Unt) II. - Functions, Modwes and Paciea ihe 2 wie In Python S . | a Functions * Defining -Punctiong , Calling-function, Sine nection uments g ment ,Scope of Be Vato Lamb nection: | 1 eee pm Oefining functions: — = . |AFaunction ta Python Is defined usiag tthe ‘def | Keyoood — rfellowed: by the funcHton name and parentheses. 2:| you _can also specify parameters within «the porenihese * Example 3— def JreetCname) + ‘ oe pot CPU Hebe, es nS) = 3,)-2. | Callin noton 3— |. [7 cal] Function, Simply use it name —eliowed Ly parentheses . a 2-| fF the—-function vequives aequments » you can pass them inside the parentheses, i » OXample red : a | greet("'Mice'') tro/pt Hello» Alice a 81-3 chien uments $— E 41: |Fanction asquments iin python ave Input Values Hat 4 _|awe passed ~o a -funct(on'S parameters, —__2:|furncHorn Can +one Various -types of arguments! ~___| 2 Position uments | har i ae Positional eatin ook are. Pee and must be Passed | io +the coder: Hey are oleclared.2 KeyOore argu mend S Sa a; Ee ed inan hese aarguments can be pa 2 cotrect the numbes of axquments must 6 a * Default arguments be SS These Values gre provided hen & pease > defined and become) optional when tHe Func Is cated, 7 3 Re 2 Yoriable — length anquments :— ’ ot. Using \#tasgs |-for non- keyoore GaqumentS and Lae de Kuoarngs | -forw Keyword) anguments . sPxamples — dep add(a, b= 5)! return a+b prot Cadd(3)). stk ourpuh 1g puiot CaddC3,2)) He output 5) der Vatlable_avgs (#ranqs)! return etim (args) Hat CvaHable -a%gs (1,2) 3,4)). 2. Por emery «— » ro’ etakement }9 used -be el} g Funct! and optionally Pass back a value. ‘ Return: statements Gn return data of any tye” Including fntegers ) Floats strings | Jis+s | qictio- wo =ranies j aed even others -functHons. he 4Ye = = Sg : + Example s— i an def square (x) ° ae ‘4 return x & a esuHt = Square C4) SE resuttis [C. 3.1.5 SCope of Variables 2 — 1.[2n python | Variables ave the contalness -for storing | dato values. 2.|Pytnon ig not!!! statically -+yped ’), 3. |A vaziable is oveated -the moment We -fivst assiqn a value -to t+. : 4. | There ave +00 types of Vauables” cal Matables— Leca| Varlables ace +hose that ave tnitialixed elthio afPuncHoo and are unique +e that funcHon, TE+ an- -not be accessed outside of -+he:-funcHon. « Cxample i= ef FO): : ak \peal VaHeable Sea fame Git pot CS) ) tt ofp) Lam Girl. £0 —_| D Global Varrable s= 5 = 3 Global Yartables ave the ones that are define declared outside any Function and-qre: Net agecified ~to_any -functoo. ria can be used et any pa the program. éees ¢ Pxample io, | PER 8c Qh lambda ' Lambda Functions :— ees Laredo —funcHonsl aaelqhoagnisuehimations Lao Tunctices ane ‘andnymous functions “functions wlinout ainame ) defined using + ‘Yambda ! keyocd . "Thea! cao) taney ene eae OF arguments: Can only have one expression , ie Hint Cadd (25a) aed a. ———[ + rample= —— Tt my—medule -p — Idef helloW: on puotC''Hello From my medulet"') TmpostHng a Module ,— a j[You can Impost a module using the 'impoat ? a =mert- «Oxample: impos my-module my—module +helloC) =H Hello fom my module! 9.|Jou cag also Iinpet= Speclt ic fu cotionacomaclosses uetag throm? atarement. + Pxample t _ from my. module jmpost hello hello) tr cutpur + Helo from: my mode! 9.2.3 |Usin uilt-1a_medules - 1: | futon comes witha standasd \ibouny of bullt- io Modules that you arn use wihout Needing oto insted] anything. 2:| gome commonly used bullt-in modules inalude tmath! Idatetime!, (08 ! and teys/, : * Os —> Titeract withthe opereting System. + Sys —> System — specific eoameters anol-funct =. One ' 2 mach —> Nici tino ; pletidine age soe and -fime operations: - ert.ih module |e vafng the mea Lmpoah mats [plot (math. 8 Lpulot Cmeath. pi) tUsing the datetme mod Hom datetime Impoot datetinze now = datetime.nowl) PHnt Crew) He output na weat dateianal time 3.2.4] me: ace § — ? ——_ [A Namespace |3 4 conbainenHrat holds 4 Set of Jdentifiers Cnames) and thelr Conresponding object: Pythen has Sever) namespaces 4 Including) _ * Buil+— in Nomespace:— contains bulH —io =funcHons ond excepHens. * Globa} Name spaces s— Contains names defined at the +op level oF a module ow ScH!pti » loca) Namespace $= Contalns ‘names defincol 3 Lolthin q-function. E. ~ i « Enclosing !— Names inthe lace) acape of endlastng —functtons. —~ | * Global ‘— Names assigned at-he-top level of a eS Module. *Bullt-{n $— Names pteassigned in the built = lo Namespace . example sa =H Globe) Vad'able L=lo deF outer_-functioo C)' 4 te Enclosing Variable 4 Yy=20 def Innew-functionl)! athlocal Voulable = ~ X= 30 4 pAorCi\annen function! "1 Y, 2) ] Inner_-Function¢ ) i paint Clouter-function | '! , X54) i outer—fPuncH on ¢) s w PHotC Globe) scope :", x) 4 on Packa 4 Create user defin Import a usinI ——}—— sa 3.31 [Create Uses defined Package i— en SREB Leics = or eee eae gerined package Jou Noes ty \ orga [a 4 x _| | A package I lea 4 “bay 2 a lato a single < directors ee au code Jn q | a. [paar Packege _aljou ou 6 Ss. nd Ae), 2 manage 2 TeUge jay “hak of ee tfollo @ these Sep err = ' f oh Ty Gabe @ Dlrectony -— Thiaieslll’ Dextre Pacrage directory, py) Flet= this File C90 be emp, | orcen Comtale Inthalixat Code -for-the package a. Add an!_ init 3. Add Modules ¢—Geate Pythoo-filesCmodules) a Inside the Package directooy + Example + — : my package / —— init__.py ald al moduwiet py = medulea. py « Contents of 'modulel py! : =tEmypackage module. py deF greet(Cname) } beturn fF" Hello) Iname % From MediteL |”- am > * content of ‘module2 .py)! Se Be muypackage /modtlea py ST det FarewetCname’’ + Example : return f' Goodbye , Fname 4% from module 2)" # Content of — nit— Py! It my Package /_ init. p Ht Thi's-file Can be empty oF con Include package =leve} VaHables ov imports B32 jing a Package You can impost your user-defined package and ii+-s modules in another Python Sorip+. Create a File named ‘main.py '-to use the Imypackage! He mal. py ae a [ee TmpoH ng -Hhe entire Package Import Mypacka ge .Module+ Import _mppackage «module 2. ‘ , ee mypackage .medule 2 \mpott favewel) , pHat mypackoge :modulet. greet ('' Mice")) ] sthoutput Helle, Alice from modale +! | print ( Mypackage «module 2 farrei 1 C'\Bob")) * | aPoudput ; Goodbye , Bob From module 2! from my package. Mmodwet. lerpoe greet , nt (greet ("chastie")) FE Hello, Chastie from modwet!, | (Facey ('! Dlana W) 4 Goodbye | Diana from module 2!Usla on Puil+- in Packs es | File and Dive: ° oo : aii LS temprile ee J 2: | MathematHes anol Numbers ia o> YY + Limatanoes : —~ 7 L9 emath J —_- . ~ I > Fandom — L-4 dectmod : _| L_»-fractions : i : 4 Ly StaHstes 3.|,08 $= Used -for InteracHng With the Opematiog, = such ag file and Airectory opewsctions: _h.| ys 5— cw Provides access a dem = specie Porameters and funcHens | & maths — provides aro aed fa daha aad Ree acl - “Stans[datetime + — ene — [Uaed for Maniewating datesand times Grenexates mand obo cumbers) Ree Rejeon s= an Used-for parsing aod cemeruitdéa J30n dato, } : a ACS — = a Provides suppert -fow requiay exprosstons, Je. | collections + — ae Peovides specializes! Container date types: _ (ee setae pacha. for PPP .— 1 | We can insteul additonal packages by using the thon pip tastall command. 2:|lets Suppose we vwoant -to {nstall the Numpy using pee: 3-| We can do frusing the below command. *Syntac t— : pip fostall_oumpy se f sia on Banke 1) rthar i's a 2 2) Sac = [Define Moduledn = aed mperetng ‘4 | ereste el tree scopim. : J 3 4 S)| Witte note oo Name aoe an e @ 6) [create o user defined P2hOH aiid in oo a nas bald io package: andl ball’ s using eae deserbe jostailing package