Building Design & Drawing

CEL 215

PPT-4

ONE POINT
PERSPECTIVE DRAWING

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LECTURE 6.1: PERSPECTIVE DRAWING Perspective drawing

WHAT DO YOU MEAN BY PERSPECTIVE DRAWING

• The views in the form of plans, elevation and surface are the
orthographic projections on a plane surface.
• The word perspective is derived from the Latin word. (per
means through and spective means to look) meaning to
look through.
• Hence the term perspective view is used to mean the
representation of the object as it appears to the
observer.
• For the purpose of understanding, let a man with his one eye
closed and the other at fixed position to look through a
window. If he makes a picture of the object as he sees on the
window glass, the figure that will develop is the perspective
drawing.
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LECTURE 6.1: PERSPECTIVE DRAWING Perspective drawing

• The perspective or radial projection is a convergent

projection where rays from the object converge or focus on
one particular point and they are intercepted on their path
usually by a vertical plane known as picture plane. In a
geometric sense, an ordinary photograph taken through a
camera is a perspective.

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Top View – Orthogonal Projection

Front View – Orthogonal Projection

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 Isometric View (3D) – Perspective Projection

LECTURE 6.1: PERSPECTIVE DRAWING Perspective drawing

Principles of perspective drawing

• The perspective makes the things which are drawn look solid
in appearance.
• It is thus an optical effect which makes the thing or object
close to us appear larger than the same thing or object
viewed at some distance.
• It is this effect of perspective which gives a sense of distance
and solidarity to a view of a building or an object.
• When we are driving on a highway, the picture straight ahead
converge to one vanishing point. In a similar way, the railway
lines, though parallel seem to converge as they recede.

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LECTURE 6.2: PERSPECTIVE DRAWING Perspective drawing

Perspective of highway and railway line

Source: Building Drawing Second Edition by M. G. Shah C. M. Kale & S. Y. Patki 9

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ONE POINT PERSPECTIVE DRAWING

STEPS:
1) Draw Ground Line (GL) on the bottom side of the sheet
2) Draw Horizon Line (HL) above GL at a distance equal to the height of the observer
3) At a sufficient distance above HL, draw the Picture Plane (PP)
4) Draw the Front View with one face touching the GL
5) Draw Top View with same face touching the PP
6) Make the Axis Line (AL) connecting the center points of the Top View & Front View
7) Make the Station Line (SL) below PP at a distance equal to the given distance
between the PP & Observer (i.e., Station Point - SP)
8) Mark SP on SL, from the Axis Line
9) Drop a perpendicular from SP to the HL. This point on HL is SP’or VP (i.e.,
Vanishing Point)
10) From Top View, connect all points of the object that are not touching the PP to the
SP
11) These lines will intersect with the PP at some points. From these points, drop
perpendicular from PP on GL
12) Connect all points of the front view of the object to VP
13) These lines will intersect with the perpendicular lines between PP & GL
14) Connect the Front View with these respective points to get the perspective view
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 TWO POINT
PERSPECTIVE DRAWING

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PERSPECTIVE DRAWING

STEPS (Two Point Perspective):

1. Draw GL
2. Draw HL at the given distance above the GL
3. Draw SL at any distance above the HL
4. Draw PP at the given distance above the SL
5. Draw the top view as per the question with one edge/corner/point touching the PP
6. Mark the horizontal center point of the object & drop a perpendicular from this center
7. Mark SP on the SL as given in the question. (SP can be in the central axis of left or right of the central axis)
8. Make a line parallel to one face of the object, that connects SP to PP
9. Make another line parallel to the second face of the object, that connects SP to PP
10. We get two points on PP - V1’ and V2’
11. Drop perpendiculars from V1’ and V2’ on HL
12. These two points on HL are the vanishing points - V1 & V2
13. Name all the corners of the object and connect all corner points of the object to SP
14. These lines meet the PP at some points. From these points, drop perpendiculars on GL
15. On the perpendicular from the edge that is touching the PP, draw the true length of this edge in the front view on GL
16. The position of this edge on GL will depend on the conditions given in the question (above or below GL)
17. Connect the top and bottom points of this edge drawn in the front view to V1 & V2
18. These lines will intersect with the perpendiculars dropped from PP
19. These points are the outer edges of the object in perspective view
20. Connect these top and bottom points of these new edges also to V1 & V2
21. These lines meet the perpendiculars dropped from PP. These points are the inner edges of the object
22. Darken the visible edges. Draw the hidden edges with dotted lines

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TWO POINT PERSPECTIVE DRAWING
1. Draw GL.
2. If the true shape and size of any of the edges/faces is not known, then draw an assumed front view of the object towards the right side of GL, assuming
that one face is touching the PP. Name all the visible corners in capital letters A to E
3. Draw HL at the given distance above the GL
4. Draw SL at any distance above the HL
5. Draw PP at the given distance above the SL
6. Drop perpendiculars from the front view on GL
7. These are projections of the corner points visible in the assumed front view. Name them as same letters in lower case (a’ to e’)
8. Assume that corner C is touching the PP and the longer face of the object makes the given angle of 30 deg with PP
9. Therefore, the shorter face will make an angle of 60 deg with the PP (Sum of angles on straight line is 180 deg)
10. Now make the top view of the shorter face from the corner c on PP
11. The distance between corners a, e, b, d in the top view will be same as the distance between the corners a’ e’ b’ d’ in the projections of these points on
GL
12. Now make the longer faces of known length in the top view (at an angle of 30 deg from point C)
13. Name the corner points of the of the other face as a1, b1, c1, d1, e1
14. Mark the horizontal center point of the object & drop a perpendicular from this center
15. Mark SP on the SL as given in the question. (SP can be in the central axis of left or right of the central axis)
16. Make a line parallel to one face of the object, that connects SP to PP
17. Make another line parallel to the second face of the object, that connects SP to PP
18. We get two points on PP - V1’ and V2’
19. Drop perpendiculars from V1’ and V2’ on HL
20. These two points on HL are the vanishing points - V1 & V2
21. To get point C in perspective view, draw a line from point C in the assumed front view, parallel to the GL. This line will intersect with the perpendicular
coming down from PP that represents point c in the top view. This point of intersection is point C in the perspective view.
22. Now take any arbitrary vertical edge in the assumed front view (Let’s take the edge Cc’).
23. GL connects c’ to the perpendicular coming down from PP that represents point c in the top view. This arbitrary edge Cc’ is in it’s true shape and size in
the perspective view.
24. Connect the points representing Cc’ in the perspective view to V1. These lines will intersect with the perpendiculars from PP. Identify point A on the line
CV1 and points E and D on line c’V1
25. Now, to get B, draw a line parallel to B in the assumed front view. The point where it intersects with the perpendicular of B from PP is the perspective
position of point B
26. Connect the perspective points A-B-C-D-E to get this face in the perspective view.
27. Now connect A, B, C, D, E to V2 and get points A1, B1, C1, D1 and E1 from the respective perpendiculars. 127
28. Darken the visible edges. Draw the hidden edges with dotted lines

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