H.T.

No: Course Code: 231CS4T02

ADITYA ENGINEERING COLLEGE (A)

Time: 3 hours Max. Marks: 70

SECTION –A 10 X 2 =20

1 a Define a database system and mention its key characteristics L1 CO1 [2M]
b What is data independence in DBMS? L1 CO1 [2M]
c List the different types of integrity constraints in the relational L2 CO2 [2M]
model.
d What is the difference between a domain and an attribute in the L1 CO2 [2M]
relational model?
e What is the purpose of the WHERE clause in SQL queries? L1 CO3 [2M]
f Explain nested query in SQL? L2 CO3 [2M]
g Explain the concept of lossless join decomposition L2 CO4 [2M]
h What is a multivalued dependency in database design? L1 CO4 [2M]
i List the different states of a transaction L2 CO5 [2M]
j Define deadlock in the context of databases L2 CO5 [2M]

SECTION –B 5 X 10 =50

UNIT-I
2 a Differentiate database systems and file systems in terms of data L3 CO1 [5M]
integrity, security, and redundancy, with suitable examples
b Explain different data models with examples and discuss their L2 CO1 [5M]
relevance in modern database systems.
OR
3 a Illustrate different types of attributes with examples for each one. L2 CO1 [5M]
b Explain the concepts of specialization and generalization in ER L2 CO1 [5M]
modeling and analyze their impact on database design.

UNIT-II
4 a Write SQL commands to create, alter, and modify a table schema for L3 CO2 [5M]
a student database and analyze their impact.
b Explain various types of constraints in a relational model with L2 CO2 [5M]
examples and discuss their importance in ensuring data consistency.
OR
5 a Explain different types of constraints in sql with suitable example for L2 CO2 [5M]
each one
b Illustrate the importance of null values in relational databases and L3 CO2 [5M]
demonstrate scenarios where they are useful or problematic.

(P.T.O)
UNIT-III
6 a Illustrate nested queries and subqueries with examples highlighting L3 CO3 [5M]
their use cases.
b Explain the use of GROUP BY and HAVING clauses in SQL for data L2 CO3 [5M]
aggregation, and analyze the impact on query performance.
OR
7 a Identify and explain different types of joins and explain the results L2 CO3 [5M]
with suitable examples.
b Explain nested queries and subqueries with examples highlighting L3 CO3 [5M]
their use cases.

UNIT-IV
8 a Illustrate different types of normal forms explain with suitable L2 CO4 [5M]
example for each type.
b Apply the concept of functional dependencies to determine the L3 CO4 [5M]
highest normal form of a given relation

OR
9 a Discuss the trade-offs between normalization and denormalization in L2 CO4 [5M]
real-world database applications
b Apply the concept of surrogate keys to resolve data anomalies in L3 CO4 [5M]
schema design with an example

UNIT-V
10 a Demonstrate with an example how a transaction progresses through L3 CO5 [5M]
different states and ensure ACID properties are maintained.
b Interpret various concurrency control techniques and compare their L3 CO5 [5M]
effectiveness in handling simultaneous transactions.
OR
11 a Explain impact of using B+ tree indexing in query optimization with L3 CO5 [5M]
practical scenarios
b Explain the recovery process in databases by analyzing different L3 CO5 [5M]
recovery algorithms such as log-based and shadow paging.

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