ≤ x1 < 1, 0 ≤ x2 }.
Question 4. The set
S2 := {x | 0 ≤ x ≤ 2}
clearly set S2 has 2 as an upper bound. Prove that 2 is its supremum.
Question 5. Prove that if u is an upper bound of a nonempty set S in R, then
u is the supremum of S if and only if for every ε > 0, there exists an sε ∈ S
such that u − ε < sε .
Question 6. Find the infimum and supremum, if they exist, of each of the
following sets.
(a) A := {x ∈ R : 2x + 5 > 0},

(b) B := x ∈ R : x + 2 ≥ x2 ,
(c) C := {x ∈ R : x < 1/x},

(d) D := x ∈ R : x2 − 2x − 5 < 0 .
Question 7. Let S be a set that is bounded below. Prove that a lower bound
w of S is the infimum of S if and only if for any ε > 0 there exists t ∈ S such
that t < w + ε.
Question 8. Let S1 := {x ∈ R : x ≥ 0}. Show in detail that the set S1 has
lower bounds, but no upper bounds. Show that inf S1 = 0.
Question 9. Let S2 := {x ∈ R : x > 0}. Does S2 have lower bounds? Does
S2 have upper bounds? Does inf S2 exist? Does sup S2 exist? Prove your
statements.
Question 10. Let S4 := {1 − (−1)n /n : n ∈ N}. Find inf S4 and sup S4 .
Question 11. Show that sup{1 − 1/n : n ∈ N} = 1
Question 12. Let A and B be bounded nonempty subsets of R, and let A+B :=
{a + b : a ∈ A, b ∈ B}.
(a) Prove that sup(A + B) = sup A + sup B.
(b) Prove that inf(A + B) = inf A + inf B.

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